EC1 Wind Actions

BRITISH STANDARD BS EN
1991-1-4:2005
+A1:2010
Incorporating
corrigenda
July 2009
and January 2010
Eurocode 1: Actions on
structures —
Part 1-4: General actions — Wind
actions
Licensed copy:Mott Macdonald Ltd, 10/07/2011, Uncontrolled Copy, © BSI
ICS 91.010.30
12&23<,1*:,7+287%6,3(50,66,21(;&(37$63(50,77('%<&23<5,*+7/$:
BS EN 1991-1-4:2005+A1:2010
National foreword
This British Standard is the UK implementation of

EN 1991-1-4:2005+A1:2010, incorporating corrigendum January 2010.
It supersedes BS EN 1991-1-4:2005 which is withdrawn. Details of
superseded British Standards are given in the table below.
The start and finish of text introduced or altered by amendment is
indicated in the text by tags. Tags indicating changes to CEN text
carry the number of the CEN amendment. For example, text altered by
CEN amendment A1 is indicated by !".
The start and finish of text introduced or altered by corrigendum is
indicated in the text by tags. Text altered by CEN corrigendum
January 2010 is indicated in the text by Š‹.
NOTE The content of CEN corrigendum January 2010 replaced the content of CEN
corrigendum July 2009.
The structural Eurocodes are divided into packages by grouping

Eurocodes for each of the main materials: concrete, steel, composite
concrete and steel, timber, masonry and aluminium; this is to enable a
common date of withdrawal (DOW) for all the relevant parts that are
needed for a particular design. The conflicting national standards will
be withdrawn at the end of the coexistence period, after all the EN
Eurocodes of a package are available.
Following publication of the EN, there is a period allowed for national
calibration during which the National Annex is issued, followed by a
co-existence period of a maximum three years. During the co-existence
period Member States are encouraged to adapt their national
provisions. At the end of this co-existence period, the conflicting parts
of national standard(s) will be withdrawn.
In the UK, the following national standards are superseded by the
Eurocode 1 series and, based on this transition period, these standards
have now been withdrawn.
Eurocode Superseded British Standards
EN 1991-1-1 BS 6399-1:1996
EN 1991-1-2 none
EN 1991-1-3 BS 6399-3:1988
EN 1991-1-4 BS 6399-2:1997, BS 5400-2:1978*
EN 1991-1-5 BS 5400-2:1978*
EN 1991-1-6 none
EN 1991-1-7 none
EN 1991-2 BS 5400-1:1988, BS 5400-2:1978*
EN 1991-3 none
EN 1991-4 none
* BS 5400-2:1978 will not be fully superseded until publication of Annex A.2 to
BS EN 1990:2002.
This British Standard was Amendments/corrigenda issued since publication

published under the authority
of the Standards Policy and
Strategy Committee on Date Comments
25 April 2005
31 December 2009 Implementation of CEN corrigendum July 2009

© BSI 2011
31 August 2010 Implementation of CEN corrigendum January 2010
31 January 2011 Implementation of CEN amendment A1:2010
ISBN 978 0 580 68497 5

BS EN 1991-1-4:2005+A1:2010
The UK participation in its preparation was entrusted by Technical

Committee B/525, Building and civil engineering structures, to
Subcommittee B/525/1, Actions (loadings) and basis of design.
A list of organizations represented on this subcommittee can be
obtained on request to its secretary.
Where a normative part of this EN allows for a choice to be made at
the national level, the range and possible choice will be given in the
normative text, and a note will qualify it as a Nationally Determined
Parameter (NDP). NDPs can be a specific value for a factor, a specific
level or class, a particular method or a particular application rule if
several are proposed in the EN.
To enable EN 1991-1-4 to be used in the UK, the NDPs have now been
published in a National Annex.
This publication does not purport to include all the necessary
provisions of a contract. Users are responsible for its correct
application.
Compliance with a British Standard cannot confer immunity
from legal obligations.
© BSI 2011 i
blank
EUROPEAN STANDARD EN 1991-1-4:2005+A1
NORME EUROPÉENNE
EUROPÄISCHE NORM April 2010
ICS 91.010.30 Supersedes ENV 1991-2-4:1995

Incorporating corrigendum January 2010
English version
Eurocode 1: Actions on structures - Part 1-4: General actions -

Wind actions
Eurocode 1: - Actions sur les structures - Partie 1-4: Eurocode 1: Einwirkungen auf Tragwerke - Teil 1-4:
Actions générales - Actions du vent Allgemeine Einwirkungen - Windlasten
This European Standard was approved by CEN on 4 June 2004.

CEN members are bound to comply with the CEN/CENELEC Internal Regulations which stipulate the conditions for giving this European
Standard the status of a national standard without any alteration. Up-to-date lists and bibliographical references concerning such national
standards may be obtained on application to the Central Secretariat or to any CEN member.
This European Standard exists in three official versions (English, French, German). A version in any other language made by translation
under the responsibility of a CEN member into its own language and notified to the Central Secretariat has the same status as the official
versions.
CEN members are the national standards bodies of Austria, Belgium, Cyprus, Czech Republic, Denmark, Estonia, Finland, France,
Germany, Greece, Hungary, Iceland, Ireland, Italy, Latvia, Lithuania, Luxembourg, Malta, Netherlands, Norway, Poland, Portugal, Slovakia,
Slovenia, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland and United Kingdom.
EUROPEAN COMMITTEE FOR STANDARDIZATION

COMITÉ EUROPÉEN DE NORMALISATION
EUROPÄISCHES KOMITEE FÜR NORMUNG
Management Centre: Avenue Marnix 17, B-1000 Brussels
© 2010 CEN All rights of exploitation in any form and by any means reserved Ref. No. EN 1991-1-4:2005: E
worldwide for CEN national Members.
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EN 1991-1-4:2005+A1:2010 (E)
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BS EN 1991-1-4:2005+A1:2010
EN 1991-1-4:2005+A1:2010 (E)
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EN 1991-1-4:2005+A1:2010 (E)
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EN 1991-1-4:2005+A1:2010 (E)
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EN 1991-1-4:2005+A1:2010 (E)
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Number Finish of surface (a)
Sections Reynolds number Re cf,0
of sides and of corners
5 Pentagon all All 1,80
6 Hexagon all All 1,60

5
surface smooth
(b) Re ≤ 2,4⋅10 1,45
r/b < 0,075 Re ≥ 3⋅10
5
1,30
8 Octagon 5
surface smooth
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r/b ≥ 0,075 Re ≥ 7⋅10
5
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10 Decagon all All 1,30

(c)
surface smooth 5 6
2 ⋅ 10 < Re < 1,2⋅10 0,90
corners rounded
12 Dodecagon 5
Re < 4⋅10 1,30
all others
5
Re > 4⋅10 1,10
Hexdecagon 5 treat as a circular

surface smooth
(c) Re < 2⋅10
16-18 to cylinder, see (7.9)
corners rounded
5 6
Octadecagon 2⋅10 ≤ Re < 1,2⋅10 0,70
(a)
Reynolds number with v = vm and vm given in 4.3, Re, is defined in 7.9
(b)
r = corner radius, b = diameter of circumscribed circumference, see Figure 7.26
(c)
From wind tunnel tests on sectional models with galvanised steel surface and a section with b =
0,3 m and corner radius of 0,06 ⋅b

(2) For buildings where h/d > 5, cf may be determined from Expression (7.13).
NOTE See also Table 7.11 and Figure 7.26. ‹
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L length in y-direction
b width in x-direction
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Š
a) Cons truction phase, open parapet s (more than 50% open)
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BS EN 1991-1-4:2005+A1:2010
EN 1991-1-4:2005+A1:2010 (E)
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BS EN 1991-1-4:2005+A1:2010
EN 1991-1-4:2005+A1:2010 (E)
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BRITISH STANDARD BS EN

This British Standard is the UK implementation of

The structural Eurocodes are divided into packages by grouping

This British Standard was Amendments/corrigenda issued since publication

31 December 2009 Implementation of CEN corrigendum July 2009

31 January 2011 Implementation of CEN amendment A1:2010

ISBN 978 0 580 68497 5

The UK participation in its preparation was entrusted by Technical

ICS 91.010.30 Supersedes ENV 1991-2-4:1995

Eurocode 1: Actions on structures - Part 1-4: General actions -

This European Standard was approved by CEN on 4 June 2004.

EUROPEAN COMMITTEE FOR STANDARDIZATION

Management Centre: Avenue Marnix 17, B-1000 Brussels

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