RESEARCH PAPER-Research Assignment 2

North American University

Education Department
M.Ed. in EDLE & CUIN 2021
EDUC 5324: INTEGRATING TECHNOLOGY INTO EDUCATION

Name:___Seviye___Duran________ Date: ___6/28/2021___

Topic Selected:
Advantages and disadvantages of distance education

1. LITERATURE REVIEW: (250 Words)

What does the literature/research say about this issue/topic? By using NAU
Library or Online Search engines, conduct a literature review.
 You need to include 5 different sources (book, journal article, web article
etc.) in your review. Try to use current sources as much as possible.
 You need to summarize and synthesize your sources by discussing a
common theme or issue. 
 You don't need to critique your sources
 You don't need to evaluate your sources (if the sources are trustworthy,
whether the author has a bias or not)
 You need to provide background information such as history and
definitions

Literature Review:
Approaching distance learning in research papers before and after the Covid-19
pandemic has significantly changed. E-learning has been expanding rapidly; it is crucial
to highlight the advantages and disadvantages of distance learning (Gulnura,
Taikulakova; Z., K.; P., A.; I., A.2016). The Covid-19 pandemic has triggered new ways
of learning (Gautam 2020). Gautam states that online learning ensures an uninterrupted
learning journey for the students (Gautam, 2020).
This literature review examines the major advantages and disadvantages of DE
(distance education) in different ages and possible solutions for the common problems.
DE brings new vocabularies to the terminology like; “syndrome of one-way dialogue”
means that insufficient communication of teachers with students (Gulnura, Taikulakova;
Z., K.; P., A.; I., A. 2016). Another term is “new normal,” which means the increased use
of online learning tools (Gautam, 2020). Some of the terms present before the pandemic
are now commonly used, like “blended learning,” which is defined as “the thoughtful
integration of classroom face-to-face learning experiences with online learning
experiences” (Saltan 2017).
DE is widely accepted as a need for the 21st century. Immanuel defines online learning
as a solution for adding new challenges to our demanding and inflexible schedules
(Vinikas 2021). However, like all solutions, it has some advantages and disadvantages.
Implementation of DE in Kazakhistan higher and secondary school, Gulnura mentions
training at your own pace, flexibility, accessibility, mobility, technological effectiveness,
social equity, and creativity as advantages while denoting lack of specialized staff and
teachers, negative attitude of traditional instructors, and lack of well-designed electronic
resources and infrastructure as disadvantages of DE (Gulnura,Taikulakova; Z., K.; P., A.;
I., A. 20162016). Gulnura suggests that teachers and students need sturdy skills for a
successful working DE system. Students familiar with DE in secondary schools are more
confident and successful in technology during their higher education (Gulnura,
Taikulakova; Z., K.; P., A.; I., A. 2016 2016). Stephen also defines online learning as an