MARITIME SAFETY

Dr. Cristina Steliana Mihailovici

Outline
What is Maritime Safety?
Where we address it?
Measures and legislation
Safety Management System
Case Study: Climate Change
Polar Code
Ballast Water Management
The future of maritime safety
Quiz: Day of the Seafarer, 25 June
 Maritime Safety
The safety of everybody in a vessel in waters
The safety of all seafarers on flagged vessels
Making sure all equipment on vessels is fit for purpose
Making sure all seafarers on vessels have correct documentation
The environmental safety of coast and waters
The accuracy of hydrographic data on charts
Overseeing coastal rescue volunteers, hydrographics, seafarer
certification
The Port State Control inspection regime
 Incidence of spill in Europe

Collision Groundings
30% 32%
Loading/
Discharging
2% Hull Failure
Fire &
Explosion 11%
Other/
unknown 16%
9%
 Where we address it?
Maritime & Coastguard Agency (UK)
IMO
ILO
Port State Control
EMSA
Direct dialogue with authorities
Maritime Security Operation Centres (MSOC)
Port Security Vessels
Vessel traffic monitoring
 Measures and legislation
SOLAS
MARPOL
IMO legislation and amendments
Maritime Security Council
EU legal system
EMSA

Recommendation:
https://gisis.imo.org/Public/Default.aspx
 Safety Management Systems

- are implemented to ensure that commercial vessels are maintained and operated safely
to prevent maritime accidents and protect the marine environment.

· Safety and environmental protection policy

· Procedure and guidelines for reporting accidents or any other form of non-
conformities and to ensure safe operations of ships
· Clear information on level of authority and lines of communication among ship
crew members, and between shore and shipboard personnel
· Procedures for internal audits and management reviews
· Vessel details

International safety management (ISM) code

ISO 9000 Series: Quality Management Systems

ISO 14000 Series: Environmental Management Systems

 Case study: Are climate change and disasters at sea
maritime safety and security issues?
Maritime safety and security issues:
 The amount of maritime transportation increases
 The amount of oil tanker traffic increases
 Larger ships induce an increased need for dredging and towage
 Crew fatigue and crew competence are major issues
 Reliance on technology causes weakening of traditional navigation skills
 Human errors cause numerous accidents
 Safety culture is of poor level
 The growth in commercial shipping causes safety risks for other users of the
sea
 Over-regulation of maritime safety and security

Ballast Water Management
Water is travelling from port to port: is taken on at one port when cargo is unloaded and discharged at
another port when the ship receives cargo.


Ballast voyage is the ballast water used during the voyage to provide stability and manoeuvrability.


Every maritime transport have on board ballast water, a potential factor for introduction of non-native
organisms - called bio-invaders, alien species, non-indigenous species or exotic species - into the port
of discharge.


Exists a number of methods to prevent and treat the ballast water, but in this moment no single ballast
water management method has been able to clean and remove all organisms from ballast tanks.
 Research: Ballast Water Management
The GloBallast Project is an
outstanding example of direct, large-
scale action taken by IMO together with
other international entities, to address a
global threat to the health of the world’s
oceans, by further improving the
environmental and socio-economic
sustainability of shipping and reducing
its negative impact on the marine
ecosystems.
Research recommendation:
http://globallast.imo.org/
 The IMO Ballast Water
Convention
International Convention for the Control and Management of Ships’
Ballast Water and Sediments - 2004
• Flag State requirements
• Port State requirements
• Ballast water exchange as interim measure
• Focus on treatment of ballast water
– Standards set
• Multiple guidelines for implementation

Research:
https://www.bimco.org/About/Viewpoint/02_Ballast_Wat
er_Management.aspx
 Instead of “In conclusion”:
The future of maritime safety
Plan – Prevent – Protect
- More international collaboration and information in maritime safety
- More maritime safety trainings
- More professionals in maritime safety
- Increase Integration:
 Addressing all vectors
 Between sectors
 Environment & Maritime Administrations
 In Partnerships, projects & initiatives
 Day of the Seafarer
25 June 2016
http://dayoftheseafarer2016.imo.org/?captain