6CS005 Learning Journal - Semester 1 2019/20

Rimsa Goperma - 1930149

Table of Contents

Table of Contents
1 POSIX Threads 2
1.1 Password Cracking 2
1.2 Image Processing 2
1.3 Linear Regression 2
2 CUDA 3
2.1 Password Cracking 3
2.2 Image Processing 3
2.3 Linear Regression 3
3 MPI 4
3.1 Password Cracking 4
3.2 Image Processing 4
3.3 Linear Regression 4
4 Verbose Repository Log 5
1 POSIX Threads
1.1 Password Cracking
Insert a table of 10 running times and the mean running time.

Insert a paragraph that hypotheses how long it would take to run if the number of initials were to be
increased to 3. Include your calculations.

Ans: If the number of initials were to be increased upto 3 initials then the number of loops would
increase 26 times. The number of outcomes explored for two initial was 67600, this would also increase
by 26 times resulting 1757600 number of outcomes. Thus, the time would increase by 26 times, which
would take 3 - 3.5 hrs the run time.

Code for three initials:

● #include <stdio.h>
● #include <string.h>
● #include <stdlib.h>
● #include <crypt.h>
● #include <time.h>
●
● /******************************************************************************
●
● Compile with:
● cc -o CrackAZ99-With-Data CrackAZ99-With-Data.c -lcrypt
●
●
●
● ./CrackAZ99-With-Data > results.txt
●
●
● ******************************************************************************/
● int n_pswd = 4;
●
● char *encrypted_pswd[] = {
●
"$6$KB$qtZDwvkMc3yVn8iBKfjD0LKtFdbszRAPZhxq53gL/6qPsyjogDmlewgujJhg9X76z25HWrYVN
23aM9Yk9l6yg0",
●
"$6$KB$r0eI.GvMdy.bF.P2hO7iNiyUSnr5RcYRrtlq8jJKtBWOJF8GUEL50wfl3tFezoHyeojVSvbI9
lyyTPt8GrcQc1",
●
"$6$KB$FAaDEzWHHZkDMIMeiTsMzuTeImWHvhk28RrAHP8HhcLuv9VgcgTuceVrBQ4vn1kwBYb75CBhY
lD/aJ8f6py7L1",
●
"$6$KB$yWpwGDOqIYzvXw/0G7lTPVdtqmRr8BxN6WzsbuzUOjI.OSf1KEP8VYgnw3619nn/M2BV8AMDv
oPBgrVqaZoK91"
● };
●
●
●
●
●
● /**
● Required by lack of standard function in C.
● */
●
● void substr(char *dest, char *src, int start, int length){
● memcpy(dest, src + start, length);
● *(dest + length) = '\0';
● }
●
●
●
● void crack(char *salt_and_encrypted){
● int r, i, m, s; // Loop counters
● char salt[7]; // String used in hashing the password. Need space for \0
● char plain[7]; // The combination of letters currently being checked
● char *enc; // Pointer to the encrypted password
● int count = 0; // The number of combinations explored so far
●
● substr(salt, salt_and_encrypted, 0, 6);
●
● for(r='A'; r<='Z'; r++){
● for(i='A'; i<='Z'; i++){
● for(m='A'; m<='Z'; m++){
● for(s=0; s<=99; s++){
● sprintf(plain, "%c%c%c%02d", r, i, m, s);
● enc = (char *) crypt(plain, salt);
● count++;
● if(strcmp(salt_and_encrypted, enc) == 0){
● printf("#%-8d%s %s\n", count, plain, enc);
● } else {
● printf(" %-8d%s %s\n", count, plain, enc);
● }
● }
● }
● }
● printf("%d Outcomes Count \n", count);
 ● }
●
● }
●
● int timedifference(struct timespec *start,
● struct timespec *finish,
● long long int *difference) {
● long long int dsecond = finish->tv_sec - start->tv_sec;
● long long int dnanosecond = finish->tv_nsec - start->tv_nsec;
●
● if(dnanosecond < 0) {
● dsecond--;
● dnanosecond += 1000000000;
● }
● *difference = dsecond * 1000000000 + dnanosecond;
● return !(*difference > 0);
● }
●
● int main(int argc, char *argv[]){
● int g;
● struct timespec start, finish;
● long long int timeelapsed;
●
●
● clock_gettime(CLOCK_MONOTONIC, &start);
●
● for(g=0;g<n_pswd;g<g++) {
● crack(encrypted_pswd[g]);
● }
●
● clock_gettime(CLOCK_MONOTONIC, &finish);
● timedifference(&start, &finish, &timeelapsed);
● printf("The time taken is: %lldns or %0.9lfs\n", timeelapsed,
(timeelapsed/1.0e9));
●
● return 0;
● }

Explain your results of running your 3 initial password cracker with relation to your earlier hypothesis.

The running time of three initial password was and the total solution explored were 1757600. According
to my previous hypothesis, number of initials were to be increased to 3 then the number of loops would
increase upto 26 times which became correct.

Write a paragraph that compares the original results with those of your multithread password cracker.
The mean result time for original file was 8 minutes and the thread one was 2 minutes. In the threaded
program, two threads were initialized and created. This resulted in a decrease of mean time by 6
minutes.

Code for multithreaded password cracker:

2 #include <stdio.h>
3 #include <string.h>
4 #include <stdlib.h>
5 #include <crypt.h>
6 #include <time.h>
7 #include <pthread.h>
8
9 /******************************************************************************
10
11 Compile with:
12 cc -o CrackAZ99-With-Data CrackAZ99-With-Data.c -lcrypt
13
14
15
16 ./CrackAZ99-With-Data > results.txt
17
18
19 ******************************************************************************/
20 int n_pword = 4;
21 char *encrypt_pword[] = {
22
"$6$KB$yPvAP5BWyF7oqOITVloN9mCAVdel.65miUZrEel72LcJy2KQDuYE6xccHS2ycoxqXDzW.lvbtDU
5HuZ733K0X0",
23
"$6$KB$H8RIsbCyr2r7L1lklCPKY0tLK9k5WudNWpxkNbx2bCBRHCsI3qyVRY.0nrovdkDLDJRsogQE9mA
3OqcIafVsV0",
24
"$6$KB$zd0hywe3NHS5T209L69g1LWlJjEXoT7OCwzWs.tL5mjK6.DlCY8azuxxy/ucDmebOMWKgWvS/A2
..Ht1MyfI1/",
25
"$6$KB$yRaZFVbx3SBqrI7KCFC572n/v5hWxyQXR3Y8WVbh05yX6GNeBGWN1tTCPT51Etagi4EQ8Vdd91l
dNm6tIrIV40"
26 };
27 /**
28 Required by lack of standard function in C.
29 */
30 void substr(char *dest, char *src, int start, int length){
31 memcpy(dest, src + start, length);
32 *(dest + length) = '\0';
33 }
34 /**
35 This function can crack the kind of password explained above. All combinations
36 that are tried are displayed and when the password is found, #, is put at the
37 start of the line. Note that one of the most time consuming operations that
38 it performs is the output of intermediate results, so performance experiments
39 for this kind of program should not include this. i.e. comment out the printfs.
40 */
41 void kernel_1(char *salt_and_encrypted){
42 int r, i, m; // Loop counters
43 char salt[7]; // String used in hashing the password. Need space for \0
44 char plain[7]; // The combination of letters currently being checked
45 char *enc; // Pointer to the encrypted password
46 int count = 0; // The number of combinations explored so far
47
48 substr(salt, salt_and_encrypted, 0, 6);
49
50 for(r='A'; r<='O'; r++){
51 for(i='A'; i<='Z'; i++){
52 for(m=0; m<=99; m++){
53 sprintf(plain, "%c%c%02d", r, i, m);
54 enc = (char *) crypt(plain, salt);
55 count++;
56 if(strcmp(salt_and_encrypted, enc) == 0){
57 printf("#%-8d%s %s\n", count, plain, enc);
58 } else {
59 printf(" %-8d%s %s\n", count, plain, enc);
60 }
61 }
62 }
63 }
64 printf("%d Outcomes Count \n", count);
65 }
66
67 void kernel_2(char *salt_and_encrypted){
68 int r, i, m; // Loop counters
69 char salt[7]; // String used in hashing the password. Need space for \0
70 char plain[7]; // The combination of letters currently being checked
71 char *enc; // Pointer to the encrypted password
72 int count = 0; // The number of combinations explored so far
73
74 substr(salt, salt_and_encrypted, 0, 6);
75
76 for(r='P'; r<='Z'; r++){
77 for(i='A'; i<='Z'; i++){
78 for(m=0; m<=99; m++){
79 sprintf(plain, "%c%c%02d", r, i, m);
80 enc = (char *) crypt(plain, salt);
81 count++;
82 if(strcmp(salt_and_encrypted, enc) == 0){
83 printf("#%-8d%s %s\n", count, plain, enc);
84 } else {
85 printf(" %-8d%s %s\n", count, plain, enc);
86 }
87 }
88 }
89 }
90 printf("%d Outcomes Count \n", count);
91 }
92 int timedifference(struct timespec *start,
93 struct timespec *finish,
94 long long int *difference) {
95 long long int dsecond = finish->tv_sec - start->tv_sec;
96 long long int dnanosecond = finish->tv_nsec - start->tv_nsec;
97
98 if(dnanosecond < 0) {
99 dsecond--;
100 dnanosecond += 1000000000;
101 }
102 *difference = dsecond * 1000000000 + dnanosecond;
103 return !(*difference > 0);
104 }
105
106 int main(int argc, char *argv[]){
107 int g;
108 struct timespec start, finish;
109 long long int timeelapsed;
110
111
112 clock_gettime(CLOCK_MONOTONIC, &start);
113 pthread_t th_1;
114 void kernel_1();
115 pthread_t th_2;
116 void kernel_2();
117
118 for(g=0;g<n_pword;g<g++) {
119
120 pthread_create(&th_1, NULL, (void *)kernel_1, encrypt_pword[g]);
121
122 pthread_create(&th_2, NULL, (void *)kernel_2, encrypt_pword[g]);
123
124 }
125
126
127 pthread_join(th_1, NULL);
128 pthread_join(th_2, NULL);
129
130 clock_gettime(CLOCK_MONOTONIC, &finish);
131 timedifference(&start, &finish, &timeelapsed);
132 printf("The time taken is: %lldns or %0.9lfs\n", timeelapsed,
(timeelapsed/1.0e9));
133
134 return 0;
135 }

135.1 Image Processing

Insert the image displayed by your program
Code for multithreaded:

● #include <stdio.h>
● #include <stdlib.h>
● #include <time.h>
● #include <GL/glut.h>
● #include <GL/gl.h>
● #include <malloc.h>
● #include <signal.h>
● #include <time.h>
● #include <pthread.h>
● /******************************************************************************
● Displays two grey scale images. On the left is an image that has come from an
● image processing pipeline, just after colour thresholding. On the right is
● the result of applying an edge detection convolution operator to the left
● image. This program performs that convolution.
●
● Things to note:
● - A single unsigned char stores a pixel intensity value. 0 is black, 256 is
● white.
● - The colour mode used is GL_LUMINANCE. This uses a single number to
● represent a pixel's intensity. In this case we want 256 shades of grey,
● which is best stored in eight bits, so GL_UNSIGNED_BYTE is specified as
● the pixel data type.
●
● To compile adapt the code below wo match your filenames:
● cc -o ip_coursework ip_coursework.c -lglut -lGL -lm
●
● Dr Kevan Buckley, University of Wolverhampton, 2018
● ******************************************************************************/
● #define w 100
● #define h 72
●
● typedef struct th_arguments{
● int start;
● int stride;
● }th_arguments;
●
● unsigned char picture[], outcome[w * h];
●
● int timedifference(struct timespec *start,
● struct timespec *finish,
● long long int *difference) {
● long long int dsecs = finish->tv_sec - start->tv_sec;
● long long int dnanosecs = finish->tv_nsec - start->tv_nsec;
●
● if(dnanosecs < 0) {
● dsecs--;
● dnanosecs += 1000000000;
● }
●
● *difference = dsecs * 1000000000 + dnanosecs;
● return !(*difference > 0);
● }
●
● void edge(unsigned char *in, unsigned char *out, th_arguments *args ) {
● int g;
● int n_pixels = w * h;
●
● for(g=0;g<n_pixels;g++) {
● int x, y; // the pixel of interest
● int a, b, c, d; // the pixels adjacent to x,y used for the calculation
● int r; // the result of calculate
●
● y = g / w;
● x = g - (w * y);
●
● if (x == 0 || y == 0 || x == w - 1 || y == h - 1) {
● outcome[g] = 0;
● } else {
● a = g + w;
● b = g - 1;
● c = g + 1;
● d = g - w;
●
● r = (in[g] * 4) + (in[a] * -1) + (in[b] * -1) + (in[c] * -1)
● + (in[d] * -1);
●
● if (r > 0) { // if the result is positive this is an edge pixel
● out[g] = 255;
● } else {
● out[g] = 0;
● }
● }
● }
● }
●
● void *dect_edge(void *args){
● edge(picture, outcome, args);
● }
●
● void tidy_and_exit() {
● exit(0);
● }
●
● void sigint_callback(int signal_number){
● printf("\nInterrupt from keyboard\n");
● tidy_and_exit();
● }
●
● static void display() {
● glClear(GL_COLOR_BUFFER_BIT);
● glRasterPos4i(-1, -1, 0, 1);
● glDrawPixels(w, h, GL_LUMINANCE, GL_UNSIGNED_BYTE, picture);
● glRasterPos4i(0, -1, 0, 1);
● glDrawPixels(w, h, GL_LUMINANCE, GL_UNSIGNED_BYTE, outcome);
● glFlush();
● }
●
● static void key_pressed(unsigned char key, int x, int y) {
● switch(key){
● case 27: // escape
● tidy_and_exit();
● break;
● default:
● printf("\nPress escape to exit\n");
● break;
● }
● }
●
● int main(int argc, char **argv) {
● signal(SIGINT, sigint_callback);
● struct timespec start, finish;
● long long int timeelapsed;
●
●
● clock_gettime(CLOCK_MONOTONIC, &start);
● signal(SIGINT, sigint_callback);
●
● printf("image dimensions %dx%d\n", w, h);
●
● pthread_t th1, th2, th3, th4;
●
● th_arguments th1_arguments;
● th1_arguments.start = 0;
● th1_arguments.stride = 4;
●
● th_arguments th2_arguments;
● th2_arguments.start = 1;
● th2_arguments.stride = 4;
●
● th_arguments th3_arguments;
● th3_arguments.start = 2;
● th3_arguments.stride = 4;
●
● th_arguments th4_arguments;
● th4_arguments.start = 3;
● th4_arguments.stride = 4;
●
● void edge();
●
● pthread_create(&th1, NULL, dect_edge, &th1_arguments);
● pthread_create(&th2, NULL, dect_edge, &th2_arguments);
● pthread_create(&th3, NULL, dect_edge, &th3_arguments);
● pthread_create(&th4, NULL, dect_edge, &th4_arguments);
●
● pthread_join(th1, NULL);
● pthread_join(th2, NULL);
● pthread_join(th3, NULL);
● pthread_join(th4, NULL);
●
● clock_gettime(CLOCK_MONOTONIC, &finish);
● timedifference(&start, &finish, &timeelapsed);
● printf("The time taken is: %lldns or %0.9lfs\n", timeelapsed,
(timeelapsed/1.0e9));
●
● glutInit(&argc, argv);
● glutInitWindowSize(w * 2,h);
● glutInitDisplayMode(GLUT_SINGLE | GLUT_LUMINANCE);
●
● glutCreateWindow("6CS005 Image Progessing Courework");
● glutDisplayFunc(display);
● glutKeyboardFunc(key_pressed);
● glClearColor(0.0, 1.0, 0.0, 1.0);
●
● glutMainLoop();
●
● tidy_and_exit();
●
● return 0;
● }
●
● unsigned char picture[] =
{255,255,255,255,255,255,255,255,255,255,255,255,255,255,255,255,255,255,
● 255,255,255,255,255,255,255,255,255,255,255,255,255,255,255,255,255,255,255,
● 255,255,255,255,255,255,255,255,255,255,255,255,255,255,255,255,255,255,255,
● 255,255,255,255,255,255,255,255,255,255,255,255,255,255,255,255,255,255,255,
● 255,255,255,255,255,255,255,255,255,255,255,255,255,255,255,255,255,255,255,
● 255,255,255,255,255,255,255,255,255,255,255,255,255,255,255,255,255,255,255,
● 255,255,255,255,255,255,255,255,255,255,255,255,255,255,255,255,255,255,255,
● 255,255,255,255,255,255,255,255,255,255,255,255,255,255,255,255,255,255,255,
● 255,255,255,255,255,255,255,255,255,255,255,255,255,255,255,255,255,255,255,
● 255,255,255,255,255,255,255,255,255,255,255,255,255,255,255,255,255,255,255,
● 255,255,255,255,255,255,255,255,255,255,255,255,255,255,255,255,255,255,255,
● 255,255,255,255,255,255,255,255,255,255,255,255,255,255,255,255,255,255,255,
● 255,255,255,255,255,255,255,255,255,255,255,255,255,255,255,255,255,255,255,
● 255,255,255,255,255,255,255,255,255,255,255,255,255,255,255,255,255,255,255,
● 255,255,255,255,255,255,255,255,255,255,255,255,255,255,255,255,255,255,255,
● 255,255,255,255,255,255,255,255,255,255,255,255,255,255,255,255,255,255,255,
● 255,255,255,255,255,255,255,255,255,255,255,255,255,255,255,255,255,255,255,
● 255,255,255,255,255,255,255,255,255,255,255,255,255,255,255,255,255,255,255,
● 255,255,255,255,255,255,255,255,255,255,255,255,255,255,255,255,255,255,255,
● 255,255,255,255,255,255,255,255,255,255,255,255,255,255,255,255,255,255,255,
● 255,255,255,255,255,255,255,255,255,255,255,255,255,255,255,255,255,255,255,
● 255,255,255,255,255,255,255,255,255,255,255,255,255,255,255,255,255,255,255,
● 255,255,255,255,255,255,255,255,255,255,255,255,255,255,255,255,255,255,255,
● 255,255,255,255,255,255,255,255,255,255,255,255,255,255,255,255,255,255,255,
● 255,255,255,255,255,255,255,255,255,255,255,255,255,255,255,255,255,255,255,
● 255,255,255,255,255,255,255,255,255,255,255,255,255,255,255,255,255,255,255,
● 255,255,255,255,255,255,255,255,255,255,255,255,255,255,255,255,255,255,255,
● 255,255,255,255,255,255,255,255,255,255,255,255,255,255,255,255,255,255,255,
● 255,255,255,255,255,255,255,255,255,255,255,255,255,255,255,255,255,255,255,
● 255,255,255,255,255,255,255,255,255,255,255,255,255,255,255,255,255,255,255,
● 255,255,255,255,255,255,255,255,255,255,255,255,255,255,255,255,255,255,255,
● 255,255,255,255,255,255,255,255,255,255,255,255,255,255,255,255,255,255,255,
● 255,255,255,255,255,255,255,255,255,255,255,255,255,255,255,255,255,255,255,
● 255,255,255,255,255,255,255,255,255,255,255,255,255,255,255,255,255,255,255,
● 255,255,255,255,255,255,255,255,255,255,255,255,255,255,255,255,255,255,255,
● 255,255,255,255,255,255,255,255,255,255,255,255,255,255,255,255,255,255,255,
● 255,255,255,255,255,255,255,255,255,255,255,255,255,255,255,255,255,255,255,
● 255,255,255,255,255,255,255,255,255,255,255,255,255,255,255,255,255,255,255,
● 255,255,255,255,255,255,255,255,255,255,255,255,255,255,255,255,255,255,255,
● 255,255,255,255,255,255,255,255,255,255,255,255,255,255,255,255,255,255,255,
● 255,255,255,255,255,255,255,255,255,255,255,255,255,255,255,255,255,255,255,
● 255,255,255,255,255,255,255,255,255,255,255,255,255,255,255,255,255,255,255,
● 255,255,255,255,255,255,255,255,255,255,255,255,255,255,255,255,255,255,255,
● 255,255,255,255,255,255,255,255,255,255,255,255,255,255,255,255,255,255,255,
● 255,255,255,255,255,255,255,255,255,255,255,255,255,255,255,255,255,255,255,
● 255,255,255,255,255,255,255,255,255,255,255,255,255,255,255,255,255,255,255,
● 255,255,255,255,255,255,255,255,255,255,255,255,255,255,255,255,255,255,255,
● 255,255,255,255,255,255,255,255,255,255,255,255,255,255,255,255,255,255,255,
● 255,255,255,255,255,255,255,255,255,255,255,255,255,255,255,255,255,255,255,
● 255,255,255,255,255,255,255,255,255,255,255,255,255,255,255,255,255,255,255,
● 255,255,255,255,255,255,255,255,255,255,255,255,255,255,255,255,255,255,255,
● 255,255,255,255,255,255,255,255,255,255,255,255,255,255,255,255,255,255,255,
● 255,255,255,255,255,255,255,255,255,255,255,255,255,255,255,255,255,255,255,
● 255,255,255,255,255,255,255,255,255,255,255,255,255,255,255,255,255,255,255,
● 255,255,255,255,255,255,255,255,255,255,255,255,255,255,255,255,255,255,255,
● 255,255,255,255,255,255,255,255,255,255,255,255,255,255,255,255,255,255,255,
● 255,255,255,255,255,255,255,255,255,255,255,255,255,255,255,255,255,255,255,
● 255,255,255,255,255,255,255,255,255,255,255,255,255,255,255,255,255,255,255,
● 255,255,255,255,255,255,255,255,255,255,255,255,255,255,255,255,255,255,255,
● 255,255,255,255,255,255,255,255,255,255,255,255,255,255,255,255,255,255,255,
● 255,255,255,255,255,255,255,255,255,255,255,255,255,255,255,255,255,255,255,
● 255,255,255,255,255,255,255,255,255,255,255,255,255,255,255,255,0,0,0,
● 0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,255,255,255,255,255,
● 255,255,255,255,255,255,255,255,255,255,255,255,255,255,255,255,255,255,255,
● 255,255,0,255,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,
● 0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,
● 0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,255,255,255,255,255,255,255,255,255,255,
● 255,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,
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● 255,255,255,255,255,255,255,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,255,255,255,
● 255,255,255,255,255,255,255,255,255,255,255,255,255,255,255,255,255,255,255,
● 255,255,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,
● 0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,255,255,255,255,255,255,255,255,255,0,
● 0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,255,255,
● 255,255,255,255,255,255,255,255,255,255,255,255,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,
● 0,0,0,255,255,255,255,255,255,255,255,255,255,255,255,255,255,255,255,
● 255,255,255,255,255,255,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,
● 0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,255,255,255,255,255,
● 255,255,255,0,0,255,255,255,255,255,255,255,255,255,255,255,255,255,255,
● 255,0,0,255,255,255,255,255,255,255,255,255,255,255,255,255,255,0,0,
● 0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,255,255,255,255,255,255,255,255,255,255,
● 255,255,255,255,255,255,255,255,255,255,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,
● 0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,
● 255,255,255,255,255,255,255,255,0,0,255,255,255,255,255,255,255,255,255,
● 255,255,255,255,255,255,255,0,255,255,255,255,255,255,255,255,255,255,255,
● 255,255,255,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,255,255,255,255,
● 255,255,255,255,255,255,255,255,255,255,255,255,255,0,0,0,0,0,0,
● 0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,
● 0,0,0,0,0,255,255,255,255,255,255,255,255,0,0,255,0,0,0,
● 0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,255,255,255,255,255,255,
● 255,255,255,255,255,255,255,255,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,
● 0,0,0,255,255,255,255,255,255,255,255,255,255,255,255,255,0,0,0,
● 0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,
● 0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,255,255,255,255,255,255,255,255,0,
● 0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,255,
● 255,255,255,255,255,255,255,255,255,255,255,255,255,0,0,0,0,0,0,
● 0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,
● 0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,
● 0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,255,255,255,255,
● 255,255,255,255,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,
● 0,0,0,0,255,255,255,255,255,255,255,255,255,255,255,255,255,255,0,
● 0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,
● 0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,
● 0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,
● 0,255,255,255,255,255,255,255,255,0,255,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,
● 0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,255,255,255,255,255,255,255,255,255,255,
● 255,255,255,255,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,
● 0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,
● 0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,
● 0,0,0,0,0,0,255,255,255,255,255,255,255,255,0,255,0,0,0,
● 0,255,0,0,0,0,255,255,255,255,255,255,0,0,255,255,255,255,255,
● 255,255,255,255,255,255,255,255,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,
● 0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,
● 0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,
● 0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,255,255,255,255,255,255,255,255,
● 0,255,0,0,0,0,255,0,0,0,0,255,255,255,255,255,255,0,0,
● 255,255,255,255,255,255,255,255,255,255,255,255,255,0,0,0,0,0,0,
● 0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,
● 0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,
● 0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,255,255,255,255,
● 255,255,255,255,255,0,255,0,0,0,0,255,0,0,0,0,255,255,255,
● 255,255,255,0,0,255,255,255,255,255,255,255,255,255,255,255,255,255,0,
● 0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,
● 0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,
● 0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,
● 0,255,255,255,255,255,255,255,255,0,0,255,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,
● 0,0,255,255,255,255,255,255,0,0,255,255,255,255,255,255,255,255,255,
● 255,255,255,255,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,
● 0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,
● 0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,
● 0,0,0,0,0,0,255,255,255,255,255,255,255,255,0,0,255,0,0,
● 0,0,0,0,0,0,255,255,255,255,255,255,255,0,255,255,255,255,255,
● 255,255,255,255,255,255,255,255,255,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,
● 0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,
● 0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,
● 0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,255,255,255,255,255,255,255,255,
● 0,0,255,255,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,255,255,255,255,255,255,255,0,
● 255,255,255,255,255,255,255,255,255,255,255,255,255,255,255,0,0,0,0,
● 0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,
● 0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,
● 0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,255,255,255,255,
● 255,255,255,255,255,0,0,255,255,255,0,0,0,0,0,255,255,255,255,
● 255,255,255,255,0,255,255,255,255,255,255,255,255,255,255,255,255,255,255,
● 255,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,
● 0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,
● 0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,
● 0,255,255,255,255,255,255,255,255,255,0,0,255,255,255,255,255,255,255,
● 255,255,255,255,255,255,255,255,255,0,255,255,255,255,255,255,255,255,255,
● 255,255,255,255,255,255,255,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,
● 0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,
● 0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,
● 0,0,0,0,0,255,255,255,255,255,255,255,255,255,255,0,0,0,0,
● 0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,255,255,255,255,
● 255,255,255,255,255,255,255,255,255,255,255,255,255,0,0,0,0,0,0,
● 0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,
● 0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,
● 0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,255,255,255,255,255,255,255,255,255,255,255,
● 255,255,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,
● 255,255,255,255,255,255,255,255,255,255,255,255,255,255,255,255,255,255,255,
● 255,255,255,255,255,255,255,255,255,255,255,255,255,255,255,255,255,255,255,
 ● 255,255,255,255,255,255,255,255,255,255,255,255,255,255,255,255,255,255,255,
● 255,255,255,255,255,255,255,255,255,255,255,255,255,255,255,255,255,255,255,
● 255,255,255,255,255,255,255,255,255,255,255,255,255,255,255,255,255,255,255,
● 255,255,255,255,255,255,255,255,255,255,255,255,255,255,255,255,255,255,255,
● 255,255,255,255,255,255,255,255,255,255,255,255,255,255,255,255,255,255,255,
● 255,255,255,255,255,255,255,255,255,255,255,255,255,255,255,255,255,255,255,
● 255,255,255,255,255,255,255,255,255,255,255,255,255,255,255,255,255,255,255,
● 255,255,255,255,255,255,255,255,255,255,255,255,255,255,255,255,255,255,255,
● 255,255,255,255,255,255,255,255,255,255,255,255,255,255,255,255,255,255,255,
● 255,255,255,255,255,255,255,255,255,255,255,255,255,255,255,255,255,255,255,
● 255,255,255,255,255,255,255,255,255,255,255,255,255,255,255,255,255,255,255,
● 255,255,255,255,255,255,255,255,255,255,255,255,255,255,255,255,255,255,255,
● 255,255,255,255,255,255,255,255,255,255,255,255,255,255,255,255,255,255,255,
● 255,255,255,255,255,255,255,255,255,255,255,255,255,255,255,255,255,255,255,
● 255,255,255,255,255,255,255,255,255,255,255,255,255,255,255,255,255,255,255,
● 255,255,255,255,255,255,255,255,255,255,255,255,255,255,255,255,255,255,255,
● 255,255,255,255,255,255,255,255,255,255,255,255,255,255,255,255,255,255,255,
● 255,255,255,255,255,255,255,255,255,255,255,255,255,255,255,255,255,255,255,
● 255,255,255,255,255,255,255,255,255,255,255,255,255,255,255,255,255,255,255,
● 255,255,255,255,255,255,255,255,255,255,255,255,255,255,255,255,255,255,255,
● 255,255,255,255,255,255,255,255,255,255,255,255,255,255,255,255,255,255,255,
● 255,255,255,255,255,255,255,255,255,255,255,255,255,255,255,255,255,255,255,
● 255,255,255,255,255,255,255,255,255,255,255,255,255,255,255,255,255,255,255,
● 255,255,255,255,255,255,255,255,255,255,255,255,255,255,255,255,255,255,255,
● 255,255,255,255,255,255,255,255,255,255,255,255,255,255,255,255,255,255,255
● };

Insert a table that has columns containing running times for the original program and your multithread
version. Mean running times should be included at the bottom of the columns.

Original program
Multithreaded program

Insert an explanation of the results presented in the above table.

The mean result time for original file was 0.0003sec and the thread one was 0.0007sec. In the threaded
program, 8 threads were initialized and created. This resulted in a increase of mean time by 0.0004 sec.

135.2 Linear Regression

Insert a scatter plot of your data.
Have 3 guesses at the optimum values for m and c and present them in a graph that overlays your data.
Insert a graph that presents your data with the solution overlaid.
Insert a comment that compares your guesses with the solution found.

Code for multithreaded for detecting edges

● #include <stdio.h>
● #include <math.h>
● #include <time.h>
● #include <pthread.h>
●
● /******************************************************************************
● * This program takes an initial estimate of m and c and finds the associated
● * rms error. It is then as a base to generate and evaluate 8 new estimates,
● * which are steps in different directions in m-c space. The best estimate is
● * then used as the base for another iteration of "generate and evaluate". This
● * continues until none of the new estimates are better than the base. This is
● * a gradient search for a minimum in mc-space.
● *
● * To compile:
● * cc -o lr_coursework lr_coursework.c -lm
● *
● * To run:
● * ./lr_coursework
● *
● * Dr Kevan Buckley, University of Wolverhampton, 2018
● *****************************************************************************/
●
● typedef struct point_t {
● double x;
● double y;
● } point_t;
●
● int n_data = 1000;
● point_t data[];
●
● double residual_error(double x, double y, double m, double c) {
● double e = (m * x) + c - y;
● return e * e;
● }
●
● double rms_error(double m, double c) {
● int i;
● double mean;
● double error_sum = 0;
●
● for(i=0; i<n_data; i++) {
● error_sum += residual_error(data[i].x, data[i].y, m, c);
● }
●
● mean = error_sum / n_data;
●
● return sqrt(mean);
● }
●
● int timedifference(struct timespec *start,
● struct timespec *finish,
● long long int *difference) {
● long long int dsec = finish->tv_sec - start->tv_sec;
● long long int dnsec = finish->tv_nsec - start->tv_nsec;
●
● if(dnsec < 0) {
● dsec--;
● dnsec += 1000000000;
● }
● *difference = dsec * 1000000000 + dnsec;
● return !(*difference > 0);
● }
●
● int main() {
● int i;
● double bm = 1.3;
● double bc = 10;
● double be;
● double dm[8];
● double dc[8];
● double e[8];
● double step = 0.01;
● double best_error = 999999999;
● int best_error_i;
● int minimum_found = 0;
●
● double om[] = {0,1,1, 1, 0,-1,-1,-1};
● double oc[] = {1,1,0,-1,-1,-1, 0, 1};
●
● be = rms_error(bm, bc);
●
● pthread_t th_1[i];
●
● struct timespec start, finish;
● long long int timeelapsed;
●
● clock_gettime(CLOCK_MONOTONIC, &start);
●
● while(!minimum_found) {
● for(i=0;i<8;i++) {
● dm[i] = bm + (om[i] * step);
● dc[i] = bc + (oc[i] * step);
● }
●
● for(i=0;i<8;i++) {
● e[i] = rms_error(dm[i], dc[i]);
● if(e[i] < best_error) {
●
● pthread_create(&th_1[i], NULL, (void *)rms_error, e);
●
●
● pthread_join(th_1[i], NULL);
●
●
● best_error = e[i];
● best_error_i = i;
● }
● }
●
● printf("best m,c is %lf,%lf with error %lf in direction %d\n",
● dm[best_error_i], dc[best_error_i], best_error, best_error_i);
● if(best_error < be) {
● be = best_error;
● bm = dm[best_error_i];
● bc = dc[best_error_i];
● } else {
● minimum_found = 1;
● }
● }
● printf("minimum m,c is %lf,%lf with error %lf\n", bm, bc, be);
●
● clock_gettime(CLOCK_MONOTONIC, &finish);
● timedifference(&start, &finish, &timeelapsed);
● printf("The time taken is: %lldns or %0.9lfs\n", timeelapsed,
(timeelapsed/1.0e9));
●
● return 0;
● }
●
● point_t data[] = {
● {77.71,118.37},{79.99,117.25},{69.06,122.31},{69.44,97.80},
● {78.39,133.72},{75.10,116.40},{72.92,100.75},{66.00,107.78},
● {78.42,135.07},{ 1.98,27.38},{44.30,98.30},{12.89,54.55},
● {50.28,81.23},{ 0.87,32.41},{60.11,103.89},{61.07,95.05},
● {57.58,94.71},{13.53,42.89},{85.53,147.68},{66.85,96.47},
● {89.65,145.23},{59.58,114.64},{53.38,85.22},{10.20,40.31},
● {83.60,114.19},{ 7.48,17.31},{80.00,117.22},{52.39,86.20},
● {53.09,98.96},{90.75,128.71},{97.80,146.45},{19.76,30.07},
● {73.05,98.86},{47.12,96.59},{16.89, 7.56},{42.79,65.89},
● {78.08,116.52},{22.14,35.28},{ 8.32,34.35},{80.45,118.18},
● {13.46,30.08},{98.94,148.92},{14.74,61.82},{23.09,60.07},
● {73.49,134.11},{38.21,66.26},{ 7.08,13.11},{40.65,102.52},
● { 4.92,26.25},{72.74,128.55},{25.25,33.78},{71.87,115.97},
● {73.70,125.19},{75.21,121.60},{47.52,85.10},{51.48,77.13},
● {69.78,112.68},{74.89,120.82},{41.59,76.25},{ 6.25,21.02},
● {53.77,92.85},{83.60,133.92},{13.30,33.67},{81.35,146.79},
● {20.63,47.13},{75.03,113.14},{29.91,61.69},{40.32,64.97},
● {26.41,64.73},{30.93,48.34},{50.20,66.71},{83.38,135.77},
● {46.28,84.61},{52.76,98.56},{89.02,133.43},{47.94,69.37},
● {86.83,127.83},{41.09,72.44},{86.41,124.49},{75.35,112.22},
● {27.19,45.42},{79.23,122.70},{79.94,122.33},{ 2.55,29.54},
● {23.62,34.45},{17.62,60.87},{61.60,110.86},{33.60,43.98},
● {98.29,129.36},{96.42,159.26},{97.06,153.63},{23.54,63.41},
● {92.21,124.73},{93.80,143.77},{99.21,141.99},{37.77,76.65},
● {60.85,108.71},{32.82,76.23},{58.21,99.66},{41.05,67.89},
● {20.40,44.63},{96.85,118.68},{93.03,151.95},{96.12,143.23},
● { 2.38,26.53},{74.99,117.20},{41.23,75.18},{ 1.22,15.65},
● {86.09,140.03},{32.13,71.68},{ 5.24,36.52},{ 3.37,31.88},
● {88.79,143.02},{74.29,132.13},{78.39,133.92},{48.90,83.32},
● {35.85,61.90},{61.94,99.71},{55.87,100.07},{53.60,98.75},
● { 7.87,57.98},{18.03,54.82},{38.16,64.94},{97.60,152.45},
● {83.75,132.52},{ 7.46,35.02},{45.36,90.96},{14.30,52.57},
● {91.74,134.30},{84.93,131.68},{91.39,143.15},{22.66,50.78},
● {56.21,114.58},{ 2.93,31.36},{24.46,59.05},{80.63,109.87},
● {11.44,37.10},{63.49,111.92},{ 9.43,36.66},{61.90,106.73},
● {33.41,64.37},{28.01,62.66},{68.99,115.81},{31.88,77.88},
● {41.96,66.67},{56.29,93.49},{54.32,89.16},{21.69,43.79},
● {98.14,141.51},{86.27,143.26},{13.78,39.65},{55.31,79.25},
● {78.78,129.62},{75.89,114.13},{62.17,99.07},{ 2.85,20.60},
● {26.17,58.13},{73.04,110.64},{82.63,138.70},{81.45,134.00},
● {83.51,126.17},{65.61,89.46},{87.80,156.70},{37.41,84.56},
● {66.08,117.32},{40.79,54.80},{33.53,65.25},{41.04,72.05},
● {66.82,96.09},{64.98,99.59},{ 0.48,14.04},{ 3.79,27.94},
● {75.75,112.43},{13.40,26.16},{71.22,124.57},{76.30,127.05},
● {20.79,32.42},{50.82,96.31},{20.31,50.97},{90.14,139.39},
● {38.36,72.64},{30.21,58.75},{21.07,41.05},{49.10,85.66},
● {56.15,83.49},{95.58,145.48},{38.99,72.62},{77.33,127.70},
● {18.89,27.48},{60.60,92.75},{82.51,158.13},{36.16,78.41},
● {32.93,46.63},{95.76,156.67},{87.48,128.92},{39.63,67.11},
● {26.92,43.70},{21.68,43.05},{ 5.25,21.22},{94.31,151.40},
● {36.46,48.57},{86.11,143.05},{76.03,117.55},{93.51,148.78},
● {28.82,36.20},{42.91,63.78},{42.68,73.03},{ 1.56,23.66},
● {72.77,96.96},{12.89,37.54},{76.73,104.42},{13.11,37.49},
● {79.24,122.47},{19.77,51.97},{97.41,167.81},{36.15,66.21},
● {85.83,141.64},{97.81,140.42},{19.79,44.90},{60.73,100.93},
● {71.57,109.06},{61.08,99.11},{26.65,56.85},{83.86,118.62},
● {71.71,102.11},{95.39,157.38},{62.06,109.50},{51.76,96.57},
● {87.21,151.31},{42.84,87.45},{77.11,127.24},{93.93,132.40},
● {14.07,34.64},{76.22,107.11},{91.14,130.17},{41.13,93.39},
● {45.86,65.70},{44.29,84.05},{88.13,129.71},{83.78,128.84},
● {47.64,76.55},{43.71,89.37},{45.24,69.61},{41.40,73.34},
● {78.05,115.35},{73.60,130.53},{51.39,76.25},{ 5.36,37.32},
● {98.60,134.79},{55.74,107.52},{80.27,130.95},{55.86,112.57},
● {76.90,132.49},{70.12,99.17},{37.98,63.30},{59.69,87.79},
● {27.60,59.93},{ 7.85,13.81},{91.31,142.38},{61.71,90.80},
● { 3.53,20.92},{43.51,70.62},{67.48,111.76},{51.69,89.26},
● {42.72,73.83},{62.41,84.52},{ 6.93,39.03},{53.73,72.68},
● {78.51,134.77},{ 0.04,12.87},{32.23,69.84},{47.65,89.71},
● {20.63,40.80},{31.71,64.32},{79.65,119.23},{44.49,80.50},
● {15.85,71.07},{79.52,126.35},{49.54,76.21},{65.93,95.92},
● {80.63,109.78},{ 3.89,18.16},{78.08,132.04},{13.10,18.05},
● { 8.09,48.23},{71.70,102.45},{39.58,73.17},{50.35,87.03},
● { 1.63,19.98},{43.46,81.78},{20.67,30.42},{41.44,84.93},
● {48.79,82.65},{43.40,87.03},{27.04,78.79},{54.44,86.12},
● {25.95,59.95},{68.03,121.75},{31.42,61.04},{61.36,110.79},
● {21.85,64.55},{19.03,37.01},{67.99,130.99},{22.70,56.76},
● {13.20,28.61},{53.60,88.43},{ 9.53,37.45},{94.33,131.89},
● {85.92,136.44},{77.44,116.76},{85.34,119.62},{32.78,64.06},
● {33.77,74.14},{15.69,39.03},{45.25,68.73},{70.58,101.24},
● {81.07,121.24},{84.05,111.60},{28.02,49.85},{42.92,75.76},
● {64.33,114.30},{54.02,102.96},{25.63,34.36},{13.15,34.17},
● {72.20,102.12},{25.95,60.98},{11.33,32.68},{12.57,42.62},
● {75.81,118.49},{33.39,75.99},{47.08,78.23},{41.85,80.72},
● {32.80,54.82},{61.02,98.56},{51.27,83.86},{15.76,53.40},
● {16.74,39.72},{55.21,96.87},{41.06,87.73},{44.64,70.94},
● { 6.37,28.78},{72.32,102.31},{19.40,44.87},{33.49,43.03},
● {73.66,130.70},{33.05,63.86},{ 9.44,28.35},{93.85,143.55},
● {88.61,131.82},{18.18,32.11},{85.96,137.80},{62.64,108.88},
● {44.87,65.03},{ 7.97,29.72},{97.26,146.68},{88.75,128.80},
● {27.41,50.93},{29.15,57.13},{ 8.87,31.25},{ 4.10,41.36},
● {22.94,53.20},{55.52,107.71},{35.11,63.22},{28.63,60.14},
● {47.21,72.73},{36.78,67.44},{20.55,52.79},{76.51,136.88},
● {40.00,74.92},{69.58,118.32},{25.26,65.70},{24.34,55.95},
● {29.39,48.23},{55.09,98.80},{22.29,42.40},{ 3.57,33.11},
● {23.99,57.04},{25.25,61.68},{ 6.29, 4.79},{46.72,69.01},
● {88.43,154.62},{49.62,83.67},{57.38,108.12},{ 1.65,32.45},
● {14.21,40.08},{51.90,108.16},{23.59,62.75},{ 1.38,15.38},
● {72.16,110.86},{23.69,63.86},{26.81,68.93},{58.09,96.22},
● { 3.11,31.31},{16.93,23.06},{20.73,47.49},{68.43,112.12},
● {89.41,125.83},{38.03,70.19},{88.91,127.64},{15.60,37.27},
● {79.80,130.93},{58.62,94.38},{97.38,161.61},{82.35,133.83},
● {12.41,56.68},{76.26,130.66},{99.68,140.59},{41.95,69.47},
● {67.29,107.94},{63.46,119.31},{58.18,94.67},{52.51,70.40},
● { 4.92,22.25},{38.59,73.84},{93.82,142.33},{84.56,125.48},
● {27.33,73.83},{78.09,125.10},{27.32,52.72},{63.51,101.17},
● {69.23,107.72},{71.50,129.66},{47.09,88.65},{ 1.69,12.36},
● {14.43,29.88},{25.03,50.90},{87.32,138.41},{ 7.33,26.36},
● {42.44,73.18},{81.54,138.65},{21.00,42.17},{20.01,60.70},
● {10.91,50.60},{72.92,134.81},{25.72,47.36},{74.81,115.12},
● {43.02,69.35},{ 7.49,17.92},{16.01,62.76},{47.61,78.91},
● {63.03,114.84},{41.47,70.16},{10.99,43.14},{65.29,122.99},
● {84.13,151.79},{31.56,72.09},{42.02,66.99},{75.43,122.59},
● {66.67,108.12},{94.41,136.84},{65.70,104.84},{28.83,45.17},
● {83.23,115.45},{83.22,132.69},{25.34,40.08},{39.41,77.42},
● {86.43,137.37},{82.92,138.46},{77.39,130.12},{27.93,71.13},
● { 5.98,14.68},{53.22,102.60},{69.02,125.95},{31.21,52.17},
● {60.89,96.81},{72.29,127.61},{59.73,97.42},{ 3.41,34.91},
● {67.59,102.83},{ 3.52,25.26},{22.92,43.58},{ 9.56,35.27},
● {75.71,118.93},{74.50,99.32},{75.97,109.67},{98.54,144.18},
● {42.28,84.20},{11.03,49.30},{58.27,97.63},{68.86,115.18},
● {18.28,39.07},{94.18,140.02},{85.29,139.47},{90.94,122.07},
● {85.45,142.35},{24.99,57.95},{13.13,45.83},{11.05,36.79},
● {34.63,68.62},{82.21,123.38},{77.92,125.53},{49.74,101.96},
● {44.84,89.51},{55.42,82.02},{45.86,75.45},{75.20,123.93},
● {86.83,129.61},{55.84,96.01},{94.94,161.02},{ 6.08,40.37},
● {93.48,143.56},{69.31,108.07},{ 8.44,50.11},{90.19,124.44},
● { 7.76,39.72},{50.86,86.96},{75.60,120.34},{26.92,60.22},
● {90.61,147.35},{28.75,47.08},{10.09,29.92},{41.39,85.20},
● {42.61,89.96},{70.80,128.41},{95.80,150.46},{ 5.24,32.06},
● {38.48,81.51},{ 1.84,20.27},{76.81,115.18},{94.45,149.21},
● {97.84,147.80},{29.87,65.79},{89.72,124.70},{61.41,108.91},
● {61.92,93.34},{93.02,138.49},{40.00,99.11},{93.69,140.55},
● {49.15,79.54},{15.09,38.92},{72.51,110.53},{58.69,98.46},
● {19.89,43.37},{30.08,53.34},{65.85,108.89},{24.23,61.85},
● { 4.00,18.71},{83.31,136.71},{95.61,155.94},{ 6.06,27.71},
● {32.15,60.19},{52.35,87.88},{32.47,57.17},{18.16,31.09},
● {30.95,70.51},{ 3.06,28.73},{67.59,105.87},{32.85,72.58},
● {36.83,59.70},{94.38,143.76},{64.11,123.13},{ 3.82,47.87},
● { 0.05, 7.22},{97.38,138.16},{61.43,95.61},{48.82,71.95},
● {40.72,83.12},{27.25,49.60},{68.62,119.62},{38.86,86.99},
● {84.41,129.27},{50.41,94.42},{58.25,84.50},{76.15,115.62},
● {98.74,157.68},{85.86,123.04},{75.11,121.87},{ 2.08,24.96},
● { 0.61,16.67},{44.85,62.44},{24.40,56.84},{27.55,74.58},
● {35.04,50.21},{ 8.12,36.09},{82.93,122.09},{ 7.23,22.68},
● {84.75,149.08},{98.09,135.56},{44.72,82.11},{56.69,99.54},
● {73.44,108.31},{89.69,146.60},{15.68,52.36},{61.02,97.96},
● {82.44,125.94},{15.20,37.46},{95.25,133.23},{63.12,116.50},
● {61.00,90.26},{97.78,143.63},{26.50,63.40},{49.85,69.20},
● { 9.59,29.31},{65.87,108.15},{85.70,120.68},{24.60,49.25},
● {37.32,63.35},{24.52,39.37},{45.29,98.28},{ 2.40,23.86},
● {37.13,61.72},{18.83,46.26},{61.99,89.33},{10.78,35.44},
● {96.87,140.16},{74.81,124.22},{92.42,150.59},{ 3.93,27.67},
● {98.50,151.73},{83.89,138.01},{13.44,29.08},{12.43,63.45},
● {59.00,107.05},{ 8.87,39.62},{95.43,137.76},{33.46,78.39},
● {81.86,127.60},{62.80,82.03},{51.12,98.72},{ 6.46,22.45},
● {34.17,71.95},{46.53,62.89},{51.89,86.67},{99.81,159.73},
● {15.53,25.82},{27.02,53.90},{ 6.74,21.51},{ 8.39,46.49},
● { 4.18,26.44},{12.12,28.82},{12.32,29.01},{20.52,68.74},
● { 4.35,41.51},{36.92,40.93},{ 3.02,22.89},{31.95,65.75},
● {88.17,130.42},{47.20,73.61},{28.83,46.88},{83.22,129.91},
● { 1.91, 6.78},{67.76,92.99},{20.53,46.48},{11.65,37.44},
● { 6.69,19.11},{ 5.65,24.92},{46.45,67.67},{86.36,126.52},
● {53.65,92.55},{79.46,117.67},{ 1.93,18.91},{65.19,124.83},
● { 8.60,33.39},{53.01,88.02},{ 4.10,16.66},{19.55,47.08},
● {70.43,106.99},{68.46,131.30},{43.00,88.27},{ 1.09,23.86},
● {49.10,88.88},{38.80,71.23},{48.58,56.84},{17.51,49.43},
● {86.81,136.83},{32.99,80.49},{40.77,69.47},{ 8.96,43.94},
● {77.88,112.41},{90.41,130.55},{34.68,80.40},{26.12,38.12},
● {97.31,131.87},{83.20,128.30},{49.34,92.64},{74.72,109.87},
● {65.13,96.07},{40.33,95.63},{12.69,70.18},{93.04,123.67},
● {62.77,95.33},{10.01,42.56},{50.26,91.79},{33.03,64.88},
● {35.60,74.93},{22.34,71.49},{35.91,91.66},{63.35,107.85},
● {55.45,81.38},{75.28,114.90},{83.57,143.65},{27.74,55.13},
● {54.63,93.95},{77.31,140.26},{77.35,118.13},{77.60,134.28},
● {24.18,40.23},{93.52,148.38},{89.15,134.32},{50.77,87.31},
● {67.85,103.17},{78.51,139.13},{66.65,121.66},{55.62,100.25},
● {38.93,68.47},{35.20,54.12},{48.24,81.83},{ 2.03,17.58},
● {97.45,144.40},{47.17,72.08},{23.74,35.80},{25.37,48.72},
● { 5.31,15.37},{66.74,107.76},{48.65,97.69},{98.93,160.88},
● {69.73,115.68},{65.00,105.45},{36.58,86.29},{11.47,12.24},
● {35.17,59.65},{37.79,61.17},{27.99,66.00},{70.76,107.06},
● {36.48,43.24},{30.39,38.81},{74.79,97.82},{99.11,141.48},
● {65.18,94.20},{57.64,113.19},{60.38,105.02},{ 2.51,14.01},
● { 5.64,14.90},{99.02,152.02},{85.49,139.91},{51.13,88.82},
● {91.16,139.02},{59.68,110.37},{28.17,61.92},{64.77,118.17},
● {86.11,121.95},{ 0.65,29.67},{11.52,47.82},{55.48,89.30},
● {85.96,134.27},{17.73,60.43},{72.41,127.45},{98.91,132.37},
● {23.99,52.87},{75.61,122.24},{93.47,150.85},{38.10,89.12},
● {36.36,93.40},{14.67,35.45},{19.00,28.81},{34.13,56.63},
● {25.50,53.50},{66.38,106.13},{21.23,35.13},{58.52,101.30},
● {45.48,85.22},{18.94,45.86},{36.91,71.11},{68.31,102.83},
● {48.55,76.34},{83.76,119.65},{13.59,41.19},{25.11,59.64},
● {88.34,140.80},{40.73,65.81},{75.06,117.91},{34.52,70.34},
● {60.33,112.96},{93.45,159.26},{14.69,37.71},{67.94,108.60},
● {66.55,105.72},{29.61,67.84},{54.44,86.84},{85.79,124.78},
● {94.04,143.80},{47.76,103.96},{67.79,121.88},{ 4.08,26.63},
● {66.30,118.13},{58.84,109.51},{78.38,119.86},{71.80,125.94},
● {80.36,120.93},{43.39,55.98},{62.44,80.43},{59.86,100.00},
● {52.63,89.05},{87.47,133.26},{ 4.52,41.66},{67.69,95.44},
● {25.85,50.83},{62.84,125.73},{30.62,66.84},{41.36,72.66},
● {90.15,116.95},{47.89,80.34},{66.11,113.55},{62.44,117.34},
● { 7.46,18.13},{ 2.31,22.79},{ 3.48,-2.56},{69.38,105.80},
● {71.06,102.65},{21.22,43.33},{61.68,101.09},{82.58,128.02},
● {16.07,41.68},{67.61,100.83},{92.63,136.33},{46.09,77.04},
● {58.98,89.11},{47.14,62.19},{79.96,123.29},{69.28,107.76},
● {57.66,101.57},{ 8.75,22.96},{76.37,109.15},{16.16,49.22},
● {63.84,94.16},{50.39,80.51},{23.40,46.06},{ 1.19,11.59},
● {33.56,107.61},{21.15,43.11},{50.64,105.18},{49.37,82.33},
● { 3.04,20.08},{86.17,134.57},{93.84,164.91},{37.66,72.16},
● {37.60,76.78},{31.93,62.18},{24.76,64.81},{81.81,135.08},
● {19.47,44.59},{51.06,93.21},{75.95,105.78},{45.11,84.19},
● {26.09,53.01},{65.29,111.15},{16.30,43.46},{ 3.98,37.02},
● {31.01,83.67},{36.74,80.27},{57.44,98.20},{20.22,55.81},
● {90.30,142.05},{33.02,72.78},{10.00,30.94},{48.85,100.09},
● { 8.98,38.97},{16.55,50.11},{41.77,75.79},{85.21,117.09},
● { 7.76,16.77},{ 4.85,28.72},{51.86,86.07},{95.10,149.69},
● { 6.01,14.26},{88.88,149.08},{91.29,135.31},{90.04,127.70},
● {87.74,140.95},{82.55,134.69},{35.17,77.45},{24.19,51.84},
● {10.17,33.81},{91.68,139.46},{ 3.79,29.42},{78.61,127.21},
● {19.41,48.24},{56.46,83.05},{16.64,44.55},{67.28,114.50},
 ● {85.25,127.93},{90.71,131.57},{95.99,161.52},{ 2.47,22.18},
● {51.76,86.07},{16.01,47.34},{80.02,127.68},{76.54,104.42},
● {69.92,109.39},{15.84,43.24},{57.14,97.97},{10.51,36.98},
● {83.47,136.46},{75.61,106.65},{58.51,98.79},{69.56,124.26},
● {76.79,102.97},{26.32,62.18},{52.91,84.21},{68.31,100.40},
● {29.00,47.75},{47.07,80.94},{13.08,48.23},{21.29,47.84},
● {96.08,138.90},{73.92,111.23},{44.28,79.11},{38.58,71.59},
● {30.00,61.29},{59.70,102.57},{89.92,136.71},{22.75,50.13},
● {56.49,78.08},{85.09,123.94},{66.34,101.70},{81.95,139.69},
● {53.94,82.47},{53.59,109.38},{61.26,93.45},{85.31,153.15},
● {10.04,31.69},{46.56,82.32},{87.62,140.91},{37.29,68.26},
● {89.50,152.28},{64.42,118.71},{54.39,82.86},{40.36,65.47},
● {99.30,157.10},{58.89,110.67},{ 7.79,27.51},{30.56,57.76},
● {25.36,53.57},{30.97,52.82},{43.58,66.82},{42.36,65.37},
● {93.76,158.15},{82.47,125.24},{91.63,156.91},{78.72,105.92},
● {31.87,62.72},{82.22,127.72},{64.74,103.19},{31.55,59.89},
● {80.05,107.74},{92.46,143.29},{60.94,97.23},{68.53,108.77},
● {85.14,120.73},{68.38,122.31},{80.44,114.39},{39.21,62.39},
● {24.66,43.93},{22.87,49.86},{58.84,104.78},{99.98,153.75},
● {69.48,113.97},{34.39,57.97},{83.36,138.58},{71.68,114.77},
● {44.75,80.05},{ 9.39,40.75},{63.47,103.88},{47.26,84.64},
● {29.85,66.80},{16.55,63.13},{51.43,89.78},{69.16,95.26},
● {64.46,115.19},{63.15,104.10},{69.83,109.62},{99.17,146.82},
● {25.56,45.36},{51.14,84.62},{75.33,113.95},{29.84,80.08},
● {52.39,92.98},{79.23,113.80},{11.40,23.76},{26.31,58.95},
● {93.83,152.10},{53.62,74.22},{ 2.21,18.99},{16.19,58.50},
● { 0.69,26.72},{86.80,127.51},{39.37,82.93},{27.86,65.81},
● {64.34,90.19},{ 0.21,18.49},{16.40,42.73},{27.58,53.62},
● {31.50,75.06},{69.92,120.33},{93.68,145.77},{33.52,52.58},
● {44.61,66.12},{31.67,65.82},{50.45,70.54},{45.07,76.15}
● };

Insert a table that shows running times for the original and multithread versions.

Original version

Threaded version
 Write a short analysis of the results.

In threaded version, thread is inserted in the for loop which loops for 8 times resulting in 8 threads. The
original version runs in 0.0517 seconds and the threaded version runs in 0.0286 seconds which is 0.3
second less than the original verison.

136 CUDA
136.1 Password Cracking

Paste your source code for your CUDA based password cracker here

Insert a table that shows running times for the original and CUDA versions.

Write a short analysis of the results

136.2 Image Processing

Paste your source code for your CUDA based image processing.

Insert a table that shows running times for the original and CUDA versions.
 Write a short analysis of the results

136.3 Linear Regression

Insert a table that shows running times for the original and CUDA versions.
Paste your source code for your CUDA based linear regression

Write a short analysis of the results

137 MPI
137.1 Password Cracking
Paste your source code for your MPI based password cracker here

Insert a table that shows running times for the original and MPI versions.

Write a short analysis of the results

137.2 Image Processing

Paste your source code for your MPI based image processor
 Insert a table that shows running times for the original and MPI versions.

Write a short analysis of the results

137.3 Linear Regression

Paste your source code for your MPI based linear regression

Insert a table that shows running times for the original and MPI versions.

Write a short analysis of the results

138 Verbose Repository Log

Paste your verbose format repository log here. With subversion this can be achieved by the following:

svn update

svn –v log > log.txt

gedit log.txt

Then select, copy and paste the text here