You are on page 1of 28

ÆÊ ÖǼÊĦÊ ÃĖÖ ĖÌ

ĬGĖÌĮĞÌÊ Ķ ĆĖĬJ Õ
ÈÈ
MciOQV
G G :ââââ
EDC
ll
MO
6JIDG
:LIG6C?:GD

I :L<N:E>=N:K=H: E?>KBEEH
ÁÀ
ĚÍFÉĒÍ ĨÍĪ ĤÉ ĎIĜĴĔĪĬĜĒÉĒ CÉËĜÍIÉĤ ĒĔ ÀÎĪĒÍĚÉO Š

ÁÍËİÍĪ ĔI ÀĜĔIËĜÉĬ ĄĮĪĞĒĜËÉĬ L ÇÍËĜÉĤĔĬ ĨÍĪ ĤÉ ĎIĜĴĔĪĬĜĒÉĒ ĒĔ BĔIĒÍĹÉO Qb


L.
ËÉĒĖĦĜËÍ ÀÍĪĪĔĬĨÍIĒĜĔIİĔ ĒĔ ĤÉ ËÉĒĔĦĜÉ CÉËĜÍIÉĤ ĒĔ ÁĔĪĔËGÍ L ÀĜĔIËĜÉĬ ÇÍËĜÉĤĔĬ ĒĔ ÀÎĪĒÍĚÉO IH
ĈĪÍĘĔĬÍĪ ĒĔ ĤÉ ĎIĜĴĔĪĬĜĒÉĒ CÉËĜÍIÉĤ ĒĔ ÇÉI ĄĮÉIO ÁÀ
M
q-/
ÁĜĪĔËİÍĪ ĒĔĤ ÅIĬİĜİĮİÍ ĊĔFĜÎI ÀĮLÍ ĒĔ ĤÉ ËÉĒĔĦĜÉ CÉËĜÍIÉĤ ĒĔ ÁĔĪĔËGÍ ĒĔ ÀÎĪĒÍĚÉO Qb
<
`
1
gol
D?
ĊDǼ ČĂCÑ
úM
l
CS
r
Qb
ĂŅ ĆÊĦÊËĬÊİ ÏĬĖĦĞIĞÌÊĬĖİŅ ËJ
.
ĂĂŅ ĂÌĮĬÎĔIJĒĒĞĨÌ Ê ĦÊ IÊĦÊ FĖŅ )*
M
ĂĂĂŅ ÆÊ IÊĦÊ FĖ ĖÌ ĖĦ ÀĨĔĞGÎ ÀĞĴĞĦ ĬGĖÌĮĞÌÎŅ ÆĖĶ ÞQǾ ÒĔĖĬÎGÊĔÎÓŅ âl
ĂĐŅ ÆÊ IÊĦÊ FĖ ĖÌ ĖĦ ÀĨĔĞGÎ ÀĞĴĞĦ Ķ ÀÎIĖĬĒĞÊĦŅ ÆĖĶ PŔSSQŅ #Á%Q
À
r
ŒŅ ÀÎÌĒĖÏĮIJÊĦĞLÊĒĞĨÌŅ ÁÀ
JJ,
PŅ ÂĦ ÏĬĞÌĒĞÏĞÎ ĔĖ ĞÌÎĒĖÌĒĞÊŅ gol
ÞŅ ÂÌ ĦÊ ÏÊĬĮĖ GĖÌĖĬÊĦŅ
^f
L.
QŅ ÂÌ ĖĦ ÁĖĬĖĒĜÎ ĔĖ ÃÊIĞĦĞÊŅ M
Q
RŅ ÂÌ ĦÎİ ĔĖĬĖĒĜÎİ ÏĖĬİÎÌÊĦĖİ ÏÊĮĬĞIÎÌĞÊĦĖİŅ á

ŔŅ ÂÌ ĦÎİ ĔĖĬĖĒĜÎİ ĬĖÊĦĖİŅ ÁÀ


ŘŅ ÂÌ ĖĦ ÁĖĬĖĒĜÎ ĔĖ ĦÊİ İIJĒĖİĞÎÌĖİŅ M
^
ĐŅ ÆÊ IÊĦÊ FĖ ĖÌ ĖĦ ÀĨĔĞGÎ ÀĞĴĞĦ ĔĖĦ ĆĖĬJŅ ÁÀ
L.
ÁÀ
ĐĂŅ ÂĦ ĒÎÌĒĖÏĮÎ ĔĖ IÊĦÊ FĖŅ
(X
ĐĞĦŅ ÀĦÊİĞFĞĒÊĒĞĨÌŅ Qb
ÁÀ
ĐĂĂĂŅ ÆÊ IÊĦÊ FĖ ĒÎIÎ FÊĒĮÎĬ ĔĖ ÊĮĬĞËIJĒĞĨÌŅ ^f
<
ŒŅ ǼÊĦÊ FĖ Ķ ĔÎĦÎŅ Qb
ZZ
ŒŅŒŅ ÆÊİ ĔĞİĮĞÌĮÊİ ÏÎİĞĒĞÎÌĖİŅ
ŒŅPŅ Ǽ ÊĦÊFĖĶĔÎĦÎĔĖĦĞĒĮIJÊĦŅ
ŒŅÞŅ ǼÊĦÊ FĖ Ķ ĔÎĦÎ ÎËĦĞGÊĒĞÎÌÊĦŅ
,
ol
ŒŅQŅ ǼÊĦÊ FĖ Ķ ĔÎĦÎ ĴĞĒĞÎ ĔĖ ĴÎĦIJÌĮÊĔŅ
PŅ ǼÊĦÊ FĖ Ķ ĒIJĦÏÊŅ Õ
PŅŒŅ ÆÊ IÊĦÊ FĖ ÌĖGĦĞGĖÌĮĖ ĖÌ ĖĦ ÀĨĔĞGÎ ÀĞĴĞĦŅ +
PŅPŅ ÆÊ IÊĦÊ FĖ ĖKĒIJİÊËĦĖŅ
GO
ĂEŅ ČĖFĦĖKĞÎÌĖİ FĞÌÊĦĖİŅ

ǼÉ Ó BÉ Ĥ É Ä Ĕ Ô ĔI Ī F Ĕ I İ Ĝ I É L ĈĔĪIJ ŖŤŨÛ
=% D5@56F5GDF9@=A=B5F9G `bonrbbpi^ j^i^cbbk pr bpbk`f^*pf i^ jfpj^
qfbkb^rqlkljÅ^`fbkqÅcf`^*v`r~ibpprmrkf`fÉk,
Ci^Çl0./2sfbkbpfdk^almlo^`lkqb`fjfbkqlp
qo^p`bkabkqbpm^o^bij rkalgroÅaf`labiNboÑ Cp mlo biil nrb obm^p^objlp gr k ql p rk^ sbw
v ?odbkqfk^, Cp bi ^Çl ab `bib_o^`fÉk ab ilp j~pbiqbj^*mrbprk`ljbkq^ofl^im^o^co^pb^o
qobfkq^^Çlpabbufpqbk`f^ abi AÉafdlAfsfi abi ^kqboflobp obcibuflkbp ab`Å^ hl\!`em\jk`^Xi!cX
NboÑ v* ^ i^ m^o* bi ab i^ p^k`fÉk ab rk krbsl Ģ Ĥ ÈĖĦ Ģ ÉÊ ĞĐ Ġ Đ ĞĐ ËÊ Ģ Ĥ ÊÎ Ģ Ė Ġ Ð Î Ģ Ė Ġ Ê Ģ Ĥ Î Ì ÏÊ
AÉafdl Afsfi v Aljbo`f^i &Jbv 04772' m^o^ i^ \jZilkXi!\c!cX[f! fjZlif![\c!XcdX! _ldXeX! [\j[\
PbmÑ_if`^ ?odbkqfk^ nrb bkqo^o~ bk sfdbk`f^ cX!g\ijg\Zk`mX![\c!=\i\Z_f!])))% -)Fb^iiÅi^fjmlo+
bi M abbkbolab0./4, q^k`f^abiqbj^,

Ciil* fk`ifk^ ab`fafa ^ j b kqb  ^ pbib``flk^o rk ==% =BHFC8I77=xB5@5A5@5:9


qbj^bkbi`r^ipbfka^drbabpabi^Émqf`^_ f+
k^`flk^ibi jfpjl,Ckbpbpbkqfal*`^bprj^o Jlp molcbplobp ab do^k klqlofba^a abi jrkal
nrbnrfbkbpplif`fq^k i^`li^_lo^`fÉk plk i^p groÅaf`l^`^aÄjf`l`lkbu`bibkqbpfksbpqfd^`fl+
Pbsfpq^ b a fq^ a ^  ml o ^ ir j k l p  ab i^ D ^`riq^a ab B b ob `e l  ab i^ S k fs b op fa ^ a  ab Jfj^

pfj fbkqbp ab ilp ^_ld^alp nrb qo^kpfq^o~k kbpe^k*mo~`qf`^jbkqb*^dlq^albibu^jbkabi


m lobpqb pfdils b fk qfr k l  iibs^kal i^ mobl`r+ `lj mloq^j fbkql ab_falab _rbk^ cb, Qfk bj+
m^`fÉk mlo i^ bslir`fÉk ab i^p fkpqfqr`flkbp _^odl*pbl_pbos^nrbkll`roobabfdr^ijlal
groÅaf`^p, `lk i^ cfdro^ ab i^ K^i^cb , Bb fdr^i jlal* pb
l_pbos^o~ nrb bi ibdfpi^alo obdri^ i^ j^i^ cb*
Rlalbiil*mrplbk`ljmoljfpl_rp`^orkqbj^ `fq^kal ^ bpqb `lj mloq^j fbkql bk afpqfkqlp
nrb ob^ijbkqb pb^ moldobpfsl* nrb qbkd^ kl+ ^oqÅ`rilpvklq^p^ ili^odlabi^`lafcf`^`fÉk,
sba^a*nrbklpbkcobkqb^obbu^jfk^okrbpqolp
aldj^p m^o^sbopf mlabjlpa^ork m^pl^ab+ ?mbk^pfkf`f^albibpqraflabi^cfdro^pb^asfbo+
i^kqb,?pÅ* m^o^ `rj mifo moljbp^ pb pbib``flkÉ qbki^p`ljmif`^`flkbpv^j_fdÖba^abpmolmf^p
bibpqrafl`ljm^o^qfslab i^cfdro^ abi^ K^i^ abimofk`fmflabi^_rbk^cb*_^pq^jbkqb`lkl`f+
cb JM `ljl i^ `lkqo^`^o^ ab i^ @rbk^ cb * m^o^ a^p*nrbpbprj^k^ i^pfkebobkqbp^ i^j^i^cb,
`lkl`bo`lkj^vloabq^iib`Éjlcrbqo^q^a^bk
biAÉafdlAfsfioba^`q^almloTÄibwQ^opcfbia&Jbv ?s^kw^kalbk biabp^ooliilabiqbj^* bp fkbir+
12.'*bk bi^`qr^i AÉafdlAfsfivAljbo`f^i &Jbv af_ibob`loa^onrbm^o^^idrklp^rqlobpi^j^i^
04772'vbkbiAÉafdlAfsfiabi NboÑ, cb pboÅ^*gi`dX!]XZ`\' i^ ^kqÅqbpfp ab i^ _rbk^ cb9
^i mrkql nrb PbwwÉkf`l kl i^p `lk`f_b `ljl
F^pq^bpqbqfbjml*bp`^plpqo^_^glpe^kqo^q^al bkqfa^abpbuqo^Ç^pbkqobpÅmrbp*bki^_fmli^of+
^ i^ j^i^ cb pfpqbj~qf`^jbkqb* pfkl bpmlo~af+ a^a*i^jrqr^bu`irpfÉkabi^_rbk^+j^i^cbkl
`^jbkqb, Nbol* ^ mbp^o ab i^ fkpfpqbk`f^* kl pb e^`b j~p nrb `boqfcf`^o i^ obi^`fÉk, Cpqb ^rqlo
`ljmobkafÉ nrb bpq^ cfdro^ ab_Å^ pbo qo^q^a^ qbuqr^ij bkqb af`b nrb XdYfj!glekfj!gl\[\e
mlojbklofw^a^jbkqb ^qbkafbkal bi mofk`fmfl ZfeZ\Y`ij\! Zfdf! cXj! [fj! ZXiXj! [\! leX! d`jdX
abibd^ifa^abfkl`bk`f^nrbfjmbo^bkkrbpqo^p d\[XccX5! cX!gXik\! [\! cX! Yl\eX! ]\! efj! dfjkiXiv
`lkpqfqr`flkbp* a^al nrbqlal ilnrbpfbjmob le! ifjkif!cfqXef'! j\i\ef'! `em`kXe[f! X!ZfdgXik`i
pbab`i^j^ bpnrbpb ab_b^`qr^oab _rbk^cb leX!d`jdX!p![`v]XeX!m\i[X[6!cX!ZXiX![\!cX!dXcX
mbolklbufpqbmobl`rm^`fÉkgroÅaf`^mlo`lkl+ ]\!\o_`Y`iv! le! Xjg\Zkf! `e[\]`e`[f'! mX^f'! [fYc\'
:=OH < :MN L /1.

/, Cimobpbkqbqo^_^glob`lkl`b`ljl^kqb`babkqbbiqo^_^glmr_if`^al_^glbiqÅqril K\]c\o`fe\j!jfYi\!cX!m`eZlcXZ`ze


[\!cX dXcX!]\ Zfe!cfj!]XZkfi\j![\!Xki`YlZ`ze!jlYa\k`mfj )Ck8AòPBMT?*K^o`lp,MiXkX[f![\!cX!;l\eX!?\!\e!\c!=\i\Z_f)
@rbklp?fobp8 Cafqlof^i J^ Jbv*0..2* m,0/79v*i^ Alkcbobk`f^ab Gkdobpl`ljl?`^aÄjf`lAloobpmlkafbkqb^ i^
?`^abjf^ L^`flk^i abBbob`elvAfbk`f^pQl`f^ibpabAÉoal_^af`q^a^bkcb`e^7abpbqfbj_obab0..1_^glbi
qfqril K\]c\o`fe\j!jfYi\!cX!dXcX!]\ )Ck8:eXc\j)?Çl?`^aÄjf`l0..1&AÉoal_^*?odbkqfk^',Bfpmlkf_ibbk8:ttt,
^`^abo,rk`,bar,^o<,

0, <]i)5:ttt,af^oflbml`^,`lj-102515-J^+cfabifa^a+`ljl+l_ifd^`flk+abi+bjmib^alo-<,

ŤŨŨ ĈÉĬËĮÉĤ ÂĒĮÉĪĒÍ ĤĘĔĪĜĤĤÍ


gfidfd\ekfj ZXdY`Xek\j' Zfdf cfjfe cXj d`c cXjZ`iZlejkXeZ`Xj [\ZX[X ZXjf'pcXj\jg\Z`Xc\j Õ
dvjZXiXj[\cXXjklZ`Xp cX[\jc\XckX[ 1, ZXiXZk\ixjk`ZXjhl\cfif[\Xe' cXjhl\Yi`e[Xive ÈÈ
cXjgXlkXjgXiXalq^Xij`j\_XfYiX[f[\ekif[\ &%/"
fëF +
Alkbimbkp^jfbkqlqo^p`ofmqlklpba^rk`lk+ cfjcxd`k\j`dgl\jkfjgficXYl\eX]\ 1)
`bmqlmolmflabj^i^cb*pfklnrbmloabp`^oqb MM
MB
l bu`irpfÉk pb i^ mobqbkab `^o^`qbofw^o, Nbol Cki^jfpj^afob``fÉkilpjlaboklpbpqraflpab 6JIDG
i^_rbk^cbpbkfbd^k^a^ork`lk`bmqlabbii^ :LIG6C?:GD
biilbk`rbkqo^ bil_pq~`rilabnrb i^ _rbk^cb
^i pbo`lk`b_fa^ `ljl rk^ `i~rpri^ dbkbo^i l bkcrk`fÉkabnrbbpq^mobqbkpfÉk j\\jki\ccXZfe
mofk`fmfl groÅaf`l P bp rk `lk`bmql fkabcfkfal* cXXZ\gkXZ`ze[\hl\cXYl\eX]\\jleXZcvljlcX
bpq~ka^o gr oÅa f`l  ^_fboql `rvl `lkqbkfal bp ^\e\iXc'gl\jj`\e[fkXc'\jcz^`Zfhl\\cZfek\e`[f
abqboj fk^al bk `^a^ Äml`^ v* bk `^a^ `^pl* [\YXZfeZi\kXij\\eZX[XZXjf 2)
mlo i^ ebojbkÄrqf`^ ab ilpgrb`bp3, ?kqb biil*
mlo ^k^ildÅ^* i^ j^i^ cb `ljl m^o~j bqol ab Nbol*^kqbi^fj mloq^kqb`^kqfa^aab`fq^ppl_ob
`lkar`q^*abfdr^ijlal*ab_boÅ^pbobkqbkafa^ i^j^i^cbobdri^a^pbki^pkloj^pfk`irfa^pbk
`ljl rk^ kl`fÉk ^_fboq^ nrb i^ grofpaf``fÉk bi AÉafdl Afsfi* bp `lksbkfbkqb fka^d^o* `ljl _\
C
abcfkfo~bk`^a^^prkqlpljbqfal^prab`fpfÉk m r k ql  ab m^oqfa^ ab bpq^p j bafq^`flkbp* pf
il `r^i bsfabkqbjbkqb afcf`riq^ pr qfmfcf`^`fÉk ob^ijbkqb bufpqb fkabcfkf`fÉk bk bi `lkqbkfal M'
m^o^pr p^k`fÉk, abi^pkloj^pabilp`Éafdlp^ obsfp^o,M*pf mlo sf
ol
bi`lkqo^ofl*pb e^k mobl`rm^al mloqo^kpj fqfo R1
MGM
?pÅ mfbkp^ i^ bp`of_^k^ Wlofl* nrfbk m^oqfbkal m^rq^p`lk`obq^pm^o^`lk`bmqr^o^ i^ j^i^cb, .H
<
ab ^pbsbo^o nrb bi AÉafdl Afsfi kl `lkqfbkb `
1
rk^ abcfkf`fÉk `lk`obq^ ab i^ _rbk^ cb plpqfb+ ===% @5A5@5:99B9@7x8=;C7=J=@ N_\
kb nrb kXdgfZf\o`jk\leZi`k\i`f\jki`ZkfgXiX 5F;9BH=BC%@9M*+' 89FC;58C!% :S
1
[\k\id`eXicXYl\eXfdXcX]\'e`\jZfem\e`\ek\ M
jq
\Z_XidXef Xcj`jk\dX [\gi\jleZ`fe\j c\^Xc\j Ci AÉafdl Afsfi +Jbv 12.+ oba^`q^al mloTÄibw l
M'
hl\(Zfd fkXc\j([\Y\ej\i[\`ek\igi\kXZ`zei\j( Q^opcfbia* kl qo^q^ ^ i^ j^i^ cb ab rk j lal $O
l
ki`Zk`mX )Nloil`r^i \edXk\i`XZfekiXZklXcj\ive pfpqbj~qf`l pfkl* mlo bi `lkqo^ofl* bpq^qrvÉ* bk M'
zl
L.
_\
qj
r
_\
1, PCXXòLGAM*Hr^kA^oilp, >]\Zkf\ogXej`mf[\cXYl\eX]\ )Ck8Pbsfpq^HroÅaf`^?odbkqfk^J^Jbv/77/+A+3/6,@rbklp _\
?fobp*/77/, M ê
sf
2, ICKCJK?HCPBCA?PJSAAG*?Åa^, EXYl\eX]\\ecX\a\ZlZ`ze[\cfjZfekiXkfj )Ck8Pbsfpq^abBbob`elNofs^al
27.
H
vAlj rkfq^ofl /6* Pbpmlkp^_fifa^a `lkqo^`qr^i+  GG *?q,0//,Q^kq^ Db8Pr_fkw^i+Ariwlkf Cafqlobp* /776, Cpq^ Z5
C
^rqlo^ `lkpfabo^ nrb cXYl\eX ]\j\ixX legi`eZ`g`f^\e\iXc[\[\i\Z_fhl\cXc\p]fidlcXgfid\[`f[\leX qÖ
ZcvljlcX^\e\iXc )Wabnrb cXjZcvljlcXj^\e\iXc\jefjfegi`eZ`g`fj[\[lZk`mfje`[\Xi^ld\ekXZ`ze[`XcwZk`ZX' _\

j`efhl\`dgXik\eXcal\qleXd\[`[X' leX[`i\Zk`mXgXiXcXY{jhl\[X[\cXefidX[\[\Z`j`ze6jfeleXkwZe`ZX M
O,
[\]fidXZ`zeal[`Z`Xc[\cXi\^cXhl\_X[\Xgc`ZXij\XcZXjfZfeZi\kf'j`eledf[\cf[\[\Z`j`zegi\Zfejk`kl`[f _\
L.
gfilejlgl\jkf[\_\Z_fefid Xk`mfXYjkiXZkf$)))% )K?WM*Hlodb?, LfYi\cXj[\efd`eX[XjZcvljlcXj^\e\iXc\j) _\
: gifgzj`kf [\cX Yl\eX ]\' \c[XyfpcXj Yl\eXj ZfjkldYi\j ) Ck8 Pbsfpq^ HroÅaf`^ ?odbkqfk^ J^ Jbv 0../+C+ R3
//24, @rbklp ?fobp* 0../, JòNCX* K^oÅ^ Rbobp^, Efj gi`eZ`g`fj ^\e\iXc\j [\c =\i\Z_f ) Ck8 Pbsfpq^ Llq^of^i fS
_\
631,/7.0, J^ Ni^q^8 Alibdfl ab Cp`of_^klp ab @rbklp ?fobp* /76., NCRRMPSRG* A^oilp Ckofnrb, :cZXeZ\p
vdY`kf[\Xgc`ZXZ`ze[\cfjgi`eZ`g`fj^\e\iXc\j[\c=\i\Z_f ) Ck8 Pbsfpq^ Llq^of^i 631,/713, J^ Ni^q^8Alibdfl <
7m
abCp`of_^klpab@rbklp?fobp* /76., ZZ

3, QNMR?*?i_boqlE,MiXkX[f[\=\i\Z_f<`m`c)MfdfR%N^oqbEbkbo^i ,@rbklp?fobp8Cafqlof^iBbm^ij^*/725*m,/136,

4, WMPGM* Cisfo^ K^oqe^, >cXYljf[\c[\i\Z_f ) Ck8 Pbsfpq^ Llq^of^i 631,0002, J^ Ni^q^8 Alibdfl ab Cp`of_^klp ab l
ËÍ
@rbklp?fobp* /76., PCXXòLGAM*Hr^k A^oilp,Mm,<`k)' m, 30.,Cpq^^rqlo^ mfbkp^ nrb leX[\]`e`Z`ze[\cXYl\eX
]\'efgf[ixXgifgfe\ij\j`efZfedlZ_XjjXcm\[X[\jp[l[Xj)L\ixX[\Xc^leXdXe\iXZfekiX[`Zkfi`fX]`idXi'gfi
leXgXik\'hl\j\\jkvXek\leXefidXXY`\ikXj`\dgi\gfj`Yc\[\ZfcdXiZfeel\mXji\Xc`[X[\j'pgfifkiX[\]`e`i\c Œ
`ejk`klkf'hl\j\i\df[\cXZfejkXek\d\ek\$)))% ) +
5, ICKCJK?HCPBCA?PJSAAG*?Åa^,Hg)<`k)'m,017,Cpq^^rqlo^`fq^^?JN?*Erfal, Ii\k\j\[\c<i\[`kfi\\efidXk`mX
k
O
[`Zfii\kk\qqX )Ck8K`m`jkX[\c=`i`kkf<fdd\iZ`Xc\jLÜ5+6-7+/.,?kklJVGV* /75/*m,06.,

ǼÉ Ó BÉĤÉ Ä Ĕ Ô ĔI Ī F Ĕ I İ Ĝ I É L ĈĔĪIJ ŔŨÜ


cloj^ afpmbop^* kloj^p v abgÉ klq^p nrbcfg^k mrbabk^ibd^o`lkqo^ ilppl`flpi^bufpqbk+
pr pfdkfcf`^`fÉk, Nlo bp^ o^wÉk* bp fj mloq^kqb `f^ ab rk^ pl`fba^a fiÅ`fq^* ab ^`rboal ^i
bpnrbj^qfw^obi bpqrafl ab i^ aldj~qf`^ m^o^ ^oqÅ`ril /437* kl mlao~k e^`boil `r^kal
fkcbofo`r~i bo^ bi `lk`bmql ab i^ j^i^ cb bk bi qrsfbobk`lkl`fj fbkqlnrbi^pl`fba^abo^
mbkp^jfbkqlabi`lafcf`^alo, fiÅ`fq^*`lkclojbbipbkqfalabi^oqÅ`ril/44.
abiAÉafdlAfsfi,
Ck bpqb mofjbo dorml ab kloj^p nrb ^k^ifw^+
objlp* bi ibdfpi^alo `lk`bmqr^ifw^ ^ i^ j^i^ cb ÊĻ ÁĢ Ê Ğ È Ĥ Ģ ĨÍĐ ĨĤ É Ê Ġ Đ Ģ É Đ ĨĤ Ļ
e^`fbkal obcbobk`f^ `lk`obq^ ^i `lkl`fjfbkql
nrbbiprgbqlrqfifw^^kqfcrk`flk^ijbkqb, Mqo^sfpfÉkabi^j^i^cbi^bkqobd^biAÉaf+
dlbk bi `^plabbufpqfoal_ib`lkqo^q^`fÉk
ĐĻ Á Ģ Ê Ğ Í Ě Ē ĖĠ Ê Ģ É Ê Ğ Ġ Đ Ĩ Í ĖĠ Ĥ Ģ ĖĤ Ļ pl_obrkjfpjll_gbql*rk^`bib_o^a^`lk
bij^ka^kqbvlqo^`lkbi j^ka^q^ofl9mob+
Ck bi oÄdfjbk abi j^qofjlkfl* bi ^oqÅ`ril `fp^kal bi ^oqÅ`ril /722 nrb Äpqb pbo~ ab
002* `rvl qb uql  crb obcloj ri^al mlo i^ j^i^cb*pfer_fbob`lkqo^q^albpq^kalmob+
Pbsfpq^ b a fq^ a ^  m l o ^ ir j k l p  ab i^ D ^ `riq^a ab B bob `el ab i^ S k fs b op fa ^ a  ab Jfj^

Jbv013/3* fkqbomobq^ nrb i^ j^i^cbab ilp sbkfal mlo bi j^ka^kqb, Cp ab`fo* `r^kal
`Ékvrdbp`lkpfpqb bk bi`lkl`fjfbkqlnrb `lkl`Å^nrbpr j^ka^kqbqbkÅ^i^ab`fpfÉk
er_fbobkqbkfallab_falqbkbo*^iaÅ^abi^ abob^ifw^obi`lkqo^qlmlopr`rbkq^6,
`bib_o^`fÉkabij^qofjlkfl*abifjmbafjbk+
ql l`fo`rkpq^k`f^pnrb`^rp^obi^ krifa^a, ËĻ Á Ģ ĞĐ Ē Đ Í Đ Ģ Ĩ ĘĐ É Ê Ê Ĭ ĖÈ È ĖĦ Ģ Ê Ģ ĞĐ
ÈĤ Ġ I ÍĐ Ĭ Ê Ģ ĨĐ Ļ
EĻ Á Ģ ĞĐ Î Ĥ E ĞĖĒ Đ È ĖĤ Ģ Ê Î É Ê É Đ Í È Ĥ Î Đ È ĖÊ Í ĨĐ Ļ
Ck bpq^ iÅkb^* bi ^oqÅ`ril 0/01 obdi^jbkq^
Ck i^pl_ifd^`flkbp aba^o`lp^ `fboq^ `lk nrbbisbkabalopbo~abj^i^cbpf`lkl`Å^*
bicfkabqo^kpcbofol`lkpqfqrfoabob`elpob^+ ^iqfbj mlabi^sbkq^*bimbifdolabi^bsf`+
ibp pl_ob rk^ `lp^ jrb_ib* bi `lafcf`^alo* `fÉk, Cp ab`fo* i^ j^i^ cbbk bpqb `^pl bpq~
bk bi ^oqÅ`ril 370* obdriÉ nrb bi ^`obbalo* Åkqfj^jbkqbifd^a^^i`lkl`fjfbkqlabrk^
`r^kalprabraloef`fbobqo^kpcbobk`f^ab `fo`rkpq^k`f^obibs^kqb&sf`flnrb^alib`Å^
bii^ ^ lqol* kl qbkao~ abob`elp `lkqo^ ilp i^`lp^sbkafa^'nrbklcrb`ljrkf`^a^^i
mlpbbalobp ab _rbk^ cb9 mob`fp^kal nrb `ljmo^alo,
cX!dXcX!]\!Zfej`jk\!\e!\c!ZfefZ`d`\ekf![\!cX
fYc`^XZ`ze![\c![\l[fi ) ĒĻ Á Ģ ĞĐ Ē Đ Í Đ Ģ Ĩ ĘĐ É Ê Ê Ĭ ĖÈ È ĖĦ Ģ Ê Ģ Ê Ğ È Ĥ Ģ Ĩ Í Đ ĨĤ
É Ê É Ĥ Ģ Đ È ĖĦ Ģ Ļ
ÈĻ Á Ģ Ê Ğ È Ĥ Ģ Ĩ Í Đ Ĩ Ĥ É Ê È Ê Î ĖĦ Ģ É Ê É Ê Í Ê È Ĕ Ĥ Î Ļ
Bbfdr^i jlal*`lkclojb^i`lkqbkfalabi
? pr sbw* bk i^ bpcbo^ `lkqo^`qr^i* bk bi ^oqÅ`ril0/24fk`fplN *i^alk^`fÉkpbo~eb+
^oqÅ`ril /26.bpq^qrvbnrbbi`babkqbpbo~ `e^abj^i^cb*p^_fbkalbialk^kqbnrbi^
ab j^i^ cb* `r^kal `bib_o^pb bi `lkqo^ql `lp^bo^^gbk^,
jXY`\e[f!hl\!cX![\l[X!\iX!`eZfYiXYc\ )
ĔĻ Á Ģ ĞĐ Ĩ Í Đ Ģ Î Ë Ĥ Í Ġ Đ È ĖĦ Ģ É Ê ÈĤ ÎĐ ÎĻ
ÉĻ Á Ģ Ê Ğ È Ĥ Ģ Ĩ Í Đ Ĩ Ĥ É Ê Î Ĥ È ĖÊ É Đ É Ļ
Ckbiif_olabilpBbob`elpPb^ibp*bi^oqÅ`ril
Qfdrfbkalbkbi~j _fql`lksbk`flk^ipbe^ 0347fkqbomobq^nrbi^qo^kpcloj^`fÉkpbo~
mobsfpqlnrbilp`lkqo^q^kqbp&qbo`bolp'nrb ab j^i^cb pf pbefwlp^_fbkallab_fbkal
:=OH < :MN L /1.

6, EPCEMPGLGAJSQCJJ?Q*Car^oalJ,EX!Yl\eX!]\!\e!cX!i\cXZ`ze!\eki\!dXe[Xek\!p!dXe[XkXi`f&GGG,615',@rbklp?fobp8
Hrofpmorabk`f^?odbkqfk^ &H,?,'* /77.,KMQQCRGRSPP?QNC*Hlodb,FXe[Xkfj)Q^kq^ Db8Pr_fkw^i+Ariwlkf Cafqlobp*
/774*mm,061v146,

ŤÜT ĈÉĬËĮÉĤ ÂĒĮÉĪĒÍ ĤĘĔĪĜĤĤÍ


p^_bo bi qo^ kpcl oj ^ a lo nrb i^ `lp^ bo^ ĜĻ Á Ģ ĞĐ Í Ê Ģ Ï Ģ È ĖĐ Đ ĞĐ Î Ĥ È ĖÊ É Đ É Ļ : è
^gbk^, X Nm 8
Ckbi^oqÅ`ril /52.*pbobdri^nrbi^ obkrk+ &%
F +
`) >ecX g f j \ j `z e [ \ cX _ \ i\ e Z `X ) `f^^i^pl`fba^apbo~abj^i^cb*`r^kalpb UsDCC
ef`fbob `lk i^ fkqbk`fÉk ab l_qbkbobu`ir+ ÍÍÍ
H<Q(5
R^j_fÄk* bi ^oqÅ`ril 1206 obdri^ nrb bi pfs^jbkqb ^idÑk molsb`el l sbkq^g^ nrb 6JIDG
er_fbpbabmboqbkb`bo^ i^ pl`fba^a, Ck bi :LIG6C?:GD
mlpbbalo ab i^ ebobk`f^ pbo~ ab j^i^ cb
`r^kal `lkl`b i^ bufpqbk`f^ abi m^ofbkqb ^oqÅ`rilpfdrfbkqbp^k`flk^nrbi^obkrk`f^
j~p moÉufjlvp^_b nrb kl pb e^ mobpbk+ eb`e^ ab j^i^ cb* bp kri^ obpmb`ql ab ilp
q^al^ob`ldboi^pr`bpfÉkmlonrbfdklo^_^ pl`flp, Jlnrbd^k^obbi obkrk`f^kqbbk bi
nrb ib crbpb abcbofa^9 ^`i^o^kal nrb kl kbdl`fl nrb e^ qbkfal bk jfo^p ^i obkrk+
ab_bk pbofk`irfalpbk bpq^ `^qbdloÅ^* mlo `f^o* mboqbkb`b ^ i^ pl`fba^a9 mbol* pf mbo+
qbkbo`lkl`fjfbkqlabnrbi^pr`bpfÉkbpq~ afbpbbkÄi*i^mÄoafa^bpabprpli^`rbkq^,
abcbofa^^af`elpm^ofbkqbp,
Ck bpqb `^pl* kl ^m^ob`b `lk kfqfabw rk ÁÀ
`lkl`fj fbkql ab abqboj fk^a^ pfqr^`fÉk C
Ck bpqb pbdrkal dorml* ab fdr^i jlal* R C

pb e^`bk obcbobk`f^p `lk`obq^p* bk i^p ef+ c~`qf`^pfklnrbpbmrkqr^ifw^crboqbjbkqb l9


L.
mÉqbpfp ab ilp ^oqÅ`rilp /52. v 0..7* nrb i^ fkqbk`fÉk ab ^sbkq^g^o bk bi kbdl`fl ^ L.
ÁÀ
abcfkbk i^p`lkar`q^p ab j^i^cb mbolab i^ pl`fba^a ^ i^ `r^i mboqbkb`b,Nbolfka^+ M
i-i
rk j lal a fp qfk ql 8 pfk e^`bo obcbobk`f^ d^kalrk ml`lj~pmolcrka^jbkqb*i^ ibv M
H
<
afob`q^ ^i`lkl`fj fbkqlabi prgbql pfkl ^i mobqbkab molqbdbo i^ m^i^_o^ bjmbÇ^a^ `

molmÉpfql _rp`^al, mlo bi pl`fl ^kqb ilp lqolp m^o^ mol`ro^o ÆÁÀ
l_qbkbo rk^ rqfifa^a `ljÑk bk crk`fÉk :B
L.
Nbol*bk bi`^plabi^ ^anrfpf`fÉk ab`lp^p abilp^mloqbpob^ifw^alp, Cpab`fo*^pmfo^ ^ M
+A
eroq^a^p*bip^_boabi^pfqr^`fÉkgroÅaf`^ab obpdr^oa^o i^ _rbk^ cb ib^iq^a `lk nrb pb r
`r
i^`lp^bpq^krbs^jbkqbmobpbkqbbkcloj^ ab_b bgb`rq^obi `lkqo^ql*bk bpqb `^plab O
R

afob`q^bklqo^ kloj^`ljmibjbkq^of^, pl`fba^a, `r


úM
B
ÁÀ
GĻ Á Ģ ĞĐ É Đ È ĖĦ Ģ É Ê È Đ Í Ĩ Đ Î É Ê Í Ê È Ĥ Ġ Ê Ģ É Đ È ĖĦ Ģ Ļ Nbol m^o^ fk qbk q^o p^`^o sbkq^g^p ab rk 1
kbdl`fl nrb mboqbkb`Å^ ^ i^ pl`fba^a* bp r
ÁÀ
r]

Ckbpbpbkqfal*bi^oqÅ`ril0..7abiAÉafdl mlonrbbipl`flqrsl`lkl`fjfbkqlabijfp+
Afsfi* `r^kal obdri^ bi `lkqo^ql ab cf^kw^* jlbkcrk`fÉkabpr`^ifa^aabpl`flvj^i `r

fkqbomobq^nrbi^p`^oq^pabob`ljbka^`fÉk rqfifw^ bp^ fkcloj^`fÉk bk rk molvb`ql ab s-/
M
`
pbo~kabj^i^cbpfcrbpbka^a^p^cfoj^kal ir`olmboplk^i,Cpq^bpi^`lkar`q^nrb_~+ Â
N,
c^ip^jbkqbi^plisbk`f^abi ob`ljbka^al, pf`^jbkqbobmorb_^i^ibvvqfia^abj^i^cb, ÁÀ
l
Ckbpqb`^plpb mrbabsbofcf`^onrbbi bjf+ B) Á Ģ ĞĐ Đ É Ì Ï ĖÎ ĖÈ ĖĦ Ģ É Ê È Ĥ Î Đ Î Ĕ Ï Í Ĩ Đ É Đ Î Ĥ
ploabi^p`^oq^pabob`ljbka^`fÉk`lkl`Å^ I Ê Í É ĖÉ Đ Î Ļ
l ab_Å^ `lkl`bo i^ fkplisbk`f^ abi prgbql â3
`r
c^slob`fal* mbol lj fqb abif_bo^a^jbkqb* Ci ^oqÅ`ril 055/ abi AÉafdl mobp`of_b nrb è
`lk mibk^ `lk`fbk`f^ abpr ^`qr^`fÉk*a^o pbo~ `lkpfabo^al mlpbbalo ab j^i^ cb bi
^`lkl`bo^i^lqo^m^oqbbibpq^alc^ibk`f^i nrb `lj moÉ i^ `lp^ eroq^a^ l mboafa^ ^ ~
abi ob`ljbka^al* bk `rvl `^pl bi molmfl mboplk^plpmb`elp^nrbkl^`lpqrj_o^_^
^oqÅ`rilbpq^_ib`bnrbnrfÄki^prp`of_^pbo~ ^sbkabo`lp^ppbjbg^kqbp*lnrbklqbkÅ^
O
obpmlkp^_ibabia^Çlnrbpl_obsfkfbpb^i^p `^m^`fa^aljbaflpm^o^^anrfofoi^, KN
mboplk^p^nrfbkbppbafofdbk*mloi^fkpli+
sbk`f^abiob`ljbka^al,Ckbpq^efmÉqbpfp Cpq^ kloj^ `^ifcf`^ `lj l ab j^i^ cb ^i \
fdr^ijbkqbbufpqbi^j^i^cb`lkl`fjfbkql* `lj mo^alo nrb kl ^dlqÉ i^p afifdbk`f^p l
mbolpb e^`bobcbobk`f^ ^ bii^ abrk jlal kb`bp^of^pm^o^bsfq^o^anrfofo_fbkbpol_^+ O
fkafob`ql, alplmboafalp,Cklqo^pm^i^_o^p*iibd^^rk

Ǽ É Ó BÉ Ĥ É Ä Ĕ Ô ĔI Ī F Ĕ I İ Ĝ I É L ĈĔĪIJ Ģ ÜŤ
bpq^alab j^i^cbmlokbdifdbk`f^`r^kal klqfcf`^`fÉkabi^abj^ka^*nrbklbplqo^
qbkÅ^ bi ab_boab `lkl`bo i^ sboa^abo^ pf+ `lp^nrb`lkl`bocbe^`fbkqbjbkqbprsbo+
qr^`fÉkgroÅaf`^abilp_fbkbpnrbmobqbkab a^abo^pfqr^`fÉkcobkqb^ i^`lp^,
`ljmo^o,
Bb fdr^i jlal* bk bi ^oqÅ`ril 1764 alkab
J^ sfk`ri^`fÉk bkqob i^ j^i^ cb v bi `lkl+ pbobdri^i^fkqboorm`fÉkabi^mobp`ofm`fÉk
`fj fbkql ab i^ pfqr^`fÉk obibs^kqb nrba^ mloabj^ka^*pb^almq^ bi jfpjl`ofqbofl
krbs^jbkqb abjlpqo^a^ bk bi `lkqbkfal `r^kal pb bpmb`fcf`^ nrb Xlehl\ cX [\(
^oqÅ`ril055.abiAÉafdlAfsfi*bi`r^iobdri^ dXe[Xj\XelcX'gil\YXcX[`c`^\eZ`X[\chl\
nrb ilp ^krk`flp ab eroqlp l ab mÄoafa^p j\cX`ek\igfe\'p Zfejk`klp\Xcgfj\\[fi[\
kl _^pq^k m^o^ e^`bo mobprjfoab j^i^ cb dXcX]\$)))%' YXjkX leXZkfal[`Z`XcZfekiX\c
^i mlpbbalo ab `lp^p eroq^a^p l mboafa^p gfj\\[figXiXZfejk`kl`icf[\dXcX ]\\ejl
nrbi^p^anrfofÉabpmrÄpabq^ibp^krk`flp* gfj\j`ze
pfklpbmol_^pbnrbqbkÅ^`lkl`fjfbkqlab
biil`r^kal^anrfofÉi^p`lp^p, EĻ Ą Ĥ Ĩ Đ Đ Ğ Đ Í Ĩ ĘÈ Ï ĞĤ Õ Ŏ Ǿ Œ Ľ A Ĥ Ģ Î Ĩ Í Ï È È ĖĦ Ģ Ê Ģ
Pbsfpq^ b a fq^ a ^  m l o ^ ir j k l p  ab i^ D ^ `riq^a ab B bob`el ab i^ S k fs b op fa ^ a  ab Jfj^

ĨÊ Í ÍÊ Ģ Ĥ Đ GÊ Ģ Ĥ Ļ
Dfk^ijbkqb*m^o^`ljmibq^obibpqraflabi mbk+
p^jfbkql ab TÄibw Q^opcfbia* l_pbos^jlp nrb Ck i^ klq^ abi ^oqÅ`ril 0367* qo^kp`of_b ^
i^ mobl`rm^`fÉkabi`lafcf`^alomloobdri^oi^p K^o`^aÄ`r^kal bu^jfk^ bi AÉafdl Do^k+
`lkar`q^pabj^i^cbpbbuqbkafÉ^i^pobcibufl+ `Äp* bkqbkafbkal nrb bi `lkpqor`qlo pbo~
kbpabg^a^pbki^pklq^pabilp^oqÅ`rilp*nrbpfk ab j^i^ cb `r^kal p^_Å^ nrb i^p e^`Å^ bk
ird^o^ qfqr_bl `li^_lo^k fkbpqfj^_ibjbkqb ^ rkqboobklnrbklibmboqbkb`Å^,Ci`lkl`bo
abp`r_ofobi pbkqfal ab prp mob`bmqlp, Ck bpq^ lfdklo^onrbbi fkjrb_ibbpabmolmfba^a
afob``fÉk*bki^pobcbobk`f^pbumrbpq^pbki^pkl+ ab lqol bp bi bibj bkql nrb abqbojfk^ i^
q^p^ ilp^oqÅ`rilp3.7*355*5.5*51/*745*/107* `^ifcf`^`fÉk ab pr ^`qr^o `ljl ab _rbk^
0132*02/0*0343^035.*0372*112.*bq`,*klpb lj^i^cb,
bumlkb rk `lk`bmql ab j^i^ cb* pfkl nrb Ñkf+
`^jbkqbpbpbÇ^i^i^m^oqf`fm^`fÉkabi^jfpj^, ÈĻ Ą Ĥ Ĩ Đ Đ K Đ Í Ĩ ĘÈ Ï ĞĤ Õ Œ Ō Õ Ľ Á İ Ĩ ĖĢ È ĖĦ Ģ É Ê Ğ
Ï Î Ï Ë Í Ï È Ĩ Ĥ I Ĥ Í I Í Ê Î È Í ĖI È ĖĦ Ģ Ļ
Ck`^j_flbki^ppfdrfbkqbpklq^ppba^rk`lk+
`bmqlabj^i^cb, Ck i^ klq^ ^i ^oqÅ`ril 0720*TÄibw Q^opcfbia*
`fq^ krbs^jbkqb ^ K^o`^aÄ* bk i^ m^oqb
ĐĻ Ą Ĥ Ĩ Đ Đ ĞĤ Î Đ Í Ĩ ĘÈ Ï ĞĤ Î Õ Ō Ö Ö Į Ö Œ Ǿ Ő Ľ nrbfkqbobp^^ bpq^ fksbpqfd^`fÉk*af`bnrb
Ą Ĥ Ĩ ĖË ĖÈ Đ È ĖĦ Ģ É Ê ĞĐ É Ê Ġ Đ Ģ É Đ Ļ j`leXk\iZ\iXg\ijfeXj`ekxklcfp [\dXcX]\'
\ekiX\egfj\j`ze[\le]le[fhl\i\ZfefZ\
Ci m~oo^cl fkf`f^i ab bpq^ i^od^ klq^ ^i ^oqÅ+ hl\ efc\g\ik\e\Z\'g\if [\cZlXcgi\k\e[\
`ril 0211 nrb obdri^ i^p l_ifd^`flkbp ab k\e\i\cljl]ilZkf&,,,' ,Qbmlkbabj^kfcfbpql
ilp mlpbbalobp* obcbobk`f^ bi ^oqÅ`ril 116 nrbi^ j^i^cbbpq~ obi^`flk^a^`lki^`lk+
abi AÉafdl ab ?rpqof^ bumobp^kal nrb bi `fbk`f^ abnrbbi _fbk bpab molmfba^a ab
mlpbbaloab _rbk^cbnrb e^ pfal`lkab+ lqo^ mboplk^,
k^almlopbkqbk`f^^obpqfqrfoi^`lp^*ab_b
pbo `lkpfabo^al `ljl mlpbbalo ab j^i^ ÉĻ Ą Ĥ Ĩ Đ Đ Ğ Đ Í Ĩ ĘÈ Ï ĞĤ Ö Ō Õ Ő Ľ Ǽ Ĥ Î Ê Î ĖĦ Ģ É Ê Ï Ģ Đ
cb abpab bi aÅ^ bk nrb pb ib efwl p^_bo i^ Ĕ Ê Í Ê Ģ È ĖĐ Ļ
abj^ka^abobfsfkaf`^`fÉk,
:=OH < :MN L +-*

Ck bpq^ klq^* bi `lafcf`^alo pfdrb ^ i^ Jbv


Cpqb `ofqbofl nrb bp mi^pj^al bk bi qbuql Plj^k^ bk i^ nrbpbaf`bnrb \chl\kfdX
abi ^oqÅ`ril 0211 abi AÉafdl Afsfi* obp^iq^* leXjlZ\j`zeXcXZlXcjXY\hl\efk`\e\e`e(
krbs^jbkqb* i^ fjmloq^k`f^ nrb qfbkb bi ^{e[\i\Z_f'j\\eZl\ekiXgfijljfcf_\Z_f'
`lkl`fjfbkqlabi^pfqr^`fÉk mlobiprgbql* jfd\k`[fXcXfYc`^XZ`ze[\i\jk`kl`icX`ed\(
nrbbk bpqb`^plpb mobprjb^ m^oqfoab i^ [`XkXd\ek\Xcc\^xk`df_\i\[\if'p[\Y\'gfi

ŤÜȚ ĈÉĬËĮÉĤ ÂĒĮÉĪĒÍ ĤĘĔĪĜĤĤÍ


jldXcX]\'j\iZfej`[\iX[fZfdfZfejk`kl`[f pbÇloabi^`lp^*vqbkÅ^lklbiabob`elab Ů Õ
\edfiX[\j[\\cgi`d\idfd\ekf[\cXfZl( bk^gbk^oi^* mlonrb i^ ara^ bp rk qÄoj fkl ÈÈ
gXZ`ze[\cXjZfjXj_\i\[`kXi`Xj N^o^bpq^ jbaflbkqobi^_rbk^vj^i^cb,Cpq^obpbÇ^ ***3*7
K +2 +
mlpf`fÉkbiplileb`elab`lkl`bonrbklpb o^qfcf`^ i^ fj mloq^k`f^ abi `lkl`fj fbkql*
qfbkbkfkdÑkabob`elmlkb^iqbkbaloabi^ mrbp ara^ nrfÄk qfbkb rk `lkl`fj fbkql MMM
l`k
ebobk`f^ bk pfqr^`fÉk abj^i^cb* mbolbpqb m^o`f^ilkl^`^_^alabi^pfqr^`fÉk*o^wÉk 6JIDG
`ofqboflklbpbi^almq^albkbi^oqÅ`ril1206 mlo i^ `r^i pbo~ ab pr afifdbk`f^ iibd^o ^i :LIG6C?:GD

m^o^ilpm^ofbkqbpabic^iib`falnrbqlj^ki^ `lkl`fjfbkqlcbe^`fbkqb,
mlpbpfÉk ab i^ ebobk`f^, Ck bpqb`^pl* m^o^
pboabj^i^cbpbobnrfbobnrbpb`lklw`^i^ Aljl`lk`irpfÉkm^o^bpqb^m^oq^al*pbl_pbos^
bufpqbk`f^ abi m^ofbkqb j~p moÉufjl mbol nrbbi`lafcf`^aloklcfgÉbki^pkloj^prk`lk+
p^_bnrbklpbmobpbkq^mlonrbfdklo^nrb `bmqldbkÄof`lm^o^bs^ir^o`r^kalpbqfmfcf`^k
ibe^pfalabcbofa^i^pr`bpfÉk, i^p`lkar`q^pab j^i^cbmbolbk `^a^^oqÅ`ril
bk nrbqo^q^ biqbj^ mlkb Äkc^pfp bk abp`of_fo
Ck ^j_lp `^plp* i^p bufdbk`f^p plk afpÅ+ `r~ibpbi`lkl`fj fbkqlnrbqbkÅ^lab_Å^qbkbo ÁÀ
jfibp* mbol qfbkbk bk `ljÑk nrb i^ j^i^ biprgbql ab i^ `fo`rkpq^k`f^ nrb pb bpqfj^ fj + á
NW
l _rbk^ cb bpq~ abqboj fk^a^ mlo bi `l+ mloq^kqbm^o^bi`^plobdri^al, V
OW

kl`fj fbkql nrb pb qfbkb ab abqbojfk^a^ +^


ÁÀ
pfqr^`fÉk*nrbbpabfkqboÄpm^o^biabob`el =J% @5A5@5:99B9@7x8=;C7=J=@M 9l
i-i
pr molqb``fÉk, 7CA9F7=5@@9M)-00+% OW
<
U
o<
S% Ą Ĥ Ĩ Đ Đ Ğ Đ Í Ĩ ĘÈ Ï ĞĤ Ō Ó Ó Ő Ľ À Ï É Đ Ê Ģ ĞĐ Qfk ird^o^ ebpfq^`fÉk*rklab ilp`^j_flpmol+ ÆÁÀ
I Ĥ Î Ê Î ĖĦ Ģ Ļ crkalpnrbqo^bbikrbslAÉafdlbpbiabbpq^+ O2
+l
_ib`bobimofk`fmflabi^_rbk^cb*bkbi^oqÅ`ril7* l
+A
Ci^oqÅ`ril2..4abiAÉafdlAfsfiobdri^`lk+ `r^kalaf`bnrb cfj[\i\Z_fj[\Y\ej\i\a\iZ`[fj r
O2
`obq^jbkqbnrbi^_rbk^cbobnrbofa^m^o^ [\Yl\eX]\ä) Cpqb mofk`fmflbp obfqbo^albk rk^ O2
M
i^mobp`ofm`fÉkbpi^`obbk`f^pfkara^^idr+ pbofbabkloj^p7, O2
VH
k^abimlpbbaloabpbobu`irpfslpbÇloabi^ ué
ÁÀ
UŐQ
`lp^*abalkabfkqbomobq^pfdrfbkal^Tlbq J^ do^k ljfpfÉk crb kl`lk`bmqr^ifw^o i^ j^i^ 3
nrbklab_bpbo`lkpfabo^albkbpq^alab cb bk qÄojfklp dbkÄof`lp* mofj^kal bi `ofqbofl r
e)À
Á
_rbk^ cb*bi nrbara^ pf pr ^rqlobo^ l kl abIbjbij^gboabA^oir``f/.*nrfbkmobcfofÉnrb ÆÁÀ
^f
V
f-f
M
`
á
7, ?oqÅ`rilp8 /.* ?_rpl abi abob`el9 /22* Gklmlkf_fifa^a ab mboplk^ifa^a groÅaf`^9 070* Nobprmrbpqlp9 076*
Alkqo^al`rjbkql9 1/3* Bl`rjbkql cfoj^al bk _i^k`l9 115* Ccb`qlp cobkqb ^ qbo`bolp9 12.* Ccb`qlp cobkqb ^ ÁÀ
qbo`bolp, Bb_bo ab fkabjkfw^o9 125* Alkaf`fÉk mbkafbkqb9 143* Tf`flp9 166* Lrifa^a obi^qfs^, Alkpb`rbk`f^p9 M
Af+
170* Ccb`qlpobpmb`qlabqbo`bolpbk`lp^pobdfpqo^_ibp9173* Ccb`ql obqol^`qfsl9176*Ro^kpjfpf_fifa^a9177*Pbdi^ ÁÀ
VH
dbkbo^i92.5*Gk`ljmbqbk`f^abi^^rqlofa^anrb`bib_o^bi^`ql9204*Lrifa^aj^qofjlkf^ivqbo`bolp9205*@rbk^ ÁÀ
-&-
cbbk i^`bib_o^`fÉkabi j^qofjlkfl9206* Ccb`qlpab i^ _rbk^ cbab^j_lp `Ékvrdbp9207* Ccb`qlpab i^ _rbk^ u<
cbab rklab ilp`Ékvrdbp921.* Ccb`qlpabi^ j^i^ cbab^j_lp`Ékvrdbp9240*Alp^p jrb_ibp klobdfpqo^_ibp9 OW
ÁÀ
26.* Kljbkql ab i^ buqfk`fÉk9 17.* Pbpqfqr`fÉk9 54.* Ckqobd^ ab i^ `lp^ ^ nrfbk kl bp molmfbq^ofl, @fbkbp kl W(W
obdfpqo^_ibp9 /..7* @fbkbpifqfdflplp*do^s^alp*lprgbqlp^ jbafa^p`^rqbi^obp9 /6/4*?rqlkljÅ^9 /7/6* @rbk^cb9 <
O4
/7/7*Nobprk`fÉkab_rbk^cb9/70.*Bbqbojfk^`fÉkab_rbk^lj^i^cb9/70/*NlpbpfÉksf`flp^9/713*?anrfpf`fÉk ZZ
abcorqlplmolar`qlppbdÑki^_rbk^lj^i^cb9/714*Pbpmlkp^_fifa^amloabpqor``fÉkpbdÑki^_rbk^lj^i^cb9
/715*Ro^kpjfpfÉkabl_ifd^`flkbp^ipr`bplo9/716*Gkabjkfw^`fÉkvm^dlabjbglo^p9/735*Ro^kpcloj^`fÉk9/736*
?``bpfÉk ab`lp^p jrb_ibp9 /740* Alkpqor``fÉk* pfbj_o^ v mi^kq^`fÉk9 /741* Gks^pfÉk ab fkjrb_ib`lifka^kqb9 \
ËÍ
0036* Norb_^bk i^ obfsfkaf`^`fÉk ab jrb_ibpkl obdfpqo^_ibp90037* Bbob`el^ obbj_lipl9004.*?i`^k`b9004/*
Qbkqbk`f^901/1* Pbdi^p^mif`^_ibp901/2*Bbob`elpabiebobabol^m^obkqb901/3*?`qlpabi ebobabol^m^obkqb9v*
0221*Alk`irpfÉkabi^ifnrfa^`fÉk, e+
1
/., ICKCJK?HCPBCAPJSAAG*?Åa^,Mm,<`k)'m,0/3,J^molcbplo^ob`rboa^`lk`fq^pab^rqlobpfq^if^klp*nrbbpq^kloj^
crb`lkpfabo^a^`ljlrklabilppÅj_lilpabi^plifa^ofa^a`lomlo^qfs^9o^wÉkmloi^`r^i^idrklpbpqfj^_^knrb k
O
^mlpqboflofabi^`^Åa^abioÄdfjbkc^p`fpq^*i^jfpj^+m l obiabpmob`fl`lkqo^bp^bq^m^+*pb^_oldÉq~`fq^jbkqb,

ǼÉ Ó BÉ Ĥ É Ä Ĕ Ô ĔI Ī F Ĕ I İ Ĝ I É L ĈĔĪIJ ÓŎÜŦ
bslir`flk^o^ mloilpoÅlpabi^al`qofk^graf`f^i Ck pbkqfal`lkqo^ofl*sbofcf`^jlp*bkbi^oqÅ`ril
`ljl l`roofbob `lk i^ Zfi\kk\qqX abi ^oqÅ`ril /334*nrb `r^kalqo^q^ bi qbj^ ab i^ d^o^kqÅ^
//53abiAÉafdlAfsfi Gq^if^kl//, mlo bsf``fÉk* bi alk^kqb plil obpmlkab j`!cX
[feXZ`ze! j\! _X! _\Z_f! [\! dXcX! ]\'! jXY`\e[f! \c
Qfkmbogrf`flabbiil*i^^rpbk`f^abrk^`lk`bm+ [feXek\!hl\!cX!ZfjX![feX[X!ef!\iX!jlpX!\!`^ef(
qr^ifw^`fÉk nrb i^ qfmfcf`^o^ dbkÄof`^jbkqb* e^ ive[fcf!\c![feXkXi`f )
fj mbafal `lil`^o ^i krbsl AÉafdl bk i^ s^k+
dr^oaf^abi^mlpq+jlabokfa^abkbpq^j^qbof^* )% 9Z^`W\QW^W]RSW\]QS\QWO%
nrbbp jrv kb`bp^of^ m^o^ a^oobpmrbpq^ bk i^
pl`fba^a abi `lkl`fjfbkql*crka^j bkq^ij bk+ Qfkird^o^ebpfq^`fÉk*mlo^mif`^`fÉkabi^oqÅ`ril
qb* `r^kal `rjmib i^p crk`flkbp ab c^`qlo ab /6 ab i^ Alkpqfqr`fÉk L^`flk^i ?odbkqfk^* pb
^qof_r`fÉk, mobprjb i^ fkl`bk`f^ ab prp e^_fq^kqbp e^pq^
nrb e^v^ rk^ pbkqbk`f^ `lkabk^qlof^, Ciil bp
(% 7]\QS^bcOZWgOQWn\% ^mif`^albkbi`^plalkabpbmobprjbnrbqlalp
ilpprgbqlpababob`el^`qÑ^kab_rbk^cb,
Pbsfpq^ bafq^a^ mlo^frjklp ab i^ D^`riq^a ab Bbob`el ab i^ Skfsbopfa^a ab Jfj^

Ci AÉafdl &Jbv 04772'* ^almqÉ `ljl j Äqlal


mobcbobkqbabcfkfo`r~kalbi`ljmloq^jfbkqlbp Sk`i^olbgbjmilabi^^mif`^`fÉkabbpqbmofk`f+
ab_rbk^cb9o^wÉkmloi^`r^i*fjmlkb^iib`qlobi mflibdfpi^qfslpbcfg^bkbi^oqÅ`ril/7/7`r^kal
qo^_^glabfkqbomobq^o^`lkqo^oflpbkpr`r~kalbi pbbpq^_ib`bnrb8
jfpjlbpabj^i^cb*`lkqo^af`fbkalmlo`fboqlbi
mofk`fmflabibd^ifa^a*a^alnrbpbab_bqfmfcf`^o EX!i\cXZ`ze! [\!gf[\i!j\!gi\jld\![\!Yl\eX
^rkbkbi`^jml`fsfi`r~ibpi^`lkar`q^nrbob+ ]\'! X!d\efj!hl\!\o`jkX!gil\YX!\e!ZfekiXi`f)
`f_fo~i^p^k`fÉk,Ckbpbpbkqfal*bki^`bib_o^`fÉk EX!dXcX!]\!j\!gi\jld\!\e!cfj!j`^l`\ek\j!ZXjfj5
abij^qofjlkfl*^oqÅ`ril205* cX!Yl\eX!]\!Zfej`jk\ X%!ZlXe[f!\c!kxklcf!\j![\!elc`[X[!dXe`]`\jkX6
\e! cX! `^efiXeZ`X! f! \iifi![\! _\Z_f! \oZljXYc\j!p Y%!ZlXe[f!j\!X[hl`\i\![\!g\ijfeX!hl\!_XY`(
Zfek\dgfive\fj!X!cX!Z\c\YiXZ`ze![\c!dXki`dfe`f k{X!Öd\ek\!ef!_XZ\!kiX[`Z`ze![\!\jX!ZcXj\![\
jfYi\!\c!`dg\[`d\ekf!f!cX!Z`iZlejkXeZ`X!hl\!ZXljX ZfjXj!p !ZXi\Z\![\!d\[`fj!gXiX! X[hl`i`icXj6
cX!elc`[X['!f!\e!_XY\icf!ZfekiXx[f!YXaf!cX!m`fc\eZ`X Z%! ZlXe[f! i\ZX\!jfYi\!^XeX[f! dXiZX[f! f
[\c!fkif!ZfekiXp\ek\!f![\!le!k\iZ\if ) j\yXcX[f'!j`!\c![`j\yf!]l\!i\^`jkiX[f!gfi!fkiX
g\ijfeX )
Bb fdr^i jlal* bk bi ^oqÅ`ril /7/6 pb obdi^+
jbkq^ nrb \c!jla\kf! [\!cX!i\cXZ`ze! [\!gf[\i!\j Cp mlobiil nrb `lk`loa^kqbjbkqb* bi ^oqÅ`ril
[\! Yl\eX! ]\!j`!ef!ZfefZ\'! e`!gl\[\!ZfefZ\i!hl\ /70.obdi^nrb cX!Yl\eX!f!dXcX!]\!j\![\k\id`eX
ZXi\Z\![\![\i\Z_f'! \j![\Z`i'!ZlXe[f!gfi!le! \iifi Xc!Zfd`\eqf![\!cX!i\cXZ`ze![\!gf[\i'!p !g\idXe\Z\
[\!_\Z_f!\j\eZ`Xc!p!\oZljXYc\!\jkv!g\ijlX[`[f![\ `emXi`XYc\!d`\ekiXj!ef!j\!gif[lZ\!leX!el\mX!X[(
jl!c\^`k`d`[X[ ) hl`j`Z`ze)!Gf!j`\e[f!gfj`Yc\![\k\id`eXi!\c!k`\dgf
\e!hl\!Zfd`\eqX!cX!dXcX!]\'!j\![\Y\!\jkXi!Xc![xX![\
Aljlpb`lifdb abbpq^p abcfkf`flkbp*ab_boÅ^+ cX!Z`kXZ`ze!Xc!al`Z`f )
jlpab`fonrbbpab j^i^cb`r^kal`lkl`bbi
fj mbafj bkql l i^ `fo`rkpq^k`f^ nrb `^rp^ i^ Bbfdr^ijlal*`ljlbu`bm`fÉkbumobp^jbkqb
krifa^a bk bi `^pl abi j ^qofj lkfl l `r^kal obdri^a^*bi^oqÅ`ril0035pbÇ^i^nrb8
`lkl`b nrb `^ob`b ab abob`el9 v* bk ^j_lp
`^plpklmrbabfksl`^ork^bu`rp^^_plirqlof^ K\jg\Zkf![\!cX!gil\YX!\e!cX!i\`m`e[`ZXZ`ze![\
nrbbpq~bkbiboololfdklo^k`f^abilnrbab_Å^ ZfjXj!dl\Yc\j!i\^`jkiXYc\j'!ifYX[Xj!f!_likX(
: = O H < : M N L  /1.

`lkl`bovkl`lkl`fÉmlokbdifdbk`f^, [Xj'! ZlXe[f!cX!i\^`jkiXZ`ze![\c![\dXe[X[f

//, :ikxZlcf! B ,20)(!<fdgfikXd`\ekf!j\Zfe[f!Zfii\kk\qqX)!BB![\Y`kfi\!\!`B!Zi\[`kfi\![\mfef!ZfdgfikXij`!j\Zfe[f!c\!i\^zc\


[\ckX!Zfii\kk\qqX &AÉafdlAfsfi,/115*/136',

/72 ĈÉĬËĮÉĤ ÂĒĮÉĪĒÍ ĤĘĔĪĜĤĤÍ


\j[\dXcX ]\' j\[\Y\e fYj\imXicXj i\^cXj +% 9\SZ8S`SQV]RS:O[WZWO% Ü
j`^l`\ek\j5X%j\gi\jld\cXdXcX]\ZlXe[f ÈÈ
efj\m\i`]`ZXcXZf`eZ`[\eZ`X[\cfj\c\d\e( Ck bi oÄdfjbk j^qofjlkf^i v^ pbqo^kp`of_fÉ bi $!$#
+'.'
kfj`[\ek`]`ZXkfi`fj[\cXZfjX[\XZl\i[fXc ^oqÅ`ril205nrbabcfkÅ^`r~kale^_Å^_rbk^cb A?H
iw^`d\e \jg\Z`Xcp kXdgfZfj\ZfejkXkX cX mlo m^oqb abi `Ékvrdb, Bb bpq^ m^oqb fkqbobp^ MM
H H I
[fZld\ekXZ`zep\jkX[fi\^`jkiXc6$)))% ) obp^iq^oi^p`lkpb`rbk`f^pabi^krifa^aabi^`ql 6JIDG
abj ^qofj lkfl`r^kalpb`bib_o^abj^i^cb,Ck :LIG6C?:GD

*% 9\ZO^O`bSUS\S`OZ% bpb pbkqfal* bi ^oqÅ`ril 204* bumobp^jbkqb cfg^


`ljl obdi^ nrb cXelc`[X[[\cdXki`dfe`fp cX
Ck bpq^ m^oqb pb abpq^`^ bi `lkqbkfal abi ^o+ Yl\eXfdXcX]\[\cfjZzepl^\jefg\ial[`ZXcfj
qÅ`ril 23* alkab pb bpq^_ib`b obpmb`ql ab i^ [\i\Z_fjX[hl`i`[fjgfik\iZ\ifjhl\[\Yl\eX]\
mboplk^ fk`^m^wl `lk `^m^`fa^a obpqofkdfa^ _XpXeZfekiXkX[fZfecfjZzepl^\j )
nrb cfjXZkfj Xek\i`fi\jX cX`ejZi`gZ`ze [\cX
j\ek\eZ`Xgl\[\e j\i[\ZcXiX[fj elcfj' j`g\i( ?elo^ _fbk*`lkclojbbi^oqÅ`ril2068
al[`ZXe X cXg\ijfeX `eZXgXqf Zfe ZXgXZ`[X[ ÁÀ
á
i\jki`e^`[X'pj\Zldgc\Xc^lef[\cfjj`^l`\ek\j L`\cdXki`dfe`fXelcX[f_Xj`[fZfekiXx[f
\oki\dfj5X% cX \e]\id\[X[d \ekXc\iX fjk\e( [\ Yl\eX ]\gfiXdYfj Zzepl^\jgif[lZ\ GC
I,
j`Yc\ X cX wgfZX [\ cX Z\c\YiXZ`ze [\c XZkf6 Y% kf[fjcfj\]\Zkfj[\cdXki`dfe`fmvc`[f_XjkX (X
ÁÀ
hl`\eZfekiXkzZfewc\iX[\dXcX]\6Z%\cXZkf \c[xX \e hl\j\[\ZcXi\jl elc`[X[) EXj\e( íM
\jXkxklcf^iXkl`kf ) k\eZ`X]`id\[`jl\cm\\ciw^`d\ed Xki`dfe`Xc ^f
<
Zfem\eZ`feXcfc\^Xcjlgc\kfi`f)L`cXelc`[X[ *
Bb fdr^i j^kbo^*`r^kal pb abg^ pfk bcb`ql rk gif[lZ\le[\j\hl`c`Yi`f\Zfezd`Zf[\lef
j ^qofj lkfl`bib_o^al^kqbpab ilp /6 ^Çlp* i^ \ccfj\e i\cXZ`ze ZfecXgfj`Z`ze [\cfkif' j\ *-
M
bj^k`fm^`fÉknrbpbl_qfbkbbpfoobsl`^_ib`lk Xgc`ZXe cfj XikxZlcfj//5 v//-6 \cgcXqf j\ .
CS
bu`bm`fÉkabnrbe^v^j^i^cbmlom^oqbabrkl ZfdglkXXgXik`i[\cXj\ek\eZ`Xhl\[\ZcXiX r
./
abilp`Ékvrdbp&^oqÅ`ril05'/0, cXelc`[X[ ) Qb
M
Qb
sf
Bbkqol ab i^ bpcbo^ ab ilp ^`qlp ob^ifw^alp mlo Ck`^j_fl*af`bbi^oqÅ`ril207* j`lefjfcf[\cfj (l
ÁÀ
mboplk^fk`^m^wl`lk`^m^`fa^aobpqofkdfa^*bi Zzepl^\j\j[\Yl\eX]\'\cdXki`dfe`fgif[lZ\ ,
^oqÅ`ril24obdri^nrb8 kf[fjcfj\]\Zkfj[\cdXki`dfe`fmvc`[f'g\ifjzcf r
ÁÀ
r]

i\jg\ZkfXcZzepl^\[\Yl\eX]\p_XjkX\c[xX[\
El\^f [\ jl ]Xcc\Z`d`\ekf' cfj XZkfj \eki\ cXj\ek\eZ`Xhl\[\ZcXi\cXelc`[X[$)))% ) Qb
O
m`mfjXek\i`fi\jXcX`ejZi`gZ`ze[\cXj\ek\e( :-f
M
À
Z`X efgl\[\e `dgl^eXij\' \oZ\gkfhl\ cX J^ krifa^a lqlod^ ^i `Ékvrdb ab _rbk^ cb ab+ á
\e]\id\[X[d\ekXci\jlck\[\cXZkfd`jdf' ob`el^8 1
ÁÀ
hl\ cX dl\ik\_XpX XZfek\Z`[f[\jglwj [\ M
l,
gifdfm`[XcXXZZ`zegXiXcX[\ZcXiXZ`ze[\ X% Lfc`Z`kXiZfdg\ejXZ`fe\j \Zfezd`ZXj' ol
I,
`eZXgXZ`[X[fZXgXZ`[X[i\jki`e^`[X'hl\\c \ecX\ok\ej`zed\eZ`feX[X\ecfjXikxZlcfj ol
XZkfj\XXkxklcf^iXkl`kf'fhl\j\gil\Y\hl\ //5v//-6\cgcXqfj\ZfdglkXXg Xik`i[\cX RH
Qb
hl`\eZfekiXkzZfe\ccXXZklz[\dXcX]\ ) j\ek\eZ`Xhl\[\ZcXiXcXelc`[X[6Y%i\mfZXi ol
W(W
<
Qb
ZZ

/0, :ikxZlcf-2 (>dXeZ`gXZ`ze)EXZ\c\YiXZ`ze[\cdXki`dfe`fXek\j[\cfj[`\Z`fZ_f$,3%XyfjZfeXlkfi`qXZ`zeal[`Z`Xc


\dXeZ`gXXcXg\ijfeXd\efi[\\[X[) ,
`l
EXg\ijfeX\dXeZ`gX[X^fqX[\gc\eXZXgXZ`[X[[\\a\iZ`Z`fZfecXjc`d`kXZ`fe\jgi\m`jkXj\e\jk\<z[`^f)
1
EX\dXeZ`gXZ`ze\j`ii\mfZXYc\)EXelc`[X[[\cdXki`dfe`fef[\aXj`e\]\ZkfcX\dXeZ`gXZ`ze'\oZ\gkfi\jg\Zkf[\c I
Zzepl^\[\dXcX]\gXiXhl`\eZ\jXXgXik`i[\c[xX\ehl\cXj\ek\eZ`XgXjX\eXlkfi`[X[[\ZfjXalq^X[X) Ț
L`Xc^f \j [\Y`[f X cXg\ijfeX d\efi[\\[X[Zfe ZcvljlcX [\ efgf[\ig\iZ`Y`icf _XjkX cX dXpfixX [\\[X[' cX k
O
\dXeZ`gXZ`zeefXck\iXcXfYc`^XZ`zee`\ck`\dgf[\jl\o`^`Y`c`[X[ )

ǼÉ Ó BÉ Ĥ É Ä Ĕ Ô ĔI Ī F Ĕ I İ Ĝ I É L ĈĔĪIJ ŘŤÜÙ
cXj [feXZ`fe\j i\Xc`qX[Xj Xc Zzepl^\ [\ EX j`d lcXZ`ze ef gl\[\ fgfe\ij\ X cfj
dXcX ]\6 Z% [\dXe[Xi gfi `e[\de`qXZ`ze [\ XZi\\[fi\j [\c X[hl`i\ek\ j`dlcX[f hl\ [\
[Xyfj p g\ial`Z`fj Xc Zzepl^\ [\ dXcX ]\ p X Yl\eX ]\ _XpXe \a\ZlkX[f cfj Y`\e\j Zfd(
cfj k\iZ\ifj hl\ _XpXe gifmfZX[f \c \iifi' gi\e[`[fj \e \c XZkf) EX XZZ`ze [\c XZi\\[fi
`eZlii`[f \e [fcf' f \a\iZ`[f cX m`fc\eZ`X) L` ZfekiX \c jlYX[hl`i\ek\ [\ cfj [\i\Z_fj fY(
cfj Zzepl^\j _lY`\iXe \jkX[f jfd\k`[fj Xc k\e`[fj gfi \c XZkf `dgl^eX[f jzcf gifZ\[\
iw^`d\e [\ Zfdle`[X[' \c [\ Yl\eX ]\ gl\[\ ÎĖ Đ É Ì Ï ĖÍĖĦ I Ĥ Í ĨĘĨÏĞĤ ĒÍĐĨÏĖĨĤL Ĥ ÎĖ ÊÎ ÈĦĠ IĞĖÈÊ
fgkXi5 `% gfi Zfej`[\iXi hl\ \c dXki`dfe`f _X \e cX j`dlcXZ`ze) >c jlYX[hl`i\ek\ [\ dXcX
\jkX[f i\^`[f gfi \c iw^`d\e [\ j\gXiXZ`ze ]\ p hl`\e ZfekiXkz [\ dXcX ]\ Zfe \c [\l[fi
[\ Y`\e\j6 ``% gfi c`hl`[Xi cfj Y`\e\j d\[`Xek\ i\jgfe[\e jfc`[Xi`Xd\ek\ gfi cfj [Xyfj ZXl(
cX Xgc`ZXZ`ze [\ cXj efidXj [\c iw^`d\e [\ jX[fj Xc XZi\\[fi hl\ \a\iZ`z cX XZZ`ze' j` cfj
Zfdle`[X[6 ```% gfi \o`^`i cX [\dfjkiXZ`ze [\i\Z_fj j\ kiXejd`k`\ife X le X[hl`i\ek\ [\
[\ cfj Xgfik\j [\ ZX[X Zzepl^\ X \]\Zkfj [\ Yl\eX ]\ p X kxklcf fe\ifjf' f [\ fkif df[f j\
[`m`[`i cfj Y`\e\j \e gifgfiZ`ze X \ccfj Zfdf g\i[`\ife gXiX \c XZi\\[fi) >c hl\ ZfekiXkz [\
j` j\ kiXkXj\ [\ leX jfZ`\[X[ ef Zfejk`kl`[X Yl\eX ]\ p X kxklcf ^iXkl`kf Zfe \c [\l[fi' i\j(
Pbsfpq^ bafq^a^ mlo^irjklp ab i^ D^`riq^a ab Bbob`el ab i^ Skfsbopfa^a ab Jfj^

i\^lcXid\ek\ ) gfe[\ \e cX d\[`[X [\ jl \ei`hl\Z`d`\ekf )

Nbol* `l kcl oj b  ^i ^ oqÅ` r il  21.* `r^kal \c Ck bi jfpjl pbkqfal* bi ^oqÅ`ril 12. bpq^_ib`b
d Xki`d fe`f XelcX[f ZfekiXx[f [\ dXcX ]\ gfi nrb8
XdYfj Zzepl^\j ef gif[lZ\ \]\Zkf Xc^lef) EXj
Zfem\eZ`fe\j dXki`dfe`Xc\j hl\[Xe j`e \]\Zkf' >c ]iXl[\ ef gl\[\ fgfe\ij\ X cfj XZi\\[fi\j
j`e g\ial`Z`f [\ cfj [\i\Z_fj [\ k\iZ\ifj) Efj Y`\e\j [\c X[hl`i\ek\ hl\ [\ Yl\eX ]\ _XpXe \a\(
X[hl`i`[fj _XjkX cX elc`[X[ j\ [`jki`Ylp\e' j` j\ ZlkX[f cfj Y`\e\j Zfdgi\e[`[fj \e \c XZkf)
XZi\[`kXe cfj Xgfik\j' Zfdf j` ]l\j\ leX jfZ`\[X[ EX XZZ`ze [\c XZi\\[fi ZfekiX \c jlYX[hl`(
ef Zfejk`kl`[X i\^lcXid\ek\ /1, i\ek\ [\ cfj [\i\Z_fj fYk\e`[fj gfi \c XZkf
`d gl^eX[f jzcf gifZ\[\ j` X[hl`i`z gfi
,% 9\Z]aRS`SQV]a^S`a]\OZSa kxklcf ^iXkl`kf' f j` \j Zzdgc`Z\ \e \c ]iXl[\6
^Ob`W[]\WOZSa% cX Zfdgc`Z`[X[ j\ gi\jld\ j`' Xc dfd\ekf [\
ZfekiXkXi' ZfefZxX \c \jkX[f [\ `ejfcm\eZ`X) >c
Ckbij^o`labilpabob`elpmboplk^ibpab`^o~`+ jlYX[hl`i\ek\ [\ dXcX ]\ p hl`\e ZfekiXkz
qbom^qofjlkf^i*^kqbpabkljfk^alBbob`elab [\ dXcX ]\ Zfe \c [\l[fi i\jgfe[\e jfc`[X(
i^pM_ifd^`flkbp* pbobdri^ ^ i^ j^i^cbbk i^cf+ i`Xd\ek\ gfi cfj [Xyfj ZXljX[fj Xc XZi\\(
dro^abi^pfjri^`fÉk&^oqÅ`ril111vpfdrfbkqbp'* [fi hl\ \a\iZ`z cX XZZ`ze' j` cfj [\i\Z_fj j\
`r^kalbk bi115 pb obdi^k ilpbcb`qlpcobkqb^ kiXejd`k`\ife X le X[hl`i\ek\ [\ Yl\eX ]\ p
qbo`bolpvpbcfg^nrb8 X kxklcf fe\ifjf' f [\ fkif df[f j\ g\i[`\ife

/1, Qb`ljmibq^i^fab^`lkbi`lkqbkfalabilppfdrfbkqbp^oqÅ`rilp8

/1-)( <fjXj dl\Yc\j ef i\^`jkiXYc\j) Efj XZkfj [\ X[d`e`jkiXZ`ze p [`jgfj`Z`ze X kxklcf fe\ifjf [\ ZfjXj dl\Yc\j ef
i\^`jkiXYc\j ZlpX k\e\eZ`X \a\iZ\ `e[`m`[lXcd\ek\ lef [\ cfj Zzepl^\j' Z\c\YiX[fj gfi wjk\ Zfe k\iZ\ifj [\ Yl\eX ]\'
jfe mvc`[fj' \oZ\gkf hl\ j\ kiXk\ [\ cfj dl\Yc\j `e[`jg\ejXYc\j [\c _f^Xi f [\ cfj fYa\kfj [\jk`eX[fj Xc ljf g\ijfeXc
[\c fkif Zzepl^\ f Xc \a\iZ`Z`f [\ jl kiXYXaf f gif]\j`ze) >e kXc\j ZXjfj' \c fkif Zzepl^\ gl\[\ [\dXe[Xi cX XelcXZ`ze
[\ekif \c gcXqf [\ ZX[lZ`[X[ [\ j\`j $1% d\j\j [\ _XY\i ZfefZ`[f \c XZkf p ef dvj Xccv [\ j\`j $1% d\j\j [\ cX \ok`eZ`ze
[\c iw^`d\e dXki`dfe`Xc )
: = O H < : M N L  /1.

/3+)( Ffd\ekf [\ cX \ok`eZ`ze) EX XelcXZ`ze [\c dXki`dfe`f' \c [`mfiZ`f f cX j\gXiXZ`ze [\ Y`\e\j gif[lZ\e cX
\ok`eZ`ze [\ cX Zfdle`[X[ Zfe \]\Zkf i\kifXZk`mf Xc [xX [\ cX efk`]`ZXZ`ze [\ cX [\dXe[X f [\ cX g\k`Z`ze ZfealekX [\
cfj Zzepl^\j) L` cX j\gXiXZ`ze [\ _\Z_f j`e mfclekX[ [\ le`ij\ gi\Z\[`z X cX XelcXZ`ze [\c dXki`dfe`f f Xc [`mfiZ`f' cX
j\ek\eZ`X k`\e\ \]\Zkfj i\kifXZk`mfj Xc [xX [\ \jX j\gXiXZ`ze) >cal\q gl\[\ df[`]`ZXi cX \ok\ej`ze [\c \]\Zkf i\kifXZk`mf
]le[ve[fj\ \e cX \o`jk\eZ`X [\ ]iXl[\ f XYljf [\c [\i\Z_f) >e kf[fj cfj ZXjfj' hl\[Xe X jXcmf cfj [\i\Z_fj [\ cfj
k\iZ\ifj [\ Yl\eX ]\ hl\ ef j\Xe X[hl`i\ek\j X kxklcf ^iXkl`kf) >e \c ZXjf [\ j\gXiXZ`ze al[`Z`Xc [\ Y`\e\j' cfj Zzepl^\j
hl\[Xe jfd\k`[fj Xc iw^`d\e \jkXYc\Z`[f \e cfj XikxZlcfj 0+0'0+1'0+2p 0+3 )

/74 ĈÉĬËĮÉĤ ÂĒĮÉĪĒÍ ĤĘĔĪĜĤĤÍ


gXiX\cXZi\\[fi)>chl\ZfekiXkz[\Yl\eX]\ gi\e[X'\cXZi\\[fiefk`\e\[\i\Z_fZfekiXcfj
p Xkxklcf^iXkl`kfZfe\c[\l[fi'i\jgfe[\\e gfj\\[fi\j[\Yl\eX]\'j`efjfcXd\ek\ZlXe[f
cXd\[`[X[\jl\ei`hl\Z`d`\ekf ) cXZfjXc\]l\ifYX[Xfj\_Xg\i[`[f)>ekf[fj
ZXjfjcfk`\e\ZfekiXcfjgfj\\[fi\j[\dXcX]\ )
Nlo pr m^oqb moleÅ_b bi 123 nrb \c`eZldgc`(
d`\ekf[\cXZfe[`Z`zeefgl\[\j\i`emfZX[fgfi Ck `r^kql ^i jrkal abi Bbob`el ab ilp Alk+ 6JIDG
cXgXik\hl\'[\dXcX]\'`dg`[Xjli\Xc`qXZ`ze ) qo^qlp* pb obfqbo^ bk bi ^oqÅ`ril 74/ bi mofk`fmfl :LIG6C?:GD

dbkbo^i ab `bib_o^o* fkqbomobq^o v bgb`rq^o ab


Ar^kalpbqo^q^abi^obmobpbkq^`fÉkslirkq^of^ _rbk^cbilp`lkqo^qlp/2,
pb cfg^* bk bi 143* nrb \cXZkf fkfi^X[fgfi\c
i\gi\j\ekXek\\jelcfj`jlmfclekX[\jkvm`Z`X[X) Ck`lk`obql j^o`^*bkbi^oqÅ`ril /..7nrb cfj
I\ifj`j\_Xfkfi^X[f\e\a\iZ`Z`f[\]XZlckX[\j Y`\e\jc`k`^`fjfj' ^iXmX[fj' f jla\kfjX d\[`[Xj
gi\m`Xd\ek\[\k\id`eX[Xjgfi\ci\gi\j\ekX[f'\j ZXlk\cXi\j' gl\[\e j\ifYa\kf [\ cfjZfekiXkfj'
elcfjzcfj`\jklmfm`Z`X[XcXmfclekX[[\wjk\)>c j`eg\ial`Z`f[\cfj[\i\Z_fj[\k\iZ\ifj)Jl`\e[\
i\gi\j\ekX[f[\dXcX]\efgl\[\Xgifm\Z_Xij\ dXcX]\ZfekiXkXjfYi\\jfjY`\e\jZfdfj`\jkl( ol
[\cX`^efiXeZ`XfcXYl\eX]\[\ci\gi\j\ekXek\ ) m`\j\ec`Yi\j[\Y\i\gXiXicfj[XyfjZXljX[fjXcX Â
fkiXgXik\j`wjkX_XfYiX[f[\Yl\eX]\ ) :r

Ck rkl ab i^p dbkbo^ibp j~p fj m l oq^ k qb p  oÖ
ol
mlonrb qo^q^ ab ilp bcb`qlp ab i^ krifa^a ab Alk`loa^kqbjbkqb*bkbi`lkqo^qlabalk^`fÉk* M
:-f
ilp ^`qlpgroÅaf`lp* `ljl bp bi ^oqÅ`ril 17.* pb bpq^_ib`bbi^oqÅ`ril /334*nrb \c[feXek\jzcf AS
<
bpq^qrvb nrb cX elc`[X[fYc`^X X cXjgXik\j X i\jgfe[\gfi\m`ZZ`ze\ecfjj`^l`\ek\jZXjfj5X% Ë
1
i\jk`kl`ij\ dlklXd\ek\ cf hl\ _Xe i\Z`Y`[f \e j`\ogi\jXd\ek\_XXjld`[f\jXfYc`^XZ`ze6Y%j`
m`ikl[[\cXZkf)>jkXji\jk`klZ`fe\jj\i`^\egficXj cX[feXZ`zej\_X_\Z_f[\dXcX]\' jXY`\e[f\c 7=
zM
[`jgfj`Z`fe\ji\cXk`mXjXcXji\cXZ`fe\j[\Yl\eX [feXek\hl\cXZfjX[feX[Xef\iXjlpX\`^ef( M
HX
fdXcX]\'j\^{ej\X\cZXjf ) ive[fcf\c[feXkXi`f6Z%j`cX\m`ZZ`zej\gif[lZ\ r
qr
gfiZXljX[\c[feXek\6[% j`cXj [feXZ`fe\jjfe M
`r

R^j_fÄk pb e^ qbkfal bk `rbkq^ bk bi ^oqÅ`ril dlklXj'i\dle\iXkfi`XjfZfeZXi^f #0) qr
M
54.*nrb8 úM
ol
N^p^kal ^ lqol qbj^* bi ab i^p `^oq^p ab ob+ .
<fei\cXZ`zeXk\iZ\ifj'ZlXe[fcXfYc`^XZ`ze `lj bka^`fÉk l m^qol`fkfl* bi ^oqÅ`ril /36/* S
ol
r]
[\[XiZfjXjZ`\ikXjk`\e\gfi]`ei\jk`kl`icXjX `lafcf`^nrb8
jl[l\yf'j`cXZfjX\jdl\Yc\efi\^`jkiXYc\p İĮ
ŐÍ
\c[\l[fi_XZ\' X kxklcffe\ifjf' kiX[`Z`ze [\ EXjZXikXj[\efd`eX[Xj[\i\Zfd\e[XZ`ze' èf
M
Ë
\ccXXfkifgfikiXej]\i\eZ`XfZfejk`klZ`ze[\ gXkifZ`e`ff[\fkiXdXe\iX'gficXjhl\j\ Â

ol
M
O,
ol
/2, :ikxZlcf41,)(;l\eX]\)EfjZfekiXkfj[\Y\eZ\c\YiXij\'`ek\igi\kXij\p\a\ZlkXij\[\Yl\eX]\)HYc`^XeefjzcfXcfhl\ ol
\jkv]fidXcd\ek\\ogi\jX[f'j`efXkf[XjcXjZfej\Zl\eZ`Xjhl\gl\[XeZfej`[\iXij\Zfdgi\e[`[Xj\e\ccfj'Zfecfj L.
AS
XcZXeZ\j\ehl\iXqfeXYc\d\ek\j\_XYixXfYc`^X[fleZfekiXkXek\Zl`[X[fjfpgi\m`jfi )
ol
/3, Ck dbkbo^i pbbpq^_ib`bbk bi ^oqÅ`ril /406,+E^o^kqÅ^ mlobsf``fÉk, L`cXZ\j`ze\jfe\ifjX'\cZ\[\ek\^XiXek`qX f-f
<
cX\o`jk\eZ`Xpc\^`k`d`[X[[\c[\i\Z_fXck`\dgf[\cXZ\j`ze'\oZ\gkfhl\j\kiXk\[\le[\i\Z_fc`k`^`fjffhl\j\cf İĮ
ZZ
Z\[XZfdf[l[fjf6g\ifef^XiXek`qXcXjfcm\eZ`X[\c[\l[fiZ\[`[fe`[\jlj]`X[fi\j'\oZ\gkfgXZkf\eZfekiXi`f
fdXcX]\ R^j_fÄk pb ab_bqbkbobk `rbkq^ bi ^oqÅ`ril /.26,+ Abp^`fÉk ab i^ obpmlkp^_fifa^a, >ecfjZXjfj\e
hl\j\gifdl\m\\cgifZ\jfal[`Z`Xc'cXi\jgfejXY`c`[X[gfi\m`ZZ`zeZ\jX5X%j`\cX[hl`i\ek\efZ`kXXc^XiXek\'fcf
l
_XZ\[\jglwj[\m\eZ`[f\cgcXqfhl\\jkXYc\Z\cXc\pgifZ\jXc6Y%j`\c^XiXek\efZfdgXi\Z\XcgifZ\jfal[`Z`Xc'p\c `l
X[hl`i\ek\' XZklXe[f[\dXcX]\' effgfe\cXj[\]\ejXjg\ik`e\ek\j' efcXjjfjk`\e\'fef`ek\igfe\fefgifj`^l\
cfji\Zlijfjfi[`eXi`fj[\hl\[`jgfe\ZfekiX\c]Xccf[\j]XmfiXYc\6Z%j`\cX[hl`i\ek\j\XccXeXXcX[\dXe[Xj`ecX 1
I
Zfe]fid`[X[[\c^ XiXek\6fjfd\k\cXZl\jk`zeXXiY`kiXa\p\ccXl[fc\\j[\j]XmfiXYc\)L`e\dYXi^f'cXi\jgfejXY`c`[X[
Q
jlYj`jk\j`\cX[hl`i\ek\gil\YXhl\'gfief_XY\i\o`jk`[ffgfj`Z`zealjkXhl\_XZ\iXc[\i\Z_f[\cm\eZ\[fi'cXZ`kXZ`ze
fgfikleX[\c^XiXek\g fi\m`ZZ`ze'fcX`ek\igfj`Z`zefjljkXeZ`XZ`ze[\cfji\Zlijfj'\iXe`e{k`c\j6fhl\\cXccXeXd`\ekf
à
O
f\ccXl[f[\j]XmfiXYc\jfeXaljkX[fjX[\i\Z_f )

ǼÉ Ó BÉ Ĥ É ÄĔŖ ĔI Ī F Ĕ I İ Ĝ I É L ĈĔĪIJ ŘĢ75


Xj\^li\cXjfcm\eZ`X'gifY`[X[lfkif_\Z_f Ckbp^iÅkb^ibdfpi^qfs^*bi^oqÅ`ril/677*pbobdri^
i\cXk`mfXhl`\egifZliXZiw[`kfjfleXZfe( m^o^ i^ mobp`ofm`fÉk^anrfpfqfs^ i^od^8
kiXkXZ`ze'effYc`^XeXjlfkfi^Xek\'\oZ\gkf
hl\_XpXej`[f[X[Xj[\dXcX ]\fZfee\( L`ef\o`jk\aljkf kxklcffYl\eX]\' \cgcXqf
^c`^\eZ`X'jlgl\jkf\ehl\[\Y\`e[\de`qXi \j [\ m\`ek\ $-+% Xyfj) Gfgl\[\`emfZXij\
cfj[Xyfjjl]i`[fjgfiXhlwchl\[XZiw[`kff ZfekiX \cX[hl`i\ek\ cX ]XckX f elc`[X[[\c
ZfekiXkXZfe]`Xe[f\ekXc\jdXe`]\jkXZ`fe\j ) kxklcff[\jl`ejZi`gZ`ze'e`cXdXcX]\[\jl
gfj\j`ze) MXdY`we X[hl`\i\\c[\i\Z_fi\Xc
J^cfdro^nrbqbkbjlp_^glbpqrafl*q^j _fÄkpb \chl\gfj\\[liXek\[`\q$,+%XyfjleXZfjX
j^kfcfbpq^bkbi`lkqo^qlab`bpfÉkababob`el dl\Yc\ i\^`jkiXYc\' ef _likX[X e`g\i[`[X'
mrbp `lkcloj b bi ^oqÅ`ril /407 j`\c[\i\Z_f hl\ef`ejZi`Y\XjlefdYi\g\ifcXi\Z`Y\[\c
ef\o`jk\Xck`\dgf[\cXZ\j`ze'\cZ\[\ek\[\Y\ k`klcXii\^`jkiXcf[\jl Z\j`feXi`f jlZ\j`mf'
i\jk`kl`iXcZ\j`feXi`f \cgi\Z`f i\Z`Y`[f' Zfe jlj j`\dgi\ hl\ cfj \c\d\ekfj `[\ek`]`ZXkfi`fj
`ek\i\j\j) L`\j [\dXcX ]\' [\Y\X[\dvjcX [`]\( hl\j\gi\mwe\e\ci\jg\Zk`mfiw^`d\e\jg\(
i\eZ`X \eki\\cmXcfii\Xc[\c[\i\Z_fZ\[`[fp\c Z`Xcj\XeZf`eZ`[\ek\j )
Pbsfpq^ bafq^a^ mlo^irjklp ab i^ D^`riq^a ab Bbob`el ab i^ Skfsbopfa^a ab Jfj^

gi\Z`f[\cXZ\j`ze )
K~p ^abi^kqb* abkqol abi qÅqril ab mlpbpfÉk v
Dfk^ijbkqb* a bkqol ab i^p afpmlpf`flkbp db+ qbkbk`f^ pbabp`of_bbi`lk`bmqlab_rbk^cbv*
kbo^ibp ab ilp qÅqrilp s^ilobp* bi ^oqÅ`ril /6/5 mlofkqbomobq^`fÉk*pbmrbababar`fobiabj^i^
m^rq^ nrb \c[\l[fihl\gX^X XcgfikX[fi[\c cbbk bi ^oqÅ`ril /7/6^kqbpqo^p`ofmql, Bbfdr^i
kxklcf mXcfiZfe]fid\ Zfe jl c\p[\ Z`iZlcXZ`ze jlalv^ebjlpobcbofal^i^mobprk`fÉkabj^i^
hl\[Xc`Y\iX[f'\oZ\gkfhl\Xcdfd\ekf[\cgX^f' cbabi^oqÅ`ril /7/7/5,
[`jgfe^X[\gil\YXjhl\[\dl\jki\ecXdXcX]\
[\chl\cfi\hl`\i\)L`e\dYXi^f'j`\c[\l[fief Ckbpq^~ob^^m^ob`b`ljlkloj^obibs^kqbmlo
i\Z`Y\\ckxklcfmXcfi'j\Xgc`ZXcf[`jgl\jkfgfi\c i^p`lkpb`rbk`f^pbpmb`f^ibpnrbqo^b*bi^oqÅ`ril
XikxZlcf ,3,4 V1) /70/*mlonrb obdi^jbkq^nrb8

-% 9\Z]aRS`SQV]a`SOZSa% EXgfj\j`ze [\ dXcX ]\\j m`Z`fjX ZlXe[f


\j [\ ZfjXjdl\Yc\j X[hl`i`[Xjgfi_likf'
Jlpabob`elpob^ibpbpi^j^qbof^alkabpbqo^q^ \jkX]X' f XYljf [\ Zfe]`XeqX6pZlXe[f \j
`lkj^vloabq^iibilp`ljmloq^jfbkqlpabj^i^ [\ `edl\Yc\j' X[hl`i`[fj g f i m`fc\eZ`X'
v_rbk^cb*mloi^p`lkpb`rbk`f^pnrbabbii^pb ZcXe[\jk`e`[X[' f XYljf [\ Zfe]`XeqX) Efj
abofs^kvnrbpbbum^kabk^i obpqlabiloabk^+ m`Z`fj [\ cXgfj\j`ze jfe i\cXk`mfj i\jg\Zkf
jfbkqlgroÅaf`l,N^o^prqo^q^jfbkqlpbdrfobjlp [\XhlwcZfekiXhl`\ej\\a\iZ\e)>ekf[fjcfj
biloabk krjÄof`l`ljlpbmobpbkq^k i^p`fq^p, ZXjfj'j\Xgfi\cd`jdfhl\ZXljX\cm`Z`ff
gfijljX^\ek\j'j\XZfekiX\cgfj\\[fifjlj
Ck mofjboqÄojfkl* pbabpq^`^ nrb i^ mobp`ofm+ i\gi\j\ekXek\j )
`fÉk^anrfpfqfs^pbe^abpmi^w^alabprqo^af`fl+
k^ir_f`^`fÉkgrkql^ioÄdfjbkabi^mobp`ofm`fÉk Cpab`fo*m^o^biAÉafdlbufpqbrk^j^i^cbpfjmib
bk dbkbo^i v if_bo^qlof^* m^o^ pbo bkrjbo^a^ v rk^ sf`flp^ nrbqfbkbk p^k`flkbp afcbobkqbp,
`ljlrk j lalab^anrfpf`fÉkabialjfkfl, Ck bp^p `lkpb`rbk`f^p `loobpmlkab bu^jfk^o
:=OH<:MNL /1.

/4, :ikxZlcf ,3,4)( M`klcXi`[X[) Jl`\e X[hl`\i\ le kxklcf mXcfiX kxklcf fe\ifjf' j`e ZlcgX^iXm\pZfe]fid\Zfe jlc\p
[\Z`iZlcXZ`ze' ef\jkvfYc`^X[fX[\jgi\e[\ij\[\ckxklcf mXcfip'\ejlZXjf' ef\jkvjla\kfXi\`m`e[`ZXZ`zee`XcX
i\g\k`Z`ze[\cfZfYiX[f )

/5, :ikxZlcf ,4-+)(=\k\id`eXZ`ze[\Yl\eXfdXcX]\)EXYl\eXfdXcX]\j\[\k\id`eXXcZfd`\eqf[\cXi\cXZ`ze[\


gf[\i'pg\idXe\Z\`emXi`XYc\d`\ekiXjefj\gif[lZ\leXel\mXX[hl`j`Z`ze)

Gfj`\e[fgfj`Yc\[\k\id`eXi\ck`\dgf\ehl\Zfd`\eqXcXdXcX]\'j\[\Y\\jkXiXc[xX[\cXZ`kXZ`zeXcal`Z`f )

ŤÜŨ ĈÉĬËĮÉĤ ÂĒĮÉĪĒÍ ĤĘĔĪĜĤĤÍ


`r~ibpplk i^p`lkpb`rbk`f^pab i^^anrfpf`fÉk gif[lZ`[f`^lXcd\ek\[\\jkXicXZfjX\egf[\i 7
abcorqlplmolar`qlppbdÑki^_rbk^lj^i^cb [\hl`\ek`\e\[\i\Z_fXjli\jk`klZ`ze ) SS

nrb abqbojfk^ bi ^oqÅ`ril /713, Ck bp^ kloj^ G<P


F +F
pbbpq^_ib`bnrb8 Pbpmb`qlabi^fkabjkfw^`fÉkvm^dlabjbgl+ JS
o^p*bi^oqÅ`ril /716*plpqfbkbnrb8 D<
OL
EXYl\eX]\[\cgfj\\[fi[\Y\\o`jk`i\eZX[X 6JIDG
G`e^{e jla\kf [\ i\cXZ`ze [\gf[\igl\[\ :LIG6C?:GD
_\Z_f[\g\iZ\gZ`ze[\]ilkfj6p cXYl\eXf
dXcX]\[\chl\jlZ\[\\ecXgfj\j`ze[\cX i\ZcXdXi`e[\de`qXZ`zegficXj d\afiXj[\
ZfjXj\alq^XjzcfZfei\cXZ`zeXcjlZ\jfip ef d\if dXek\e`d`\ekf e`gficXjjleklXi`Xj)
gficXYl\eXfdXcX]\[\jlXek\Z\jfi'j\XcX >jkXj {ck`dXjgl\[\e j\ii\k`iX[Xjj`Xc_X(
jlZ\j`zele`m\ijXcfgXik`ZlcXi) Z\icfefj\[XyXcXZfjX) Mf[fjla\kf[\leX
i\cXZ`ze[\gf[\igl\[\i\ZcXdXi\cZfjkf[\
>cgfj\\[fi[\Yl\eX]\_XZ\jlpfjcfj]ilkfj cXjd\afiXje\Z\jXi`Xj'\oZ\gkfhl\j\_XpXe
g\iZ`Y`[fjp cfj eXkliXc\j [\m\e^X[fj ef fi`^`eX[fgfijlZlcgXj`\j[\dXcX]\)Il\[\
g\iZ`Y`[fj) >c[\ dXcX ]\ [\Y\ i\jk`kl`icfj Xj`d`jdfi\ZcXdXi\cg X^f[\cXjd\afiXj{k`( ol
C
g\iZ`Y`[fjp cfjhl\gfijlZlcgX[\aX[\g\i( c\jg\ifjzcf_XjkX\cdXpfimXcfiX[hl`i`[f
Z`Y`i) L\X [\Yl\eXfdXcX ]\' [\Y\i\jk`kl`i gficXZfjX)EfjXZi\Z\ekXd`\ekfjfi`^`eX[fj ÉÖ
RH
cfjgif[lZkfjhl\_XpXfYk\e`[f[\cXZfjX) gfi_\Z_fj[\cXeXkliXc\qX\ee`e^{eZXjf L.
ol
jfeÖe[\de`qXYc\j ) L.
i-i
Efj]ilkfjg\e[`\ek\jZfii\jgfe[\e Xhl`\e ÉĜ
<
k`\e\[\i\Z_fXcXi\jk`klZ`ze[\cXZfjX ) Alk obi^`fÉk ^ i^qo^kpcloj^`fÉkv^``bpfÉk ab Ë
B
`lp^p jrb_ibp* bi ^oqÅ`ril /735/6* fkaf`^ bk pr gol
Ck`r^kql^i^obpmlkp^_fifa^amloabpqor``fÉk m^oqb`e]`e\nrb j`\ckiXej]fidX[fi\j[\dXcX ^f
M
pbdÑk i^ _rbk^ l j^i^ cb* bi ^oqÅ`ril /714 lo+ ]\'p cXZfjXkiXej]fidX[X\ji\m\ij`Yc\Xjl\jkX( M
CS

abk^nrb8 [fXek\i`fi'\c[l\yf[\cXZfjXgl\[\fgkXigfi l
ÉĜ
i\ZcXdXicXZfjXel\mXj`egX^XieX[XXchl\cX ^f
O
>cgfj\\[fi[\Yl\eX]\efi\jgfe[\[\cX _`qf6fXY[`ZXicXZfe`e[\de`qXZ`ze[\cmXcfi[\ ^ê
+l
[\jkilZZ`ze kfkXcfgXiZ`Xc[\ cX ZfjX' j`ef cXdXk\i`Xp[\c[Xyf ) RH
ol
_XjkX cX ZfeZlii\eZ`X [\cgifm\Z_fjlYj`j( X
Ck i^ `lkpqor``fÉk* pfbj_o^ v mi^kq^`flkbp* bi r
k\ek\)>c[\dXcX]\i\jgfe[\[\cX [\jkilZ( ol
We'
Z`ze kfkXcfgXiZ`Xc[\ cX ZfjX' \oZ\gkf hl\ ^oqÅ`ril/740/7mobsÄnrb p-%b-k\iZ\if\j[\dXcX
j\ _lY`\iXgif[lZ`[f `^lXcd\ek\ [\ \jkXi ]\'\c[l\yf[\c`edl\Yc\gl\[\\o`^`ic\hl\i\gfe( ^f
zl
cXZfjX\egf[\i[\hl`\ek`\e\[\i\Z_fXjl ^XcXZfjXXc\jkX[fXek\i`fiXjlZfjkX'Xd\efj Í
Ë
i\jk`klZ`ze) hl\cX[`]\i\eZ`X[\mXcfij\X`dgfikXek\'\eZlpf á
ZXjf[\Y\\cmXcfi[\cfjdXk\i`Xc\jp \ckiXYXaf'j` ol
L`cXgfj\j`ze\jm`Z`fjX'i\jgfe[\[\cX[\jkilZ( efgi\]`\i\XY[`ZXijl[\i\Z_fZfe`e[\de`qXZ`ze M
O,
Z`zekfkXcfgXiZ`Xc[\cXZfjX'Xlehl\j\_lY`\iX [\cmXcfi[\c`edl\Yc\p[\c[Xyf ) ol
(H
ol
M%
ÉĜ
ol
/6, :ikxZlcf,402)(MiXej]fidXZ`ze)AXpX[hl`j`Z`ze[\c[fd`e`fgfikiXej]fidXZ`zej`Xc^l`\e[\Yl\eX]\ZfeleXZfjX W(W
Xa\eX'd\[`Xek\jljfcXXZk`m`[X[fcX`eZfigfiXZ`ze[\fkiXZfjX'_XZ\leXel\mXZfe`ek\eZ`ze[\X[hl`i`icX'j`ehl\ <
ÉĜ
j\Xgfj`Yc\mfcm\icXXc\jkX[fXek\i`fi)>ekXcZXjf'jzcf[\Y\\cmXcfi[\cXgi`d\iX) ZZ

L`cXkiXej]fidXZ`zej\_XZ\[\dXcX]\'\c[l\yf[\cXdXk\i`Xk`\e\[\i\Z_fXj\i`e[\de`qX[f[\kf[f[Xyf'j`ef
gi\]`\i\k\e\icXZfjX\ejlel\mX]fidX6\e\jk\ZXjf[\Y\gX^XiXckiXej]fidX[fijlkiXYXaff\cdXpfimXcfihl\_XpX l
X[hl`i`[fcXZfjX'Xjl\c\ZZ`ze) \e

L`\ckiXej]fidX[fi\j[\Yl\eX]\pcXZfjXkiXej]fidX[X\ji\m\ij`Yc\Xjl\jkX[fXek\i`fi'\c[l\yf[\cXdXk\i`X\j
Ò
[l\yf[\cXel\mX\jg\Z`\6\e\jk\ZXjf[\Y\gX^XiXckiXej]fidX[fijlkiXYXaf6g\ifgl\[\fgkXigfi\o`^`i\cmXcfi[\
cfj^Xjkfj[\cXi\m\ij`ze ) +
à
/7, :ikxZlcf ,41-)( <fejkilZZ`ze' j`\dYiXpgcXekXZ`ze) L`\c[l\yf [\ le `edl\Yc\ Zfejkilp\' j`\dYiX fgcXekX Zfe O
dXk\i`Xc\jXa\efj'cfjX[hl`\i\'g\if[\Y\jlmXcfi)L`\j[\dXcX]\kXdY`we[\Y\cfj[Xyfj)

ǼÉ Ó BÉ Ĥ É Ä Ĕ Ô ĔI Ī F Ĕ I İ Ĝ I É L ĈĔĪIJ ŤÜÜ
Pbcbobkqb^i^fks^pfÉkabfkjrb_ib`lifka^kqb* jfi\j!gXik`ZlcXi\j! [\! d XcX! ]\'! ZlXe[f! [\
bi^oqÅ`ril/741(0.obdri^ obpmb`qlabiqbj^nrb cfj! XZkfj! i\jlck\! \c![\jXgf[\iXd`\ekf)! EX
j`!\c!`emXjfi!\j![\!dXcX! ]\!p!\c![l\yf! [\c!]le[f XZZ`ze!gl\[\!\a\iZ\ij\!Xle!ZfekiX!\c![l\yf
`emX[`[f!j\!fgljf!`ed\[`XkXd\ek\![\!ZfefZ`[X [\c!Y`\e!j`!kfdX!cX!ZfjX![\!gifg`X!Xlkfi`[X[)
cX!`emXj`ze'! wjk\!gl\[\!g\[`i!cX![\dfc`Z`ze![\!cf >jkX!XZZ`ze!Zfdgi\e[\!\c![\jXgf[\iXd`\e(
Zfejkil`[f)! L`e! \dYXi^f'! j`! i\jlckX! dXe`]`\jkX( kf!gif[lZ`[f!gfi!cX!i\Xc`qXZ`ze![\!leX!fYiX
d\ek\!XYlj`mX'!\c!al\q!gl\[\!i\Z_XqXi!cX!g\k`Z`ze Ì ÏÊ ÎÊ ÈĤ Ġ ĖÊ Ģ IJĐ Đ Ĕ Đ ÈÊ Í ÊĢ ÊĞ ĤE GÊĨĤ ÎĤEÍÊ ÊĞ
p !fi[\eXi!cX!`e[\de`qXZ`ze ) ZlXc!\c!XZkfi!\a\iZ\!cX!gfj\j`ze!f!cX!k\e\eZ`X)
EX! j\ek\eZ`X!hl\!_XZ\! cl^Xi!X! cX! [\dXe[X
Cki^obsl`^`fÉkabialj fkflab`lp^obdfpqo^_ib [\Y\!fi[\eXi!cX!i\jk`klZ`ze![\!cX!ZfjX!f![\!cX
pbafpmlkb*bkbi^oqÅ`ril /745nrb k`\e\!\]\Zkf le`m\ijXc`[X['! f!cX!i\dfZ`ze![\!cX!fYiX!hl\
i\kifXZk`mf'! \oZ\gkf! hl\! cf! ZfekiXi`f! jliaX! [\c j\! Zfd`\eqX! X! _XZ\i6! k`\e\! \]\Zkf! [\! ZfjX
kxklcf![\!X[hl`j`Z`ze!f![\!cX!c\p)! <lXe[f!j\!kiXkX alq^X[X!dXk\i`Xc!\e!kf[f!ZlXekf!j\!i\]`\i\!X
[\!ZfjXj!ef! i\^`jkiXYc\j'! cX! i\mfZXZ`ze! ef! k`\e\ cX!gfj\j`ze!f!X!cX!k\e\eZ`X )
\]\Zkf! i\jg\Zkf![\! k\iZ\ifj!j`ef! \e! ZlXekf!\ccfj'
Pbsfpq^ bafq^a^ mlo^irjklp ab i^ D^`riq^a ab Bbob`el ab i^ Skfsbopfa^a ab Jfj^

gfi!iXqze! [\!jl!dXcX! ]\'! k\e^Xe! leX!fYc`^XZ`ze Ck pbkqfal `lk`loa^kqb ^m^ob`bk ilp ^oqÅ`rilp
g\ijfeXc![\!i\jk`kl`i!cX!ZfjX ) 00370/v004.00,

Dfk^ijbkqb*bkbi^oqÅ`ril002/ pbfkaf`^nrb8 ÛO ÂI ĔĤ ÁĔĪĔËGÍ ĒĔ ĤÉĬ ĬĮËĔĬĜÍIĔĬO

<fii\jgfe[\! cX! XZZ`ze! [\! [\jgfaf! gXiX Bbkqol abi oÄdfjbk ab i^p pr`bpflkbp dfik`j
i\Zlg\iXi!cX! k\e\eZ`X! f! cX!gfj\j`ze! X! kf[f ZXljX\pbe^bpq^_ib`falbkbi^oqÅ`ril0061nrb8
k\e\[fi!f!gfj\\[fi!jfYi\! leX! ZfjX! f! leX
le`m\ijXc`[X[![\!_\Z_f'!Xlehl\!j\X!m`Z`fjf' EX! \oZclj`ze! [\c! `e[`^ef! jzcf! gl\[\! j\i
ZfekiX! \c![\jgfaXek\'! jlj! _\i\[\ifj!p!jlZ\( [\dXe[X[X![\jglwj![\!XY`\ikX!cX!jlZ\j`ze'

L`!cX!ZfejkilZZ`ze'!j`\dYiX!f!gcXekXZ`ze!\j!i\Xc`qX[X!gfi!le!k\iZ\if'!cfj!dXk\i`Xc\j!g\ik\e\Z\e!Xc![l\yf![\c!`edl\Yc\'
hl`\e![\Y\!`e[\de`qXi!\c!dXpfi!mXcfi!X[hl`i`[f)

L`!cX!ZfejkilZZ`ze'!j`\dYiX!f!gcXekXZ`ze!\j!i\Xc`qX[X!gfi!le!k\iZ\if!Zfe!kiXYXaf!f!dXk\i`Xc\j!Xa\efj!\e!`edl\Yc\!Xa\ef'
hl`\e!\]\Zk{X!\c!kiXYXaf!f!hl`\e!gifm\\!cfj!dXk\i`Xc\j!ef!k`\e\!XZZ`ze![`i\ZkX!ZfekiX!\c![l\yf![\c!`edl\Yc\'!g\if!gl\[\
\o`^`ic\!cf!hl\![\YX!Xc!k\iZ\if )

0., â:ikxZlcf 541.)(!BemXj`ze![\!`edl\Yc\!Zfc`e[Xek\)!Jl`\e!Zfejkilp\!\e!jl!`edl\Yc\'!g\if![\!Yl\eX!]\!`emX[\!\c!`edl\Yc\


Zfc`e[Xek\'!gl\[\!fYc`^Xi!X!jl![l\yf!X! i\jg\kXi!cf!Zfejkil`[f'! j`!wjk\!ef!j\!fgljf!`ed\[`XkXd\ek\![\!ZfefZ`[X!cX
`emXj`ze)

>c![l\yf![\c!`edl\Yc\!Zfc`e[Xek\!gl\[\!\o`^`i!cX!`e[\de`qXZ`ze![\c!mXcfi![\!cX!gXik\!`emX[`[X![\c!`edl\Yc\)!Il\[\
i\ZcXdXi!jl!X[hl`j`Z`ze! kfkXc!j`!j\!d\efjZXYX!j`^e`]`ZXk`mXd\ek\!\c!Xgifm\Z_Xd`\ekf!efidXc![\c!`edl\Yc\!p'! \e!jl
ZXjf'!cX![`jd`elZ`ze![\c!mXcfi![\!cX!gXik\!ef!`emX[`[X)!L`!\c!`emXjfi!ef!`e[\de`qX'!gl\[\!j\i!fYc`^X[f!X![\dfc\i!cf
Zfejkil`[f )

0/, :ikxZlcf!--04)(=\i\Z_f!X!i\\dYfcjf)!L`!j\!i\`m`e[`ZX!le!fYa\kf!dl\Yc\!ef!i\^`jkiXYc\!ifYX[f!f!g\i[`[f![\!le!gfj\\[fi
[\!Yl\eX!]\'!wjk\!ef!gl\[\!i\ZcXdXic\!Xc!i\`m`e[`ZXek\!\c!gi\Z`f!hl\!gX^z'!\oZ\gkf!hl\!\c!fYa\kf!j\!_XpX!m\e[`[f!Zfe
fkifj!`^lXc\j!\e!leX!m\ekX!g{Yc`ZX'!f!\e!ZXjX![\!m\ekX![\!fYa\kfj!j\d\aXek\j'!f!gfi!hl`\e!XZfjkldYiXYX!X!m\e[\icfj)

L`!j\! kiXkX! [\! leX! ZfjX! dl\Yc\! i\^`jkiXYc\! ifYX[X! f!g\i[`[X'! p!cX! `ejZi`gZ`ze! i\^`jkiXc!j\! fYk`\e\! [\! Yl\eX! ]\'! \c
i\`m`e[`ZXek\![\Y\!i\`ek\^iXi!Xc!i\`m`e[`ZX[f!\c!`dgfik\!XYfeX[f)
: = O H < : M N L  /1.

>e!ZXjf![\!i\\dYfcjf'!\c!i\`m`e[`ZXek\!k`\e\![\i\Z_f!X!i\g\k`i!\c!gX^f!ZfekiX!\c!\eXa\eXek\![\!dXcX!]\ )

--)! :ikxZlcf!--1+)(!:cZXeZ\)! EX!XZZ`ze! i\`m`e[`ZXkfi`X![\! leX! ZfjX! dl\Yc\!ef!i\^`jkiXYc\!ef!gl\[\!\a\iZ\ij\!ZfekiX! \c


jlYX[hl`i\ek\![\!le![\i\Z_f!i\Xc![\!Yl\eX!]\!p !X!kxklcf!fe\ifjf!\oZ\gkf![`jgfj`Z`ze!c\^Xc!\e!ZfekiXi`f6!j`e!\dYXi^f'!\c
i\`m`e[`ZXek\!gl\[\!i\ZcXdXic\!kf[f!f!gXik\![\c!gi\Z`f!`ejfclkf)

>c!jlYX[hl`i\ek\![\!le!`edl\Yc\!f![\!leX!ZfjX!dl\Yc\!i\^`jkiXYc\!ef!gl\[\!XdgXiXij\!\e!jl!Yl\eX!]\!p!\e!\c!kxklcf
fe\ifjf'!j`!\c!XZkf!j\!i\Xc`qX!j`e!`ek\im\eZ`ze![\c!k`klcXi![\c![\i\Z_f )

ȚTT ĈÉĬËĮÉĤ ÂĒĮÉĪĒÍ ĤĘĔĪĜĤĤÍ


X`ejkXe[f [\ hl`\egi\k\e[\ cfj [\i\Z_fj [\dXcX]\\cZldgc`d`\ekf[\cXZfe[`Z`zegficX è 8 
Xki`Yl`[fj Xc`e[`^ef) MXdY`wegl\[\fgf( gXik\\eZlpf[\ki`d\ekf_XYixX[\i\Xc`qXij\'j\ ww
Zfej`[\iXivZldgc`[X):cZfekiXi`f'j\Zfej`[\iXiv iiii
e\icX Zfdf \oZ\gZ`ze \c [\dXe[X[f gfi
FU
i\[lZZ`ze'ZfcXZ`zefg\k`Z`ze[\_\i\eZ`X)EX efZldgc`[X'j`j\_Xcc\mX[fX\]\Zkf[\dXcX]\ jjj
XZZ`zegl\[\j\i[`i`^`[XZfekiXcfjjlZ\jfi\j gficXgXik\Xhl`\eXgifm\Z_\kXcZldgc`d`\ekf ) MME
MO
Xkxklcf^iXkl`kf[\c`e[`^efp ZfekiXjljjl( 6JIDG
:LIG6C?:GD
Z\jfi\jgXik`ZlcXi\jXkxklcffe\ifjf[\dXcX Nloprm^oqb*bi^oqÅ`ril0// obdi^nrb j`\c\e^X(
]\)L\Zfej`[\iX[\dXcX]\Xhl`\eZfefZ\cX yfef\j[\kXceXkliXc\qXhl\_XpX[\k\id`eX[f
\o`jk\eZ`X[\cXZXljX[\`e[`^e`[X[ )-. cXmfclekX[' \cXZkfj\ivmvc`[f' Xlehl\j`e wcj\
_lY`\j\ZfeZcl`[f\eZfe[`Z`fe\j[`jk`ekXj6g\if
Bbfdr^i jlal*bi ^oqÅ`ril01/1 pb e^ abqboj f+ cXgXik\hl\ XZklz [\ dXcX ]\ i\jgfe[\iv [\cX
k^al nrb j\Xgc`ZXXcXg\k`Z`ze [\_\i\eZ`Xcf `e[\de`qXZ`ze[\[Xyfjpg\ial`Z`fj )Ckbpqb`^pl
[`jgl\jkfjfYi\cXi\`m`e[`ZXZ`ze\eZlXekfXcXj `^_b^asboqfonrbbi ibdfpi^alo^pfjfi^ rk ml`l
fYc`^XZ`fe\j [\cgfj\\[fi[\ Yl\eX f dXcX ]\' i^ j^i^cb`lkbi alilfk`fabkq^i*ilpnrb*`ljl
^Xjkfj'd\afiXj'Xgifg`XZ`ze[\]ilkfjp gif[lZ( qo^q^objlpabjlpqo^o*plkcfdro^p^_plirq^jbk+ .1
á
kfj'i\jgfejXY`c`[X[gfigwi[`[Xjp[\k\i`fifj)>j qbfkabmbkafbkqbp03,
gfj\\[fi[\dXcX]\\chl\ZfefZ\f[\Y`zZfefZ\i `r
up
cX\o`jk\eZ`X[\_\i\[\ifjgi\]\i\ek\jfZfeZlii\e( R^j_fÄk pb jbk`flk^ ^ i^ j^i^ cb bk bi fk`fpl Q1
_\

k\jhl\`^efiXYXejlccXdXd`\ekf ) 7abi ^oqÅ`ril052`r^kal mobsÄnrbbp krilbi íM


j ^qofj lkfl abcfjZfekiXp\ek\jhl\'XZklXe[f :T
<
J% @5A5@5:99B9@7x8=;C7=J=@ XdYfj [\ dXcX ]\' cfZ\c\Yi\e Xek\ ]leZ`feXi`f <
1
89@D9Fy `eZfdg\k\ek\'j`eg\ial`Z`f[\cXi\jgfejXY`c`[X[ DN
X[d`e`jkiXk`mX'Z`m`cfg\eXc[\wjk\)EXXZZ`zeef `r
zl
CiAÉafdlAfsfiabiNboÑbkprkloj^qfs^*^ifdr^i gl\[\j\igcXek\X[XgficfjZzepl^\j ) l
]`
nrblqo^p`lafcf`^`flkbp*obdri^bks^oflp^oqÅ`r+ m
:s
ilpilpbcb`qlpdbkbo^alp^ m^oqfoab`lkar`q^p Alj mibq^ bpqb qbj ^ bi ^oqÅ`ril 062 `r^kal Qb
M
`^ifcf`^a^p ab _rbk^ NP l ab j^i^ cb* ^asfoqfÄk+ fkaf`^ nrb \cd Xki`d fe`f `emXc`[X[fgif[lZ\ M'
M
alpb nrb* bk jrv ml`^p kloj^p* bi ibdfpi^alo \]\ZkfjZ`m`c\ji\jg\Zkf[\cfjZzepl^\j\_`afjj`j\ M

-+:
_ofka^ rk^`lk`bmqr^ifw^`fÉkabi^pcfdro^p, ZfekiXaf[\Yl\eX]\'Zfdfj`]l\j\ledXki`dfe`f 1
mvc`[f[`jl\ckfgfi[`mfiZ`f)L`_lYfdXcX]\\elef S
d
JJ,
Alk obi^`fÉk ^ i^ j^i^ cb* `^_b qo^kp`of_fo bi [\cfjZzepl^\j'\cdXki`dfe`fefgif[lZ\\]\Zkfj
`lkqbkfalab^idrklp^oqÅ`rilpbk ilp`r^ibppb \ejl]Xmfi'g\ifjxi\jg\Zkf[\cfkifp[\cfj_`afj) OW
M
jbk`flk^ ^ i^ jfpj^ v e^pq^ pb abcfkb `ljl >c\iifi[\[\i\Z_fefg\ial[`ZXcXYl\eX]\ -1) /-/
l
U
ab_bpbop^k`flk^a^l`r~ibpplki^p`lkpb`rbk+ á
op
`f^pnrbqo^b^m^obg^a^pr`lkcfdro^`fÉk,Ckbpb Ckbi j^o`labilpabob`elpob^ibppb`lkpfabo^* TŦ

pbkqfal*bi^oqÅ`ril/54pbÇ^i^nr\ j`j\`dg`[`\j\ bk bi ^oqÅ`ril 7.6* nrb \cgfj\\[fi[\dXcX ]\ M


l,
.1
L6
k9
-+(

R1
OW

01, :ikxZlcf--30)(>]\Zkfj):[d`k`[Xal[`Z`Xcd\ek\cX\oZclj`ze'\c`e[`^ef[\Y\i\jk`kl`icfjY`\e\ji\Z`Y`[fj'Xgc`Zve[fj\ _\
W(W
cf[`jgl\jkfgXiX\cgfj\\[fi[\dXcX]\)=\Y\kXdY`wegX^Xi`ek\i\j\j[\cXjjldXj[\[`e\ifi\Z`Y`[Xj'Xlehl\efcfj
<
_XpXg\iZ`Y`[f) MÅ
ZZ
Efj[\i\Z_fjpfYc`^XZ`fe\j\eki\\c`e[`^efp\cZXljXek\i\eXZ\e'XjxZfdfcXj^XiXekxXjhl\cfjXj\^liXYXe )

02, Pbcbobk`f^ppl_obi^_rbk^cbbkbiAÉafdlAfsfiabiNboÑ8^oqÅ`rilp/72*/75*055*062*063*443*444*605*643*7.1*
,
7.6*715*72/*720*722*723*724*726*73.*73/*/.2.*//13* //14* /0/.*/001*/05.*/05/*/050*/054*/273* /45.* b`
/5.6*/6/.*/723*0.12*0.16*bq`,

03, Alk`rboa^8 :ikxZlcf--4)(FXcX]\[\c`eZXgXq)L`\c`eZXgXq_XgifZ\[`[f[\dXcX]\fZlckXe[fjl`eZXgXZ`[X[gXiX Õ


`e[lZ`iXcXZ\c\YiXZ`ze[\cXZkf'e`wc'e`jlj_\i\[\ifjfZ\j`feXi`fj'gl\[\eXc\^XicXelc`[X[ ) +
à
04, Alk`rboa^8 :ikxZlcf-30)(>]\Zkfj[\cX`emXc`[\qdXki`dfe`Xc]i\ek\Xk\iZ\ifj)>cdXki`dfe`f`emXc`[X[fgif[lZ\cfj O
\]\Zkfj[\ledXki`dfe`fmvc`[f[`jl\ckfgfi[`mfiZ`f']i\ek\Xcfjk\iZ\ifjhl\_lY`\iXeXZklX[f[\Yl\eX]\ )

ǼÉ Ó BÉ Ĥ É ÄĔŖ ĔI Ī F Ĕ I İ Ĝ I É L ĈĔĪIJ ȚTŤ


i\jgfe[\ [\ cX gwi[`[X f [\ki`d\ekf [\c Y`\e Xle d`ccXj p cX `e[\de`qXZ`ze gfi cfj [Xyfj p g\i(
gfi ZXjf ]fikl`kf f ]l\iqX dXpfi' jXcmf hl\ wjk\ al`Z`fj ZXljX[fj) L` cX \[`]`ZXZ`ze f j`\dYiX \j
kXdY`we j\ _lY`\j\ gif[lZ`[f \e ZXjf [\ _XY\i _\Z_X [\ dXcX ]\ j\ Xgc`ZX \c gviiX]f Xek\i`fi'
\jkX[f \e gf[\i [\ jl k`klcXi 6v*bkbi7/.*nrb \c g\if hl`\e Zfejkilp\ f j`\dYiX [\Y\ gX^Xi
gfj\\[fi [\ dXcX ]\ \jkv fYc`^X[f X \eki\^Xi cfj \c [fYc\ [\c mXcfi [\ cfj dXk\i`Xc\j' gcXekXj f
]ilkfj g\iZ`Y`[fj p' j` ef \o`jk\e' X gX^Xi jl mXcfi \j( j\d`ccXj p cX Zfii\jgfe[`\ek\ `e[\de`qXZ`ze
k`dX[f Xc k`\dgf hl\ cfj g\iZ`Y`z f [\Y`z g\iZ`Y`z#-2) [\ [Xyfj p g\ial`Z`fj ).+

Ck bi `^pl ab bafcf`^`fÉk bk qboobkl ^gbkl* pb Aljlpb`lifdb*biAÉafdlAfsfi abi NboÑkl e^
ab`obq^ bk bi ^oqÅ`ril 720 nrb j` \c gifg`\kXi`f `lk`bmqr^ifw^albkqÄojfklpdbkbo^ibpnrbbp
[\c jl\cf fYiX [\ dXcX ]\' cX fgZ`ze [\ hl\ kiXkX i^j^i^cb`ljlcfdro^*mbolbsfabkqbj bkqbkl
\c XikxZlcf 4/,06Zfii\jgfe[\ Xc `emXjfi [\ Yl\eX pb mrbab abp`lkl`bo nrb bp rk^ fkpqfqr`fÉk
]\' hl`\e \e kXc ZXjf gl\[\ \o`^`i hl\ j\ c\ gX^l\ \c fk`lomlo^a^ ^ pr qbuql* o^wÉk mlo i^ `r^i pb
mXcfi XZklXc [\ cX \[`]`ZXZ`ze f gX^Xi \c mXcfi Zfd\i( ab_b ^k^ifw^oabcloj^ pfpqÄjf`^ `lk bi obpql
Z`Xc XZklXc [\c k\ii\ef )W^ prsbw*bk bi 721*nrb ab i^p kloj^p* m^o^ sbo pf pb mrbab fkcbofo pr
Pbsfpq^ b a fq^ a ^  m l o ^ ir j k l p  ab i^ D ^`riq^a ab B bob`el ab i^ S k fs b op fa ^ a  ab Jfj^

ZlXe[f j\ \[`]`hl\ [\ dXcX ]\ \e k\ii\ef Xa\ef' \c `lk`bmqlv oÄdfjbk,


[l\yf gl\[\ \o`^`i cX [\dfc`Z`ze [\ cf \[`]`ZX[f j`
c\ ZXljXi\ g\ial`Z`f' dvj \c gX^f [\ cX `e[\de`qX( Ckbp^ _Ñpnrba^*pb mrbabab`fonrbbkdbkb+
Z`ze Zfii\jgfe[`\ek\ f _XZ\i jlpf cf \[`]`ZX[f j`e o^i* bi ^oqÅ`ril /46 abi AÉafdl Afsfi fkaf`^ nrb
fYc`^XZ`ze [\ gX^Xi jl mXcfi) >e \c gi`d\i ZXjf cX \c XZkf alix[`Zf [\Y\ j\i `ek\igi\kX[f [\ XZl\i[f
[\dfc`Z`ze \j [\ ZXi^f [\c `emXjfi -4) Zfe cf hl\ j\ _XpX \ogi\jX[f \e wc p j\^{e \c gi`e(
Z`g`f [\ cX Yl\eX ]\ ) Bb jlal `lk`loa^kqb* bi
Ck bpq^ jfpj^ qbj~qf`^ bi ^oqÅ`ril 723 obdri^ ^oqÅ`ril/140bpq^_ib`bnrb cfj ZfekiXkfj [\Y\e
nrb8 e\^fZ`Xij\' Z\c\YiXij\ p \a\ZlkXij\ j\^{e cXj i\^cXj
[\ cX Yl\eX ]\ p Zfd{e `ek\eZ`ze [\ cXj gXik\j )
>c hl\ [\ Yl\eX ]\ \[`]`ZX Zfe dXk\i`Xc\j
Xa\efj f j`\dYiX gcXekXj f j\d`ccXj Xa\eXj Ck `r^kql^i mbocfi ab i^ j^i^cbplil mlabjlp
X[hl`\i\ cf Zfejkil`[f f j\dYiX[f' g\if [\Y\ abar`foil mlo rk^ fkqbomobq^`fÉk bk pbkqfal
gX^Xi \c mXcfi [\ cfj dXk\i`Xc\j' gcXekXj f j\( `lkqo^oflabrklpml`lp^oqÅ`rilpabiAÉafdl,

05, :ikxZlcf 4+2( EX Yl\eX ]\ [liX d`\ekiXj cXj Z`iZlejkXeZ`Xj g\id`kXe Xc gfj\\[fi Zi\\i hl\ gfj\\ c\^xk`dXd\ek\ f'
\e kf[f ZXjf' _XjkX hl\ j\X Z`kX[f \e al`Z`f' j` cX [\dXe[X i\jlckX ]le[X[X ) Cpqb ^oqÅ`ril bp fjmloq^kqb mlonrb
fjmiÅ`fq^jbkqbbpq^ j^o`^kalnrbi^ j^i^cbqfbkbnrbsbo`lk i^c^iq^ ab`lkl`fjfbkqll fdklo^k`f^abnrfbk
mlpbbfibdÅqfj^jbkqb,

06, :ikxZlcf 4 / >[`]`ZXZ`ze [\ Yl\eX ]\ \e k\ii\ef Xa\ef) <lXe[f j\ \[`]`hl\ [\ Yl\eX ]\ \e k\ii\ef Xa\ef' \c [l\yf [\c
jl\cf gl\[\ fgkXi \eki\ _XZ\i jlpf cf \[`]`ZX[f l fYc`^Xi Xc `emXjfi X hl\ c\ gX^l\ \c k\ii\ef) >e \c gi`d\i ZXjf' \c [l\yf
[\c jl\cf [\Y\ gX^Xi \c mXcfi [\ cX \[`]`ZXZ`ze' Zlpf dfekf j\iv \c gifd\[`f \eki\ \c Zfjkf p \c mXcfi XZklXc [\ cX fYiX)
>e \c j\^le[f ZXjf' \c `emXjfi [\Y\ gX^Xi \c mXcfi Zfd\iZ`Xc XZklXc [\c k\ii\ef )

07, Alk`rboa^8 :ikxZlcf 4//)(BemXj`ze [\c jl\cf Zfc`e[Xek\) <lXe[f Zfe leX \[`]`ZXZ`ze j\ _X `emX[`[f gXiZ`Xcd\ek\ p [\
Yl\eX ]\ \c jl\cf [\ cX gifg`\[X[ m\Z`eX j`e hl\ \c [l\yf [\ wjkX j\ _XpX fgl\jkf' \c gifg`\kXi`f [\c \[`]`Z`f X[hl`\i\ \c
k\ii\ef fZlgX[f' gX^Xe[f jl mXcfi' jXcmf hl\ [\jkilpX cf Zfejkil`[f)

L` cX gfiZ`ze fZlgX[X _`Z`\i\ `ejl]`Z`\ek\ \c i\jkf [\c k\ii\ef gXiX lk`c`qXicf \e leX ZfejkilZZ`ze efidXc' gl\[\ \o`^`ij\
Xc `emXjfi hl\ cf X[hl`\iX kfkXcd\ek\)
: = O H < : MN L  /1.

<lXe[f cX `emXj`ze X hl\ j\ i\]`\i\ \jk\ XikxZlcf _XpX j`[f [\ dXcX ]\' i\^`iv cf [`jgl\jkf \e \c XikxZlcf 4/. )

1., :ikxZlcf 4/1)( :ZZ\j`ze eXkliXc) >c gifg`\kXi`f [\ Xe`dXc _\dYiX X[hl`\i\ cX ZixX' jXcmf gXZkf \e ZfekiXixf) IXiX hl\
cfj Xe`dXc\j j\ Zfej`[\i\e ]ilkfj' YXjkX hl\ \jkwe \e \c m`\eki\ [\ cX dX[i\' Xlehl\ ef _XpXe eXZ`[f) >e cfj ZXjfj
[\ `ej\d`eXZ`ze Xik`]`Z`Xc i\Xc`qX[X Zfe \c\d\ekfj i\gif[lZk`mfj gifZ\[\ek\j [\ Xe`dXc Xa\ef' \c gifg`\kXi`f [\ cX
_\dYiX X[hl`\i\ cX ZixX gX^Xe[f \c mXcfi [\c \c\d\ekf i\gif[lZkfi' j` fYiX [\ Yl\eX ]\' p \c ki`gc\ [\ [`Z_f mXcfi' j` cf
_XZ\ [\ dXcX ]\ )

ȚTȚ ĈÉĬËĮÉĤ ÂĒĮÉĪĒÍ ĤĘĔĪĜĤĤÍ


Sklabbiilpbpbi^oqÅ`ril7.4*bi`r^ipbÇ^i^nrb gfim`ikl[[\ ZXljXjhl\ef Zfejk\e \e cfj è
cXgfj\j`ze `c\^xk`dX \j [\ Yl\eX ]\ZlXe[f \c Xj`\ekfj i\^xjkiXc\jp cfj kxklcfjXiZ_`mX[fj
gfj\\[fiZi\\\ejlc\^`k`d`[X['gfi`^efiXeZ`Xf hl\cfjljk\ekXe) EXYl\eX]\[\ck\iZ\ifj\ <<<< ,
F +F 
\iifi[\_\Z_ff[\[\i\Z_fjfYi\\cm`Z`fhl\`emX( gi\jld\d`\ekiXjefj\gil\Y\hl\ZfefZxX T?H
c`[Xjlkxklcf )Cpab`fo*^ZfekiXi`fj\ejl'`r^kal cX`e\oXZk`kl[[\ci\^`jkif ) M
llk
e^v^`lkl`fjfbkqlabi^`^obk`f^abibdfqfjfa^a 6JIDG
Gdr^iqo^q^j fbkqlpbmobp`of_bbkbi^oqÅ`ril443 :LIG6C?:GD
abi^mlpbpfÉk*pbo~abj^i^cb,
m^o^ i^^``fÉk obfsfkaf`^qloÅ^ab_fbkbpebobaf+
? fdr^i `lk`irpfÉk mlabjlp^oof_^o`r^kalpb q^oflp*`r^kalfkaf`^nrb8
bu^jfk^bi^oqÅ`ril/046sfk`ri^al`lkbi m^dl
fkab_falob`f_falab_rbk^cb*alkabpbobdri^ IifZ\[\ZfekiX\ck\iZ\ifhl\'j`e Yl\eX]\'
nrb hl\[X \o\ekf [\ cXfYc`^XZ`ze [\ i\jk`kl`i X[hl`\i\cfj Y`\e\j _\i\[`kXi`fjgfi\]\Zkf
hl`\e'Zi\p\e[f[\Yl\eX]\hl\\cgX^fj\_XZxX [\ZfekiXkfjX kxklcffe\ifjfZ\c\YiX[fgfi
gfiZl\ekX [\ le Ziw[`kf c\^xk`dfp jlYj`jk\ek\' \c_\i\[\ifXgXi\ek\hl\\ekiz\egfj\j`ze
_lY`\j\`elk`c`qX[f\ckxklcf'c`d`kX[ffZXeZ\cX[f [\\ccfj)L`j\ kiXkX[\Y`\e\ji\^`jkiX[fj' cX ol
á
cXj^XiXekxXj[\jl[\i\Z_ff[\aX[fgi\jZi`Y`icX Yl\eX ]\[\cX[hl`i\ek\ j\gi\jld\j`' Xe(
XZZ`ze\cm\i[X[\if[\l[fi Qfkird^o^ ebpf+ k\j [\ cX Z\c\YiXZ`ze [\cZfekiXkf' _lY`\iX 7m
VH
q^`fÉk* bi `lkl`fj fbkql ab i^ fibdfqfj fa^a abi \jkX[f [\Y`[Xd\ek\ `ejZi`kf' \e \ci\^`jkif (H
ol
`oÄafqlqlok^^i^`obbalomrq^qfslabj^i^cb, i\jg\Zk`mf'\ckxklcfhl\XdgXiXYXXc_\i\[\if M
XgXi\ek\pcX kiXejd`j`ze[\[fd`e`f\ejl ol
<
Ck^oqÅ`ril7.5abiAÉafdlAfsfi Nbor^kl*j^o`^ ]Xmfi' p  ef _lY`\iX XefkX[X [\dXe[X e` `
1
i^qbjmlo^ifa^a*mobsfbkalnrb cXYl\eX]\[liX d\[`[Xgi\ZXlkfi`Xhl\X]\Zk\cfj[\i\Z_fj ]ol
d`\ekiXjcXjZ`iZlejkXeZ`Xjg\id`kXeXcgfj\\[fi `ejZi`kfj) >e cfj [\dvj ZXjfj' \c _\i\[\if ^f
R1
Zi\\ihl\gfj\\ c\^xk`dXd\ek\ f' \e kf[fZXjf' m\i[X[\if k`\e\\c[\i\Z_f [\i\`m`e[`ZXi\c M
&8
_XjkX hl\ j\X Z`kX[f \eal`Z`f' j` cX [\dXe[X Y`\e_\i\[`kXi`fZfekiXhl`\ecfgfj\XXkxklcf r
`r
i\jlckX]le[X[X ) ^iXkl`kffj`ekxklcf ) &S
(
D?
PK
Cpq^p ml`^p kloj^p* j~p ^ii~ ab kl abcfkfo^ i^ Ck bi ^oqÅ`ril 7/2 pb pbÇ^i^ nrb pbgi\jld\cX +M
ÁÀ
-+ f
j^i^cb*pfdrbkbi`ofqbofldbkbo^iabsfk`ri^obpq^ Yl\eX]\[\cgfj\\[fi'jXcmfgil\YX\eZfekiXi`f)
r
cfdro^`lk bi `lkl`fjfbkqll p^_boi^ pfqr^`fÉk EXgi\jleZ`ze X hl\ j\ i\]`\i\ \jk\ XikxZlcf ef ol
bN
nrbabkljfk^jlpobibs^kqbm^o^bi Bbob`el, ]Xmfi\Z\Xcgfj\\[fi[\cY`\e `ejZi`kf X efdYi\
[\fkiXg\ijfeX ) :r
M
:-<
Aljlkloj^pobibs^kqbpmlopr`lkqbkfalm^o^ l
`
pbo abpq^`^a^ bk bpqb mrkql pb mrbab `fq^o bi Dfk^ijbkqb*m^o^obalkab^orkmbocfi_~pf`labi á
1
^oqÅ`ril062*alkabpb^k^ifw^k ilpbcb`qlpabi^ fkpqfqrqlbkbpqbm^Åp*`^_babpq^`^obi`lkqbkfal ol
j^i^cbbkbij^qofjlkfl*mob`fp^kalbki^m^oqb abi^oqÅ`ril/54^kqbpqo^p`ofmqlalkabpbfj ml+ M
O,
fk cfkb nrb \c\iifi[\[\i\Z_f efg\ial[`ZX cX kbrk^ obdi^ jlo^iabob^is^iÅ^, ol
+l
Yl\eX]\ )J^bu`rp^_fifa^aabibooloababob`el ol
bp`lfk`fabkqb`lkbi^oqÅ`ril7.4^kqbpqo^p`ofmql, J=% 9@7CB79DHC89A5@5:9 RH
ÀĎ
ol
(+(

Nlolqo^ m^oqb* bi ibdfpi^alo pb e^ mobl`rm^al J^ ^qbkq^ ib`qro^ ab i^p `fq^p ab i^p `lafcf`^+ <
7m
mloobdi^jbkq^oi^_rbk^cbobdfpqo^icfg^kalbk `flkbp `fsfibp ^kqbp sfdbkqb v i^p abi mlosbkfo ZZ

bi^oqÅ`ril0./2`ljlmofk`fmflnrb8 abi^ PbmÑ_if`^ ?odbkqfk^vabi AÉafdlabqobp


aÄ`^a^pabiNboÑ*mbojfqb`lib`q^oilp^pmb`qlp
,
Cik\iZ\if hl\[\Yl\eX ]\X[hl`\i\X kxkl( `ljrkbpm^o^grwd^onrbi^j^i^cbpb`lkcfdro^ `l

cf fe\ifjf Xc^{e [\i\Z_f [\g\ijfeX hl\ `r^kal bi prgbql qfbkb `lkl`fj fbkql l qfbkb
\e \ci\^`jkif XgXi\Z\ Zfe ]XZlckX[\jgXiX bi ab_bo ab `lkl`bo abqboj fk^a^ pfqr^`fÉk* Õ
fkfi^Xicf' dXek`\e\jlX[hl`j`Z`ze leX m\q `fo`rkpq^k`f^p* a^qlp* `lkaf`flkbp* `^ifa^abp* +
à
`ejZi`kfjl[\i\Z_f'Xlehl\[\jglwjj\Xelc\' bq`* obibs^kqb m^o^ bi abob`el ^ i^ irw ab i^p O
i\jZ`e[X'ZXeZ\c\fi\jl\cmX\c[\cfkfi^Xek\ m^oqf`ri^ofa^abp molmf^p ab `^a^ ^`ql groÅaf`l,

ǼÉ Ó BÉ Ĥ É Ä Ĕ Ô ĔI Ī F Ĕ I İ Ĝ I É L ĈĔĪIJ ȚTŦ
`rs^ rqfifw^`fÉk^kqfcrk`flk^i biloabk^jfbkql `flkbp m^o^ nrb i^ jfpj^ pb^ rk fkpqorjbkql
groÅaf`lobmorb_^, ab `llmbo^`fÉk pl`f^i v kl ab bumilq^`fÉk l
^molsb`e^jfbkqlabilp j~paÄ_fibp,
Ar^kalpb`^ifcf`^^i`lkl`fjfbkqlabobibs^kqb
bpm^o^abpq^`^onrb*ab^`rboal^ill_pbos^al JWZ% 7@5G=:=757=xB
bk bi `lkqbkfal ab ilp ^oqÅ`rilp obmolar`falp*
IÍ ĔĬ ËĮÉĤÏĮĜĔĪ ËĜĪËĮIĬİÉIËĜÉÑ ËÍIĒĜËĜÎIÑ ĒÉİÍÑ Jrbdlabqo^kp`of_foi^pkloj^palkabpbe^`bob+
bq`,* pfkl ab rkl ob^ijbkqb fj mloq^kqb* qo^p+ cbobk`f^^i^`qr^oabj^i^cbvab`lkpqorfork`lk+
`bkabkqb labqbojfk^kqb*qbkfbkalbk `rbkq^ `bmqlabi^cfdro^*`obbjlpbpq^obk`lkaf`flkbp
i^ k^qro^ibw^ groÅaf`^ v o^pdlp qfmfcf`^kqbp ab abbp_lw^ork^mofjbo^`i^pfcf`^`fÉkabi^j^i^cb,
`^a^^`ql,
Ck bpb pbkqfal* l_pbos^jlp nrb i^p jfpj^p
Ck lqolp qÄojfklp* sfpirj_o^jlp nrb i^ j^i^ mrbabkpboafsfafa^pbkqobi^j^i^cbklmrkf_ib
cb bk`rbkqo^ pr mbocfi bpmb`Åcf`l bk bi `lkl`f+ v i^ mrkf_ib, Ck i^ mofjbo^ `^qbdloÅ^ pb mrbab
j fbkqlgroÅaf`^j bkqb obibs^kqb nrb bi prgbql fk`irfo8&f'J^j^i^cbgroÅaf`^jbkqbqlibo^_ibnrb
Pbsfpq^ b a fq^ a ^  m l o ^ ir j k l p  ab i^ D ^ `riq^a ab B bob`el ab i^ S k fs b op fa ^ a  ab Jfj^

qfbkblab_bqbkboab^`rboal^ i^p`^o^`qboÅp+ pboÅ^^nrbii^abbp`^p^fjmloq^k`f^li^nrbob+


qf`^pab`^a^^`qlgroÅaf`l,Nlobiil*bifkafsfarl `^bpl_obrkeb`el*`fo`rkpq^k`f^*a^ql*bq`,kl
nrbqfbkb lab_bqbkbobpb p^_bopfdkfcf`^qfsl* obibs^kqb^ i^ irwab i^p`^o^`qboÅpqf`^pabi ^`ql
cobkqb^imofk`fmflabi^ _rbk^cb*pf obqfbkbbpb bu^jfk^al9&ff' Ck i^ j^i^cbob`Åmol`^*bpab`fo
`lkl`fjfbkqlpfkklqfcf`^o^ilqolprgbqlabi^`ql `r^kali^`lkar`q^abilpprgbqlpm^oqf`fmbpabi
l`rimlp^jbkqbklilqfbkb^i`bib_o^o*bgb`rq^o ^`qlbpqbqbÇfa^ mlobii^,
l fkqbomobq^o bi kbdl`fl* bpq~ qo^pdobafbkal i^
`lkcf^kw^ v ib^iq^a nrb ab_b mofj^o bk qlalp ?prsbw* i^ j^i^cb mrkf_ib mrbabpboafsfafa^
ilp^`qlpgroÅaf`lp, bkcrk`fÉk abi^`i^pbabp^k`fÉk mobsfpq^8

Cpq^p `lkar`q^p bufdf_ibp* m^o^ Hloa^kl Do^d^ ^, Alki^fkabjkfw^`fÉkabilpa^Çlpsmbogrf+


prodbk abob`lkl`boi^bufpqbk`f^bk bi ~j_fql `flp8sbo_fdo^`f^*^oqÅ`rilp750*/26.*0..7*
l_ifd^`flk^i abilpab_bobpab molqb``fÉk nrb 0347* 0562* 0213* 121.* bq`, abi AÉafdl
plkpb`rka^oflpabiab_boabmobpq^`fÉk&mofk`f+ Afsfi ab TÄibw Q~ocfbia9 ^oqÅ`rilp 115* 12.*
m^i',JlpgyiiU\ifj ]le[Xd\ekXcd\ek\![\i`mX[fj 207*/..7* /36/* /735* /740* 01.3* bq`, abi
[\! cX! `[\X! [\! Yl\eX! ]\'! j\![`i`^\e! X!gi\j\imXi!X AÉafdl Afsfi vAljbo`f^i &Jbv04772'9^oqÅ+
ZX[X!leX![\!cXj!gXik\j![\!cfj![Xyfj!hl\!c\j!gl\[X `rilp 0//*723*/05.* /050*bq`, abi AÉafdl
[\i`mXi![\c!Zldgc`d`\ekf![\!cX!fYc`^XZ`ze .U Afsfi NboÑ,

J^bufpqbk`f^abbpqlpab_bobp abqrqbi^ ab ilp _, Alki^krifa^a8mlobgbjmilbi^oqÅ`ril0.77


fkqbobpbp^gbklp`lkilp`r^ibppbsfk`ri^bi pr+ abi AÉafdlAfsfi ?odbkqfkl p^k`flk^ `lk i^
gbql*`obbjlpnrbab_be^`bopbbuqbkpfs^^qla^ krifa^aabi^`lksbk`fÉknrbif_ob^ibk^gb+
sfk`ri^`fÉkgroÅaf`^ v kl plil ^ i^ l_ifd^`flk^i k^kqbabobpmlkabomlobsf``fÉk`r^kale^
mlo`r^kqlbii^abofs^*^abj~pabi mofk`fmflab bufpqfalj^i^cbabm^oqbabÄpqb*lbi^oqÅ`ril
i^ _rbk^cb*abi j^ka^qlab kla^Ç^o ^lqol, /52/ mofjbo^ m^oqbbpq^_ib`bnrbi^ obkrk+
`f^abj^i^cbbpkri^obpmb`qlabilppl`flp,
Nlolqo^m^oqb*bpq^bufdbk`f^abmolqb``fÉkabi^ Ck i^ Jbv04772*pbp^k`flk^ `lk i^ krifa^a
lqo^m^oqb*bprkm^pl^abi^kqb*jrvfjmloq^kqb* bk ilp^oqÅ`rilp23*143*bq`,Ck NboÑ*bk ilp
bk bi mol`bpl ab erj^kfw^`fÉk ab i^p l_ifd^+ ^oqÅ`rilp052&j^qofjlkfl'v/2.6,
:=OH < :MN L /1.

1/, HMPB?LMDP?E?*Do^k`fp`l,EX!i\jgfejXY`c`[X[!ZfekiXZklXc)Nofjbo^Caf`fÉk,K^aofa8Cafqlof^iAfsfq^pQ,?,*/765*m,
/2/,Cpqb^rqlo`ljmibq^i^éab^bumobp^kalnrb cfj![\Y\i\j![\!gifk\ZZ`ze!k`\e\e!le!Zfek\e`[f!Xlkzefdf!i\jg\Zkf
Xc![\Y\i![\!gi\jkXZ`ze'![\!df[f!hl\'![\j[\!cX!g\ijg\Zk`mX![\c![\l[fi'!\jkfj![\Y\i\j!fg\iXe!Zfe!`e[\g\e[\eZ`X![\!hl\
cX!gi\jkXZ`ze!gi`eZ`gXc!j\!_XpX!Zldgc`[f

ȚTU ĈÉĬËĮÉĤ ÂĒĮÉĪĒÍ ĤĘĔĪĜĤĤÍ


`, Alk i^ mofs^`fÉk ababob`elp8 `ljlbp bk ?m^oqfoabbiil*pbab_bfka^d^opfbpq^`lkar`q^ è :
ilp `^plp obdri^alp mlo ilp ^oqÅ`rilp 000 obmol`e^_ibqfbkbfkabmbkabk`f^`lk`bmqr^iv www
&bcb`qlpabi^krifa^aabij^qofjlkfl'*/.5/ lmbo^qfs^l*mlobi`lkqo^ofl*nrba^pr_prjfa^

&mÄoafa^ abi ^j m^ol ibd^i ` r^kal bufpqb abkqol ab ^idrklp ab ilp `i~pf`lp c^`qlobp ab SS
rk bgbo`f`fl ^_rpfsl abi abob`el' v /520 ^qof_r`fÉk pr_gbqfslp&alilv`rim^', MM
MO
pbdrka^ m^oqb &mÄoafa^p ab i^p d^k^k`f^p
v^agraf`^`fÉkabi^pjfpj^p^i^pl`fba^a (% AOZOTSfR]Z]%
v ^prk`fÉk ab i^p mÄoafa^p mlo bi pl`fl
obkrk`f^kqbabj^i^cb',Ck biAÉafdlAfsfi Cialil* efpqÉof`^jbkqb* e^ pfalbumif`^al mlo
vAljbo`f^i*^oqÅ`rilp /.*05*/22*bq`,Ckbi i^ aldj~qf`^ v al`qofk^ `ljl c^`qlo ab ^qof+
AÉafdlAfsfiabiNboÑ*obp^iq^bi^oqÅ`ril062 _r`fÉkab`^o~`qbopr_gbqfsl fkqbdo^kqb`ljl
nrbbi^kri^obi ^`ql* ifj fq^ ilpbcb`qlpabi obnrfpfqlabiab_boabobp^o`foilpjbklp`^_lp*
j ^qofj lkfl^nrfÄk^`qrÉabj^i^cb, ab^eÅnrbobpriqbab`bkqo^ipfdkfcf`^`fÉkbu^+
jfk^o*abpab i^ Émqf`^groÅaf`^* pr sfk`ri^`fÉk
a, K^i^cbpfjmibsj^i^cbsf`flp^8bpq^`i^pfcf+ `lk i^ j^i^cb, ol
á
`^`fÉkpbfkcfbobabi`lkqbkfalabi^oqÅ`ril
/70/* nrb pb sbofcf`^ `r^kal i^ mlpbpfÉk .%.% Å Đ Î É ĖÎ Ĩ ĖĢ Ĩ Đ Î I Ĥ Î ĖÈ ĖĤ Ģ Ê Î Ļ ^`
L.
abj^i^cbbpab`lp^pjrb_ibp^anrfofa^p +M
ol
mlo eroql* bpq^c^* l ^_rpl ab `lkcf^kw^ l Skobm^plmlobimbkp^jfbkqlabilpmofk`fm^ibp M
ab fkjrb_ibp* ^anrfofalp mlo sflibk`f^* ^rqlobpvgrofpmorabk`f^mbojfqb*`lkbimolmÉpf+ ^
<
`i^kabpqfkfa^a*l^_rplab`lkcf^kw^, ql abcloj ri^orkloabk^jfbkqlabilpjfpjlp* *
o'
molmlkboi^pfdrfbkqb`i^pfcf`^`fÉk, ol
J===%@5A5@5:97CAC:57HCF89 JC
H
5HF=6I7=xB .%.%.% Å Đ Ġ Đ ĞĐ ËÊ Ģ Ĥ Ê Î ĖĒ Ï Đ Ğ Đ Ğ É Ĥ ĞĤ Ļ M
u8
r
^*
Qfk ird^o^ ebpfq^`fÉk* bi bpqrafl ab i^ j^i^ cb Ci molcbplo Qmlq^* `r^kal ^k^ifw^ i^ ob`bm`fÉk JC
M
`ljlc^`qloab^qof_r`fÉkfkabmbkafbkqbabobp+ abipq^ka^oagroÅaf`labi^_rbk^cbbkbiAÉafdl JC

mlkp^_fifa^a kl plil^`^m^o^ qla^ i^^qbk`fÉk abTÄibw* bkqfbkab nrb cXdXcX]\' \jXdXcX]\ Q8
ol
abifksbpqfd^alo*pfklilbkcobkq^`lkrkabp^cÅl Z\iZXeXXc[fcf'ef[X[\i\Z_f .-)Cpab`fo*pf_fbk 1
f]<
fkÄafql `ljlbp pr `ljm^o^`fÉk `lk bialilv abkrk`f^ rk^sb`fka^a*afcbobk`f^*pfkbumif`^+ ol
r]

i^ `rim^, Ck bcb`ql* bk bi mrkql mob`babkqb pb `fÉk*prpk^qro^ibw^p, ]ol
^
qo^kp`of_fbolk i^p kloj^pabi NboÑ v?odbkqfk^ L.
Alk j^vlobp crk a^j bkqlp* pb mrbab `fq^ o ú-f
alkab pb e^`b obcbobk`f^ ^ i^ j^i^ cb `ljl M
À
dbkbo^alo^abobpmlkp^_fifa^a, bi mbkp^j fbkqlab B^kw*nrfbkplpqfbkbnrb C

pf bi grbw* bk ilp `^plp bk nrb fk qbomobq^  rk ol
Aljl pb`lifdbabi qbklokloj^qfslabaf`e^p kbdl`flgr oÅa f` l pfdrfbkalpfj mibj bkqb ilp M
)
mobsfpflkbp* bi ` l a fcf`^ a l o b k qb k a fÉ  nrb i^ rplp pl`f^ibp* fksl`^ q^j _fÄk  bk pr c^ iil  bi ol
+l
j^i^ cb ^`qÑ^ `ljl bibjbkql dbkbo^alo abi m ofk ` fm fl  ab i^ _rbk^ cb * kl bp nrb nrfbo^ ol
ab_boab obp^o`fo ilpa^Çlp nrb l`^pflk^* j~p ^`rp^o ab co^ ra b  ^ i^ m ^oqb  `lkqo^ i^ `r^i ÐM
JC
mob`fp^jbkqb`ljlrkc^`qloab^qof_r`fÉknrb* pbkqbk`f^* `lj l q^kq^p sb`bp pb `obb* mrbp ol
f-f
^kqf`fm^kal`lk`irpflkbp*mlabjlp`i^pfcf`^oil mrbab j rv _fbk l `r oofo nrb Äpq^ klqrsfbpb <
^f
`ljl pr_gbqfsl mbol nrb mrbab pbo bs^ir^al i^ j bklo klqf`f^ abi pbkqfal rpr^i nrbqfbkb ZZ
mloi^grofpaf``fÉkqlj ^kalm^o~jbqolpl _ gb qf+ bkbi`lj bo`fli^ab`i^o^`fÉkabslirkq^a9bk
slp &`ljl pboÅ^ ^`obafq^onrb `lkl`Å^ l ab_Å^ i^ j ^vlo m^oqb ab ilp `^plp `obbo~ ab _rbk^
,
`l
`lkl`bobia^ql', cbnrbbi pbkqfalab i^ ab`i^o^`fÉk absl ir k+

Õ
Ù
à
10, QNMR?*?i_boqlE,Bejk`klZ`fe\j[\=\i\Z_fA-T-%i+Alkqo^qlp,Gii,116,c',0a^obfjmobpfÉk,@rbklp?fobp8Ca,Bbm^ij^* O
/76.,

ǼÉ Ó BÉ Ĥ É Ä Ĕ Ô ĔI Ī F Ĕ I İ Ĝ I É L ĈĔĪIJ ȚTÙ
q^a nrb bii^ ^cfoj ^ bp bi bu^`ql* v bi c^ipl* bi â>c [fcf f dXcX ]\ gl\[\ j\ic\ `dglkX[f Xc
nrb plpqfbkb i^ m^oqb `l k qo^ of^ 11, g cX ^`X i`f g fi \c ZfefZ`d `\ekf [\ cX fYiX
gcX^`X[X) <lXe[f i\jlckX ZcXiX cX ljligX(
Cimbkp^jfbkqlabbpqb^rqlo*nrfb_o^i^fabkqf+ Z`ze f Xgifg`XZ`ze `e[\Y`[X ef _XZ\e ]XckX
cf`^`fÉkabi^j^i^cb`lkbialil^ifkqolar`foi^ \oZ\j`mXj `e[X^XZ`fe\j gXiX [\k\id`eXi cfj
c^`qf_fifa^aabnrbe^v^j^i^cbpfk`lkl`fjfbk+ gifgzj`kfj [\ Xhl\c' gl\j \c [fcf \j `e_\i\ek\
qlmibklabi^p`fo`rkpq^k`f^pc~`qf`^pobibs^kqbp Đ Ğ Đ ÈĨĤ ÍÊĐĞĖIJĐÉĤĻ ÁĢ ÈĤĢ ÎÊÈÏÊĢ ÈĖĐL EĐÎĨĐ ĞĐ
mlokbdifdbk`f^l mloboolofkbu`rp^_ib, `dgi\j`ze `cxZ`kX hl\ Zi\X ZfekiX \c gcX^`Xi`f
cX gi\jleZ`ze [\ dXcX ]\ hl\ i\jlckX [\c Zf(
5,5,0, EX d XcX ]\ \hl`mXc\ X [fcf) efZ`d`\ekf [\c [\i\Z_f hl\ ljligX #(.2

Ck bpqb pb`qlo abi mbkp^jfbkql pb pfqÑ^k A^+ Cpqlp`ofqboflpgrofpmorabk`f^ibp^pfjfi^k qlq^ i+
wb^ruvRofdlPbmobp^p`r^kal^pbdro^knrb b- jbkqbi^pcfdro^p*o^wÉk mloi^`r^im^o^biilpi^
[fcf \e le j\ek`[f cXkf `dgc`ZX leX `[\X [\ dXcX j^i^ cb ab_b pbo `lkpfabo^a^ `ljl rk c^`qlo
]\' [\ Zfe[lZkX [\c`Y\iX[X ZfekiXi`X X [\i\Z_f ./) ab^qof_r`fÉk`lkfdr^ibp`^o^`qboÅpqf`^pnrbbi
P bsfpq^ b a fq^ a ^  m l o ^ ir j k l p  ab i^ D ^`riq^a ab B bob`el ab i^ S k fs b op fa ^ a  ab Jfj^

Ck i^ jfpj^ afob``fÉk* rk ^kqfdrl c^iil ab i^ alilbkbiab_boabfkabjkfw^obia^Çl,
Aloqb ab Hrpqf`f^ Dbabo^i ^pfjfi^ ilp fkpqfqrqlp
bk bpqrafl`r^kal`lkpfaboÉnrb \c [fcf \e \c 5,5,1, EX dXcX ]\ Zfdgi\e[\ X c [fcf)
Zldgc`d`\ekf [\ cXj fYc`^XZ`fe\j' d\eZ`feX[f
\e cfj XikxZlcfj 0+1 p 0-, [\c <z[`^f <`m`c ef \j \c Cpq^ fab^crbabp^oolii^a^ mlobimolcbplo?qfifl
gi\m`jkf \e \c XikxZlcf 4., [\c d`jdf' j`ef \c hl\ ?,?iqbofkf*m^o^nrfÄki^j^i^cbbpi^^kqÅqbpfpab
j\ Xki`Ylp\ X kf[X g\ijfeX hl\ _X gif[lZ`[f le i^ _rbk^cb*^ i^ `r^i i^ bkqfbkab`ljl XaljkXi
[Xyf gi\m`\e[f f _XY`\e[f gf[`[f gi\m\i hl\ cf kfkXcd\ek\ cX Zfe[lZkX X cXj gXlkXj [\c fi[\eX(
ZXljXixX6 \j [\Z`i' ZlXe[f _X fYiX[f [\ dXcXcb 13, d`\ekf alix[`Zf ) Qfdkfcf`^* pfdrb bi ^rqlo* nrb
jzcf Zfe cX gc\eX ZfeZ`\eZ`X [\ cX c\^`k`d`[X[ [\c
Bbfdr^ijlal*lqolqof_rk^ie^plpqbkfalnrb b- fYiXi' \c \a\iZ`Z`f [\c [\i\Z_f \j i\ZfefZ`[f gfi
[fcf \e \c `eZldgc`d`\ekf ZfekiXZklXc j\ Zfe]`^liX [`Z_f fi[\eXd`\ekf ) Nlo biil* bi `lk`bmql ab
ZlXe[f \c [\l[fi k\e^X cX gfj`Y`c`[X[ [\ Zldgc`i j^i^ cb ZlYi\ leX Xdgc`X ^XdX [\ j`klXZ`fe\j
p ef hl`\iX [\c`Y\iX[Xd\ek\ _XZ\icf f ZlXe[f \c alix[`ZXj p jlYpXZ\ `eZclj`m\ \e dlck`kl[ [\ ]`^liXj
`eZldgc`[fi k\e^X gc\eX ZfeZ`\eZ`X [\ cX `c\^`k`d`( hl\ gif[lZ\e Zfej\Zl\eZ`Xj XlkzefdXj' g\if
[X[ [\ jl fYiXi' fg\iXe[f [\ dXcX ]\ X kiXmwj [\c dl\jkiXe \e jl kiXdX cX gi\j\eZ`X [\ dXcX ]\ .3
`eZldgc`d`\ekf [\c`Y\iX[f [\ jlj fYc`^XZ`fe\j .1)
Ckcrk`fÉkabbiil*^pbdro^nrbbki^ j^i^cbbi
N^o^`ljmibq^oi^fab^abbpqbpb`qlo*bpbcf`^wqo^kp+ l_gbqfslmofjloaf^ibpi^`lkpb`r`fÉkabrkcfk
`of_fobimbkp^jfbkqlabiqof_rk^inrblmfkÉnrb8 fkgrpqllfibd^irqfifw^kaljbaflp^m^obkqbjbk+

11, B?LX* Cof`e, EX `ek\igi\kXZ`ze [\ cfj e\^fZ`fj alix[`Zfj $<fekiXkfj' k\jkXd\ekfj' \kZ)%) Ro^ar`fa^ ^i bpm^Çli mlo
@MLCRP?KòL*Do^k`fp`l,K^aofa8Cafqlof^iPbsfpq^abi Bbob`elNofs^al*/733*m,/75,
12, A?XC?SV*NbaolL,vRPGEMPCNPCQ?Q*DÄifu?,=\i\Z_f [\ cXj HYc`^XZ`fe\j)MfiiUf/,0a^Caf`fÉk*ibo^PbfjmobpfÉk
?rjbkq^a^ v ?`qr^ifw^a^, J^ Ni^q^8 Jf_oboÅ^ Cafqlo^ Ni^qbkpb* /757* m, 030, AGDSCLRC* Q^kqlp, <fd\ekXi`f Xc
XikxZlcf 4.5 Ck8<z[`^f <`m`c p E\p\j Zfdgc\d\ekXi`Xj) <fd\ekX[f' XefkX[f p ZfeZfi[X[f)RljlGT, @rbklp?fobp8
Cafqlof^i?pqob^*/760*m,0/3,
13, AloqbQrmobj^abHrpqf`f^abi^PbmÑ_if`^?odbkqfk^&AQHL'* PlaoÅdrbwErf`elr*DiÄ`qloJ,s,L^`fÉk ./ abbkbol
:=OH < :MN L /1.

ab/721+R Ü /73*m,117,
14, A~j^o^Aofjfk^iAloob``flk^iDbabo^iPbmÑ_if`^?odbkqfk^*^rqlpLÜ24,7/2-73 Qbosf`flpNbqolibolpDrbdfklpQ,?,
`-Ro^kpmloqbN^jmb^klpQ?AGD?p-Gk`rjmifjfbkqlab`lkqo^ql */6abgrkflab/774,
15, A~j^o^L^`flk^iAfsfiabi^PbmÑ_if`^?odbkqfk^*Q^i^E*0/ abj^owlab/772* Klobkl*Llo_boqlT,`,Gdibpf^*Hrifl
vlqolp *Pbsfpq^HroÅaf`^ J^ Jbv&J,J,*P,?,'* /773+A*336* Bl`qofk^Hraf`f^i &B,H,*P,?,'* /773+0+//4.9Hrofpmorabk`f^
?odbkqfk^&H,?,*P,?,'*/772+GT+2/.,

ȚTÚ ĈÉĬËĮÉĤ ÂĒĮÉĪĒÍ ĤĘĔĪĜĤĤÍ


qbm^qol`fk^alpmloi^grpqf`f^lmloi^ ibv*mrbp ? jlal ab afdobpfÉk* pb ^asfboqb nrb bk jr+ 7 Ü
i^j^i^cbfjmif`^bpbk`f^ijbkqb`lk`fbk`f^ab `elpqo^_^glpvgrofpmorabk`f^ pb`ljm^o^ ^ i^ XX
i^fibdfqfj fa^aabi^mobqbkpfÉknrbpbbpdofjb, j^i^cb`lkbi alil*pfk mob`fp^oprp`lkqbkfalp >= I
K +) +
Ci nrb l_o^ ab j^i^ cb p^_b* qfbkb `lk`fbk`f^ kfob`lkl`boprp`i^pbp*o^wÉkmloi^`r^i^`lkqf+ rr
mibk^ ab nrb bgb`rq^ rk^ ^``fÉk pfk abob`el* kr^`fÉkmol`ro^objlpprmbo^obiilbkcobkq^kal MM '
MOM
`rv^p `lkpb`rbk`f^p e^k ab pbo mbograf`f^ibp i^p cfdro^p afp`ofj fk^a^j bkqb abkqol ab i^p 6JIDG
ifjfq^`flkbpabbpq^ fksbpqfd^`fÉk, :LIG6C?:GD
m^o^^nrÄi `lkqo^nrfÄkpbafofdb17,

Nlolqo^m^oqb*plpqfbkbbiobcbofal^rqlonrb _Xp ÔĻÕĻ Ǻ Đ ĞĐ ËÊ Į É Ĥ ĞĤ É Ê ĞĖÈ ĨÏ Đ ĞĻ


jlgl\jkfj!\e! cfj!ZlXc\j! ef! \j!d\e\jk\i!cX!gc\eX
ZfeZ`\eZ`X![\!cX!`c\^`k`d`[X[![\!cX!Zfe[lZkX!gifg`X' N^o^ `lk`obq^o bpq^p jbafq^`flkbp ab_bjlp
YXjkXe[f!cX!`^efiXeZ`X![\!cX!m\i[X[\iX!j`klXZ`ze) ob`loa^o bi qbuql abi ^oqÅ`ril /.50 abi AÉafdl
IXiX!\ccf'! kXc!`^efiXeZ`X!_X![\!j\i!`e\oZljXYc\ /+) Afsfi ? od b k qfk l  bk mol`bpl ab abold^`fÉk*
Alkbpq^^pbsbo^`fÉkpb^ajfqbnrbbufpqbq^j + ^oqÅ`ril /502abi AÉafdl Jbv04772* v^oqÅ`ril
_fÄki^rkfÉk j^i^cb+kbdifdbk`f^ abalkabi^p /747abiNboÑ2/*alkabpbpbÇ^i^kilpbibjbkqlp
fkqbk`flk^ifa^abp nrb `^o^`qbofw^k ^i alil kl `ljmlkbkqbpabi alilabif`qr^i8bi fkqbib`qr^i* á
pboÅ^kabi^bpbk`f^abi^j^i^cb, sfk`ri^al `lk i^ bgb`r`fÉk ^ p^_fbka^p9 v* bi ^f
úB
slifqfsl*i^fkqbk`fÉkaba^Ç^o20, RH
ol
ÔĻÔĻŌĻ Æ E Î Ê Í Ĭ Đ È ĖĤ Ģ Ê Î È ÍĘĨĖÈ Đ Î Ļ +l
S7B
Ci mofjbolabbiilpmobprmlkbi^`^m^`fa^aabi JC
<
Ck mofj bo ird^o ab_bjlp ab`fo nrb bi `lafcf+ prgbql m^o^ `lj mobkabo i^ `ofj fk^ifa^a &fj+ A
1
`^alo kl bpq^_ib`fÉ rk `lk`bmql rkÅsl`l ab mrq^_fifa^a' v obnrfbob* m^o^ ^idrklp ^rqlobp
alil*pfkl mlobi`lkqo^oflbpq^_ib`fÉqobpqfmlp nrb bi jfpjl e^v^ bkqbkafal i^ ^kqfgrof`fa^a MG
íM
nrb qfbkbk `^o^`qboÅpqf`^p bu`irpfs^p nrb ilp abi^`ql,J^`lk`fbk`f^abi^fif`fqra`ljlfkqb+ .
+A

fabkqfcf`^k, Nlobiil* kl pb mrbab iibs^o^ `^_l do^kqblklabi`lk`bmqlabalile^dbkbo^al* r


)*
rk^ `ljm^o^`fÉk ifkb^i bkqob j^i^ cb v alil* crka^jbkq^ijbkqbbkqobilpgrofpq^pmbk^ifpq^p* ^f
O
pfkl nrb bp fkbiraf_ib e^`boi^ `lkcolkq~kali^ rk^oarlab_^qb*`rv^pmlpqro^pbuqobj^pmrb+ MH
ú^
`lk`^a^ jla^ifa^a, abk pbo pfkqbqfw^a^p bk bi mbkp^jfbkql ab ilp (l
ol
molcbplobpMod^wvQ^kqlp @ofw, S.
Nlopr m^oqb* i^ ^`qr^`fÉk ab j^i^cb pb mrbab M
Jol
J
a^obk bpq^alp afcbobkqbp ab i^ sfa^ ab rk kb+ Cigrofpq^ jbafqboo~kbl plpqfbkb nrb cX!Zfe[`( ]ol
dl`fll^`qlgroÅaf`l,?pÅbi^oqÅ`ril//76abiAÉ+ Z`ze! [\!hl\!\c!Xlkfi!_XpX! fYiX[f! X!jXY`\e[Xj ' hcS[
afdlAfsfi*^`qr^ijbkqb^oqÅ`ril74/ abiAÉafdl j`^e`]`ZX!hl\!wjk\!_XpX!k\e`[f!cX!ZfeZ`\eZ`X![\!cX S72
M
U
AfsfivAljbo`f^i&Jbv04772'*pbob`lkl`b`ljl `c`Z`kl['!\jkf!\j'![\!hl\!i\Xc`qXYX!le!XZkf!ZfekiXi`f Â
jlj bkqlp afcbobk`f^alp i^ `bib_o^`fÉk* bgb+ X![\i\Z_f'!\e!^\e\iXc'!Xlehl\!ef!e\Z\jXi`Xd\ek\ ol
`r`fÉk b fkqbomobq^`fÉk* ^ ilp`r^ibppbab_bo~ X!leX!efidX![\k\id`eX[X5!YXjkX!Zfe!cX!ZfeZ`\e( M
^,
prj^oi^bq^m^mob`lkqo^`qr^ivmlpq`lkqo^`qr^i, Z`X![\!i\Xc`qXi!l!fd `k`i!Xc^f!gif_`Y`[f!gfi!cX!c\p /.) ol
L.
ol

S[
ol
&27
(8D
16, ?JRCPGLG*?qfifl?kÅ_^i, FXcX!?\ ) Ck8>eZ`Zcfg\[`X!Clix[`ZX!Hd\YX) VTGGG+1., @rbklp?fobp8 @f_ifldo~cf`^ Mjb_^* 8
/742*m,706, UUS[
17, BYx[)'m,707,Ci^rqloqo^kp`of_bbkbpqbmrkqli^pabcfkf`flkbpsboqfa^pbk i^>eZ`Zcfg\[`X!Clix[`ZX!>jgXyfcX'Rljl
VVG*@^o`bilk^*m,32.,
l
2., Ef\)!<`k) U`
2/, Llilabcfkb*mboli^fkqbk`flk^ifa^abpq~fjmiÅ`fq^bkprbpqor`qro^,
20, ICKCJK?HCP BC A?PJSAAG* ?Åa^, <fd\ekXi`f! Xc! XikxZlcf! ,+2- ) Ck8 <z[`^f! <`m`c v  E\p\j! Zfdgc\d\ekXi`Xj)
<fd\ekX[f'!XefkX[f!p!ZfeZfi[X[f)@rbklp?fobp8Cafqlof^i?pqob^*/762*m,364,JJ?K@G?Q*HlodbHl^nrÅk,MiXkX[f
Ĭİ
[\!=\i\Z_f!<`m`c+ HYc`^XZ`fe\j)GT+?,01/1,6,@rbklp?fobp8Cafqlof^iNboolq*/754, q
O
21, MPE?X*?icobal, EX!ZlcgX!$:Zkfj!BcxZ`kfj% )Ck8MiXkX[f![\!=\i\Z_f!<`m`c!( !IXik\!@\e\iXc)Pbsfp^almlo8CLLCAACPSQ*

ǼÉ Ó BÉ Ĥ É Ä Ĕ Ô ĔI Ī F Ĕ I İ Ĝ I É L ĈĔĪIJ ȚTÛ
Ck i^ ^kqÅmla^* @ofw mol`i^j^ nrb \cZfeZ\gkf k^`fÉkabilpp^_bobpbufdfalpa^obmrbpq^m^o^
[\ [fcf `dgc`ZX cX i\Xc`qXZ`ze [\ leX mfclekX[ molmf`f^oi^bu`irpfÉkabi^j^i^cbabi^bpqor`+
[`i`^`[XXlei\jlckX[f[\k\id`eX[f\ecXefidX qro^`lkpqfqrqfs^abialil`lk`b_fa^mloMod^w*
gif_`Y`k`mX'phl\jlgfe\\cZfefZ`d`\ekf[\cXj mlo `r^kql Äpqb bkqfbkab nrb il `lkcloj^ bi
df[Xc`[X[\j[\cXXZZ`ze[\jZi`kXj\e[`Z_Xefi( qbkbo`lk`fbk`f^abi^fif`fqralabnrbpbob^if+
dX )Ci alilbp* mlo`lkpfdrfbkqb* rk^cfk^ifa^a w^ rk ^`ql`lkqo^ofl^ abob`el`lkgrkq^j bkqb
groÅaf`^j bkqbobibs^kqb, Ll mboqbkb`b^i alil* `lk i^ fkqbk`flk^ifa^a ab molar`foa^Çl* mbol
i^ii^j^a^ ZfeZ`\eZ`X[\cXXek`ali`[`Z`[X[ 'a^al klbi`lkl`bovrqfifw^o^kqfcrk`flk^ij bkqbrk^
nrb Äpq^ efj\i\]`\i\Xe`e^leX[\cXjZ`iZlej( `fo`rkpq^k`f^pfdkfcf`^qfs^abi kbdl`fl,
kXeZ`Xj[\_\Z_fj`ef\oZclj`mXd\ek\XcXefidX
gif_`Y`k`mX d`jdX' f dvj \oXZkXd\ek\' Xcj\ip Qfk mbogrf`flabbpq^^mob`f^`fÉk* i^ afpm^ofa^a
\j\eZ`X[\cXgif_`Y`Z`ze' X cX XZZ`ze' cXZlXc\j prpq^k`f^ibkqob^j_lpfkpqfqrqlpbpq~cl`^ifw^a^
gXik\`ek\^iXek\[\cXmfclekX[[\\a\ZlZ`ze //) bknrbm^o^`lkcfdro^obialilbpmofjloaf^inrb
bufpq^ i^ fkqbk`fÉk ab molsl`^o bi abqofj bkql
Cpq^ Ñiqfj ^ mlpf`fÉk bumrip^ ^i `lkl`fj fbkql nrb bk bi `^pl ab i^ j^i^ cb* bpqb obnrfpfql*
Pbsfpq^ b a fq^ a ^  m l o ^ ir j k l p  ab i^ D ^`riq^a ab B bob`el ab i^ S k fs b op fa ^ a  ab Jfj^

abi^^kqfgrof`fa^a&`lk`fbk`f^abi^fif`fqra'ab `obbjlp klcloj^ m^oqb abpr bpbk`f^ mlonrb


ilp obnrfpfqlp`lj mlkbkqbpabalilabif`qr^i9 pbmrbab`lkcfdro^o`r^kalmlokbdifdbk`f^kl
mloil`r^i*kle^vird^o^ebpfq^`fÉkabnrbi^ pbqfbkbbi `lkl`fjfbkqlbufdfal,
j^i^cb`ljl `lkl`fj fbkqlab abqbojfk^a^p
`fo`rkpq^k`f^p* eb`elp* a^qlp* bq`, obibs^kqbp J^ j^i^ cb mrbab bufpqfo fkabmbkafbkqb abi
`lkcloj bi^pm^oqf`ri^ofa^abpabi^`qlgroÅaf`l molmÉpfqlabmbograf`^o^ilqolprgbql*il`r^ikl
nrb bi Bbob`el fibdfqfj ^ `r^kal bp rqfifw^al pfdkfcf`^nrb`r^kalpbmolarw`^^idÑkjbklp+
fk ^ m ol m f^ a ^ j b k qb  nrba^* b sfa b k qb j b k qb * `^_lab_^ pbo obm^o^al23, Ck lqo^p m^i^_o^p* i^
crbo^ abi alil, j^i^cbklbppfkÉkfjlabialilabif`qr^i,

Qfpbibb`lkabqbkfj fbkqlbi m~oo^clqo^p`ofmql ÔĻÖĻ Ǻ Đ ĞĐ ËÊ Į É Ĥ ĞĤ Ĥ E ĞĖĒ Đ È ĖĤ Ģ Đ ĞĻ


ab @ofw* pb l_pbos^ nrb bpqb ^rqlo afcbobk`f^
mbocb`q^jbkqb*bk i^bq^m^fkqbib`qr^i*bkqobbi Ck bpq^ `i^pbabalilpb _fcro`^k i^plmfkflkbp
`lkl`boi^p`fo`rkpq^k`f^pc~`qf`^p&nrbsfk`ri^+ ab ilp^rqlobp^i jlj bkqlab mob`fp^opr fkqb+
jlp`lk i^ j^i^cb'abp^_bonrbbp^`lkar`q^ do^`fÉk pr_gbqfs^ bk mrkql ^ i^ fkqbk`fÉk ab
bp`lkqo^of^^rk^kloj^groÅaf`^,Cpq^afp`ofj f+ `^rp^o a^Çl, Ck bpq^ afob``fÉk* ilp molcbplobp

JratfdvLGNNCPBCWF^kA^of,/,0,116,AÉoal_^8K^o`lpJbokbo+Cafqlo^*/76/*m,40,9vCk8MiXkX[f[\=\i\Z_f<`m`c5
=\i\Z_f[\cXjfYc`^XZ`fe\j) Pbsfp^almlo8CLLCAACPSQ* Jratfd*IGNN*Reblalo*UMJD*K^oqfk, @^o`bilk^8@lp`e*
/712-/73/* m,22/, Cpqb^rqloabcfkb^i alil`ljl \chl\i\ilei\jlckX[fZfekiXi`fX[\i\Z_fZfecXZfeZ`\eZ`X[\
`e]i`e^`ij\\c[\i\Z_ffle[\Y\i XgXik`i[\cfZlXcXj\^liXhl\ \c[fcfi\hl`\i\'\egi`eZ`g`f'cXZfeZ`\eZ`X[\fYiXi
ZfekiX\c[\i\Z_ffZfekiX\c[\Y\i )

22, @PGX*H^fjbQ^kqlp,=\i\Z_f[\[Xyfj)K^aofa8Cafqlof^iPbsfpq^abBbob`elNofs^al*/741*m,20,NGA?QQM*Qb_^pqf~k,
<fd\ekXi`f X [\ cfj XikxZlcfj ,+2-*,+2. ) Ck8 <z[`^f <`m`cp  GfidXj Zfdgc\d\ekXi`Xj) @rbklp ?fobp8 Cafqlof^i
F^jjro^_f* /777, Cpqb Ñiqfjl^rqloplpqfbkb nrb cXZfeZ`\eZ`X[\cXXek`ali`Z`[X[ef`ek\^iX\cZfeZ\gkf[\ [fcf
Z`m`c p[\hl\cX\ogi\j`ze XjXY`\e[Xj [\j`^eXjzcf\cZfefZ`d`\ekf\e\cX^\ek\[\ci\jlckX[f[Xyfjfhl\j\^l`ivX
jlXZZ`ze'g\ifefcXZfeZ`\eZ`X[\hl\'X[\dvj'\cXZkfhl\\jkvgfifYiXi\jXek`alix[`Zf )Cpqb^rqlom^o^co^pb^kalbi
mbkp^jfbkqlablqolpal`qofk^oflp*pbÇ^i^nrb j`j\_XZ\\ekiXi\e\c[fcfcXccXdX[X ZfeZ`\eZ`X[\cXXek`ali`Z`[X[ j\
\jkvi\le`\e[f\elejfcfZfeZ\gkfefkXjkfkXcd\ek\_\k\if^we\Xj5cXmfclekX[[\i\Xc`qXZ`ze\jgXik\`ek\^iXek\[\cX
À Ċ Æ A Ĉ Č Ć  /1.

Zfe[lZkXgif_`Y`[Xp i\y\i\XcXjZ`iZlejkXeZ`XjccXdX[XjfYa\k`mXj[\c_\Z_f)>eZXdY`f'cXZfeZ`\eZ`X[\cXXek`ali`Z`[X[
efX]\ZkXXe`e^leXZ`iZlejkXeZ`X[\_\Z_f'j`efhl\i\]`\i\\oZclj`mXd\ek\XcXgifg`XefidX[\gif_`Y`Z`ze ):^i\^Xe
\jkfjXlkfi\jhl\ cX[`jk`ekXg\ik`e\eZ`Xalix[`ZX[\\jkfj[fjZfeZ\gkfj' cXmfclekX[[\i\Xc`qXZ`zegfile cX[fpcX
ZfeZ`\eZ`X[\cXXek`ali`Z`[X[g fi\cfkif'_XZ\`dgfj`Yc\jli\le`zeYXafleZfeZ\gkfalix[`Zf{e`Zf )

23, Skbgbjmilpb`lkcfdro^`r^kalrklabilp`Ékvrdbljfqbfkcloj^obifjmbafjbkqlnrbib^cb`q^m^o^`lkqo^bo
j^qofjlkfl* bp ab j^i^ cb* ^ mbp^oab pr ^jlo mlo i^ lqo^ mboplk^ v nrb ib _ofkal qlalp prp bpcrbowlp m^o^

ȚTŨ ĈÉĬËĮÉĤ ÂĒĮÉĪĒÍ ĤĘĔĪĜĤĤÍ


A^wb^ru vRofdl Pbmobp^p ob`rboa^k nrb bk /1/6pbobdi^jbkq^nrb gifZ\[\Zfe[fcfhl`\e 7 Ü
al`qofk^ e^valpfkqbomobq^`flkbpobpmb`qlabi [\c`Y\iX[Xd\ek\ef\a\ZlkXcXfYc`^XZ`ze ) ooo'
qbklopr_gbqfslabbpqbqfmlabalil(24, >= I
FFz
Ci alil `lkqo^`qr^i mrol pb qfmfcf`^ `r^kal pb DCbCN
N^o^^idrklp^rqlobp*`lkpfpqbbkbifk`rjmifjfbk+ fk`rjmib`lk fkqbk`fÉk ab kl`rjmifo* morb_^ CCE
MO
ql abif_bo^al`ljbqfal`lk fkqbk`fÉk aba^Ç^o nrb obpriq^ ab afcÅ`fi molar``fÉk mlopbo m^oqb 6JIDG
l mlo il jbklp `lk `lkl`fjfbkql v mobsfpfÉk ab pr bpq^al pr_gbqfsl* mbol i^ j^i^ cb bk bi :LIG6C?:G

abia^Çlnrbpb`^rp^25,Ck`^j_fl*m^o^bi lqol fk`rj mifj fbkql pb ^`obafq^ abjlpqo^kal nrb


pb`qloabi^al`qofk^*bkm^i^_o^pab?kalokl*bp bi abralo p^_Å^ nrb qbkÅ^ nrb `rj mifo kl fj+
\chl\i\ialix[`ZXd\ek\i\c\mXek\j\\e[\i\qX_XZ`X mloq^kali^fkqbk`flk^ifa^a*`lk il`r^inrba^
efZldgc`i'gl[c\e[f_XZ\icf)Gf\jd\e\jk\i'X[`]\( jrv`bo`^abi^`rim^,
i\eZ`X[\c[\c`kfZ`m`c'hl\_XpX`ek\eZ`ze[\[XyXi &3)
.%+% Ǻ Đ ĞĐ ËÊ Į É Ĥ ĞĤ Ĭ ĖÈ ĖĤ É Ê ĞĐ Ĭ Ĥ ĞÏ Ģ Ĩ Đ É Ļ
Alk obpmb`ql ab nrfbkbp mfbkp^k nrb m^o^
i^ `lkcfdro^`fÉk abi alil ab_b m ^oqf`fm^o i^ Ck bpqbqfml abalil* i^ fkqbk`flk^ifa^a ^kqfgr+ ÁÀ
a b qb oj fk ^ `fÉ k  a^Çfk^* ib `^_b i^p jfpj^p oÅaf`^ abi ^``flk^o pb qo^pi^a^ `lk`obq^jbkqb
Â
obcibuflkbp abp^oolii^a^p ^kqboflojbkqb* mrbp ^ i^ ^``fÉk m^o^ `lkpbdrfo ab lqo^ mboplk^ i^ `r
+M
fkpfpqfjlpklbpabi^bpbk`f^abi^j^i^cbbpq^ bgb`r`fÉk abrk^`ql, Cpab`fo*pbabpq^`^ bk bi L.
ol
fkqbk`flk^ifa^a, ^oqÅ`ril71/ abi AÉafdlAfsfi*bkbi^oqÅ`ril05/ íM
îf-f
abiAÉafdlJbv04772vbkbi^oqÅ`ril0/.abiAÉ+ ÀĎ
<
Ck`^j_fl*bki^`ljm^o^`fÉk`lki^mlpqro^ab afdlAfsfiabiNboÑ*`ljlbibjbkqlqfmfcf`^kqb*^ `
1
nrfbkbpabpb`e^k i^cfk^ifa^aab ibpflk^ovobp+ ilpbkd^Çlprqfifw^alpm^o^fkar`fo^ilqolprgbql
qofkdbk^inrboboabkl`rj mifopbmbo`f_bnrbbi ^bj fqfork^slirkq^a`lk i^ fkqbk`fÉksf`f^a^, :Ji
+l
^oqÅ`ril3.4abiAÉafdlAfsfi*bpq^_ib`fÉrkalil l
&8
bpmb`Åcf`lvbu`irpfslm^o^i^bpcbo^l_ifd^`flk^i J^molufjfa^aabbpq^`i^pbabalil`lki^j^i^ l
F?
fl
nrbobnrfbobm^o^pr`lkcfdro^`fÉk Ñkf`^jbkqb cb bp j^o`^a^ bk i^ oba^``fÉk abi ^oqÅ`ril245 ÀĎ
B
bi`lkl`fjfbkqlabi^fibdfqfjfa^aabifk`rj mif+ abiCp_lwlabDobfq^p*alkabpbl_pbos^biqbj^ `r
QP
jfbkqlab i^ kloj^`lksbk`flk^i,CkbiAÉafdl abpab i^ Émqf`^ ab i^ sÅ`qfj^* ^i obdri^o nrb âM
ol
Jbv04772*bkbi^oqÅ`ril/502alkabpbbpq^_ib`b _XYiv [fcf' ZlXe[f cfj X^\ek\jgiXZk`ZXi\e \c ŬŦ

rkalilÑkf`lnrbpb`lkcfdro^mloi^molar``fÉk XZkf`e[lZ`[fj\e\iifigficXdXcX]\[\cXfkiX `olr


DP)
abrka^Çlabj^kbo^fkqbk`flk^il`lk j^kf+ g\ijfeX6\j[\Z`i'gfiXc^leXXZZ`zelfd`j`ze[\ ÆÁÀ
cfbpq^ fkafcbobk`f^ mloilpfkqbobpbp^gbklp &bpqb fkiXjg\ijfeXjZfecXd`iX[\g\ial[`ZXicf\ejl `r

Ñiqfj l pboÅ^ bi l_ifd^`flk^i', Bbi jfpjl jlal g\ijfeXfY`\e\j'ZfeXc^{e]`e[\gifm\Z_ffj`e bk


M
`
bk bi AÉafdlAfsfi abi NboÑ alkabbk bi^oqÅ`ril wc /4)Cpab`fo*m^o^bpqb^rqlo*bibgb`rq^kqbnrb á
ol
l
O,
ol

`ljmi^`boilbkbiabp^ooliilabij^qofjlkflmrq^qfsl,Ckbi`^plkle^vfkqbk`fÉkaba^Ç^ombolgroÅaf`^jbkqbpb ÁÀ
mbograf`^bkprpfkqbobpbpibdÅqfjlp^rkpbonrbofal, R1
:S
ÁÀ
t
24, A?XC?SV*NbaolL,vRPGEMPCNPCQ?Q*DÄifu?,Hg)<`k)'m,030,
î<
:S
25, Q?JT?R*P^vjrkalK,MiXkX[f[\=\i\Z_f<`m`c: i^\ek`ef(HYc`^XZ`fe\j\e@\e\iXc)/,/,/04,Qbuq^baf`fÉk^`qr^ifw^a^
``
mloE?JJG*CkofnrbT,@rbklp?fobp8Rfmldo~cf`^Cafqlo^?odbkqfk^*/730,BCE?QNCPG*JrfpvKMPCJJM*?rdrpqlK,
MiXkX[f[\=\i\Z_f<`m`c)M\fixX^\e\iXc[\cfj_\Z_fjpXZkfjalix[`Zfj)G,373,641,@rbklp?fobp8Rfmldo~cf`^Cafqlo^*
/742,
l
`l
26, ?LBMPLM*JrfpM, ?XZkfi\jjlYa\k`mf[\`dglkXZ`ze )Ck8K\jgfejXY`c`[X[<`m`c( Ii\jlgl\jkfj)AÉoal_^8?asl`^qrp,
/775*m,/51,JJ?K@ó?Q*HlodbHl^nrÅk,Hg)<`k)'m,/62,CAFCTCQRG*A^oilp?, <fd\ekXi`fXik)0+1 6v*A?KN?ELSAG
BC A?QM* Pr_Äk F, <fd\ekXi`f XcXik) 0-+*0-, ) ?j_lp bk8 <z[`^f <`m`cpefidXjZfdgc\d\ekXi`Xj( :evc`j`j Õ
[fZki`eXi`fpali`jgil[\eZ`Xc)0a^Caf`fÉk,@rbklp?fobp8Cafqlof^iF^jjro^_f*/776,J?D?GJJC*FÄ`qlo,=\i\Z_fZ`m`c İ
+MiXkX[f[\cXjHYc`^XZ`fe\j)RljlTi,i,i,@rbklp?fobp8Caf^oQ,?,Cafqlobp* /725*m,/45, à
O
27, AGDSCLRCQ*Q^kqlp,Hg)<`k)'m,0/3, èq

ǼÉ Ó BÉ Ĥ É Ä Ĕ Ô ĔI Ī F Ĕ I İ Ĝ I É L ĈĔĪIJ 0.7
j^nrfk^bfkar`b^boolo^ilqolbpq^oÅ^fk`rj+ `fÄkalpbabi^fdklo^k`f^abi`ljfqbkqb*mrbab
mifbkal bumobp^jbkqb bi j^ka^ql kloj^qfsl pbo obsl`^al bi ^`ql `lj l eb`el mlo alil*
ab `bib_o^obi`lkqo^ql &buqbkpf_ib^qlal^`ql a^kalird^o^i^pfkabjkfw^`flkbpmboqfkbkqbp,
groÅaf`l'ab _rbk^cb,
Cialil`^o^`qbofw^al`ljlsf`flabi^slirkq^a
Alk obpmb`ql^iqbj^*`r^kal pbbpqrafÉ i^ ob+ qfbkbmlobibjbkqlbpbk`f^ibibkd^Çlv*mlol_+
`lkl`f_fifa^aabiboolobkbiAÉafdlAfsfi*pb`fqÉ gbqlfkar`fo^boolo*bi`r^isbkaoÅ^^pborkqfml
bimbkp^jfbkqlabN^kfli*PfmboqvCpjbfk*nrfb+ ab boolo molsl`^al, Ck alil fk`roob bi prgbql
kbpbumobp^k nrb \c!hl\!_f!jXY`[f!hl\!cX!fkiX bkd^Ç^alov*bkboolo*bibkd^Ç^allfkar`fal30,
gXik\!\jkXYX! \e! \iifi!jfYi\! le!glekf! X!jlj! fafj
\j\eZ`Xc\j'!d\i\Z\!m\i!gifeleZ`X[X!cX!elc`[X[!\e Ck bpqb `^pl* i^ afpqfk`fÉk bkqob bi alil `ljl
jl![\ki`d\ekf)!>j!dXcX!]\!p !]i`jX!Zfe!\c![fcf )Cpqb sf`flabi^slirkq^avi^j^i^cbbpafcÅ`fiabbpq^+
^rqlo kl fdr^i^ i^pcfdro^p bk bpqrafl mbol i^p _ib`bo*mrbpqo^kpfq^mlork^wlk^dofpjrv^j+
mlkbbkrkmrkqlab`lkbufÉk jrv`bo`^kl3. mif^nrbm^o^abifjfq^oprp~j_fqlpbpfkbiraf_ib
bu^jfk^o8&f'bi`lkl`fjfbkqlabi^pfqr^`fÉk*&ff'
Pbsfpq^ b a fq^ a ^  m l o ^ ir j k l p  ab i^ D ^ ` r iq^ a  ab B b ob `e l  ab i^ S k fs b op fa ^ a  ab Jfj^

Ck ^nrbii^ fksbpqfd^`fÉk pb lmfkÉ nrb bi AÉ+ i^fkqbk`fÉkabl_qbkbork^bumobpfÉkabslirk+


a fd l  Afsfi bk mol`bpl ab buqfk`fÉk* kl pÉil q^a abi^lqo^ m^oqbv&fff'i^^``fÉkabbkd^Ç^o,
p^k`flk^ bi `lkl`fj fbkql ab i^ ob^ifa^a bk i^
`r^i pb abp^oolii^ bi kbdl`fl l ^`ql pfkl ^ab+ Ci `lkl`fjfbkql ab i^p `fo`rkpq^k`f^p* a^qlp l
j~p*bikle^_bo`lj rkf`^al^ i^`lkqo^m^oqb pfqr^`flkbp obibs^kqbp &sbo_fdo^`f^* bufpqbk`f^
af`e^`fo`rkpq^k`f^,Ck mbocb`q^`lk`loa^k`f^ ab fj mbafj bkql bk bi j ^qofj lkfl mrq^qfsl'
`lk il qo^p`ofmql* bi ^oqÅ`ril 711 dbkbo^ifw^ bi bp fkbiraf_ib bk bi prgbql ^`qfsl m^o^ mlabo
ab_bo ab e^`bo `lkl`bo i^ sboa^a c~`qf`^ bk mbodbÇ^obibkd^Çlv^``flk^obk`lkpb`rbk`f^,
i^ `r^i pb abpbksrbisbk ilp ^`qlp l kbdl`flp
m^qofjlkf^ibp,?pÅ*`r^kali^m^oqb^nrbii^nrb Qf kl`lkl`b* kl mrbab fkar`fo^ lqol ^ i^ ob^+
`lkl`fÉbiboolobk bi`r^i fk`roofÉbi^rqloab ifw^`fÉk abi ^`ql* o^wÉk mloi^ nrb klab_bpbo
i^ ab`i^o^`fÉk*pb e^`lkar`falbkcloj^ obqf+ `^ifcf`^alpr^`qr^o`ljlalilpl,Qfkbj_^odl
`bkqb l e^ l`riq^alalilp^jbkqb i^p `fo`rkp+ ^rqÉklj^jbkqb mlaoÅ^ pboqfia^alab j^i^cb
q^k`f^p abqboj fk^kqbp abi boolo* e^ fk`roofal mloi^kbdifdbk`f^bknrbfk`roofÉ`r^kalab_Å^
bk rk^ ljfpfÉk alilp^ `r^kal bi ^`ql kl pb qbkbobpb`lkl`fjfbkql*mloi^p`^ifa^abpmbopl+
er_fbo^ ob^ifw^al pfk af`e^ ^`qfqra abi prgbql k^ibp*qfbj mlvjlal*vklilmlpbvÉ,
`lkqo^q^kqb,Bbilpobnrfpfqlpbkrjbo^alpmlo
bi ^oqÅ`ril 710* i^ do^sba^a abi alil mfboab Bbpabbpq^mbopmb`qfs^*`r^kalpb ab_Å^`lkÉ+
obibs^k`f^^ibufpqfobiab_boab e^`bo`lkl`bo ` b k l p eb`elpnrba^klofdbk^i^fibdfqfjfa^a
biboolo^ i^ m^oqb fk`rop^ bk Äi3%, abi^``flk^ombolklpb`lkl`bkmlo`rim^fkbu+
`rp^_ib v^ pb bpq~ fk`ropl bk j^i^ cb* mbol bk
Ckobprjbk*`r^kali^slirkq^aabnrfbkbjfqb bpqb`^plv*mloiÉdf`^`lkpb`rbk`f^abbp^c^iq^
i^ab`i^o^`fÉkabqbojfk^a^mlobiboolobp`lkl+ lbooÉkb^fkcloj^`fÉk*klpbmrbabfkar`fo^i^
`fa^ mlo i^ `lkqo^m^oqb* i^ `r^i p^_bnrb kl pb lqo^ m^oqb ^ bj fqfo rk^ bumobpfÉk ab slirkq^a
^ab`Ñ^^ i^ob^ifa^avklilj^kfcbpqÉ*mobs^ib+ booÉkb^* pfkl bpq~ ^kqb rk ^`ql `bib_o^al `lk

3., ?JDCPGJJM*N^p`r^iCar^oal, íJ^i\Zf^efZ`Y`c`[X[![\c!\iifi!\e!\c!<z[`^f! <`m`c ) Ck8 ;fc\kxe![\!cX!?XZlckX[


:=OH < :MN L /1.

[\! =\i\Z_f!p !<`\eZ`Xj! LfZ`Xc\j) /754-/755, AÉoal_^8 Skfsbopfa^a L^`flk^i ab AÉoal_^* m, 001,Qb`fqÉ^
NJ?LGMJ*PGNCPRvCQKCGL,HYc`^XZ`fe\j)RljlG*m,/55,

3/, BYx[)'m,011,

30, AGDSCLRCQ* Q^kqlp, G\^fZ`f! Clix[`Zf) @rbklp ?fobp8 Cafqlof^i ?pqob^* /764* m, 2.7, E?PG@MRRM* Hr^k A^oilp,
M\fixX!^\e\iXc![\c!XZkf!alix[`Zf) @rbklp?fobp8Cafqlof^iBbm^ij^*/77/*m,/47,PGTCP?*HriflAÄp^o,Bejk`klZ`fe\j
[\!=\i\Z_f! <`m`c!( !IXik\! @\e\iXc)RljlGG,@rbklp?fobp8Cafqlof^i?_bibalNboolq* /775*m,6.5,

ȚŤT ĈÉĬËĮÉĤ ÂĒĮÉĪĒÍ ĤĘĔĪĜĤĤÍ


boolo ab ^j_^p m^oqbp* mrkql ^ m^oqfoabi `r^i alilplabilpjfpjlp*il`r^ifjmif`^mol_^oi^p Ü
e^_o~nrbgrwd^opfbiilpplkgrpqfcf`^_ibp31, j^nrfk^`flkbp* ^oqfcf`flp l ^pqr`f^ bjmib^a^ 
m^o^`lkpbdrfobi^`qlabiprgbqlab_rbk^cb, &%&'*
A (
?elo^_fbk*`^_bfkqboold^opbpfobpriq^bibjbk+ A?+-
ql qfmfcf`^kqbabi^ K^i^cb ^`obafq^obi molmÉ+ Qf pb l_pbos^ `lk abqbkfjfbkql* i^ ibv `fsfi bp lll
MOM
pfqllcfkmbopbdrfalmlobiprgbql^`qfslnrbpb j~ppfjmibbkprpbufdbk`f^pmol_^qlof^p*mbol 6JIDG
^i^sbwj~poÅdfa^bkprp^k`fÉk`lki^j^i^cb, :LIG6C?:GD
do~cf`^bk i^c^wfkqbok^abi^bi^_lo^`fÉkab i^
slirkq^a* bk i^ abqbojfk^`fÉk l fkqbk`fÉk ab
bi^_lo^ork^bpqo^qbdf^ m^o^fkar`fo^boolo^ i^ CkpÅkqbpfp*i^slirkq^afkqbok^abiprgbql&fkqbk+
lqo^m^oqbil`r^i*mlpqboflojbkqb*pbj^kfcfbpq^ `fÉk'abl_qbkbobi^`qlvi^mlpqboflo^``fÉkab
buqbok^jbkqbbk^``flkbp&^oqÅ`ril71/ abiAÉ+ bkd^Ç^oabp`ofmq^bkbi^oqÅ`ril71/ ZfiiUf kf[X
afdlAfsfi'rljfpflkbp&^oqÅ`ril710abiAÉafdl Xj\iZ`ze [\cf hl\\j ]Xcjf f[`j`dlcXZ`ze [\cf
Afsfi'nrb`^o^`qbofw^k^bpq^`i^pbabalil, m\i[X[\if'ZlXchl`\iXik`]`Z`f'XjklZ`XfdXhl`eX(
Z`ze 'klbpabi^bpbk`f^abi^j^i^cb*a^alnrb
J^obpmrbpq^kbd^qfs^*prodbkÅqfa^abi`lkqbkfal i^qfmfcf`^`fÉkabÄpq^ob`^bcrka^j bkq^ij bkqb _\

bkqbkbobi`lkl`fj fbkqlobibs^kqbcobkqb^ rk Â


abi^oqÅ`ril003abiAÉafdlAfsfi&qbuqlJbv013/3'
`r^kal obdi^ nrb \cZzepl^\[\Yl\eX]\gl\[\ obpriq^al&^`ql' obmol_^almloi^ibv, .'
L.
[\dXe[Xi'gfi`e[\de`qXZ`ze[\[Xyfjp g\ial`Z`fj sf
_\

Xc[\dXcX]\pXcfjk\iZ\ifjhl\_lY`\j\egifmfZX( ?m^oqfoabbpqb`lqbglab_bjlp`lj m^oqfo`lk M



[f\c\iifi'`eZlii`[f\e[fcff\a\iZ`[fcXm`fc\eZ`X ) N^kfli*Pfmboq*CpjbfkvQmlq^nrbi^j^i^cbbpq~ <
<M
`bo`^*pb^molufj^*cofp^*mbolklbpalil, `;
1
Ck mofj bo ird^o* mlonrb bpq^ kloj^ afpqfkdrb 
`loob`q^jbkqbbkqobj^i^cbvalil, )% AOZOTSfQcZ^O% OW

l
+A

Ck pbdrkalqÄoj fklmlonrb m^o^`^o^`qbofw^o^ Ck ilp bpqraflp mob`babkqbp pb abpq^`É `lk l
<M
i^j^i^cb&^oqÅ`ril002abiAÉafdlAfsfi'obnrfbob bpmb`f^i Äkc^pfp nrb i^ bufpqbk`f^ ab `^plp bk &S
M
nrbpb^`obafqbÑkf`^jbkqbnrb`lkl`Å^lab_Å^ ilp`r^ibp i^ ibv`^ifcf`^ ^i prgbql`ljl fk`ropl ^f
+l
`lkl`bobifjmbafjbkqlli^`^rp^i abkrifa^a, bk j^i^cb^mbp^oabklqbkbo*mlokbdifdbk`f^* úM
_\
-&#
Cp ab`fo* kl pb bufdb nrb ^`obafqb bi `Ékvrdb bi `lkl`fj fbkql obibs^kqb nrb ib bo^ bufdfÉib* 1
Qb
ab _rbk^cbi^fkqbk`flk^ifa^a kf i^pj^kfl_o^p `lkpqfqrvb i^o^wÉk iÉdf`^ j~pfj mloq^kqbnrb _\
AA'
ob^ifw^a^p m^o^ `lkar`foi^ ^ bj fqfo pr slirkq^a fjmfabibd^ival`qofk^of^jbkqb*^pfjfi^oqlq^ i+
bnrÅsl`^, Ll bp qo^p`bkabkqb m^o^ bi Bbob`el jbkqbi^ j^i^cb^ialil32, ^9
L.
nrbpb`lkcfdrobkbpqlpbibjbkqlpm^o^`i^pfcf`^o f-f
l
`
^i`Ékvrdb`ljlfk`roplbkj^i^cb*obmol`e^oib )%.% Å Đ Ġ Đ ĞĐ ËÊ Ģ Ê Ē ĞĖĒ Ê Ģ Ĩ Ê Ê Ģ Ê Ğ A Ħ É ĖĒ Ĥ A ĖĬ ĖĞĻ C
bi`ljmloq^jfbkqlvbkafid^oibbiab_boabobp^o+ _\

`foilpa^Çlpl`^pflk^alp^f`Ékvrdbab_rbk^cb, Ck bi`lkqbkfalab ilp^oqÅ`rilp 002&j ^qofj l+ M


^
kflmrq^qfsl'*0/54&sf`flpobaef_fqloflp'v0347 ol
L.
Ck`^j_fl*^ilpqbo`bolpnrber_fbobkmolsl`^+ &qo^kpcloj^`fÉkab`lp^^gbk^'abiAÉafdlAfsfi* _\
)+:
albiboolopfpbbufdbnrbpb^`obafqbbi^``flk^o `lk`obq^jbkqb* pb `^ifcf`^ ^i prgbql `ljl ab 1
ÀĎ
_\
f-f
<
^f
QQ

31, ?JDCPGJJM* N^p`r^i Car^oal, Mm, <`k)' m,006, Ck bpbqo^_^gl pbafpqfkdrfÉbkqobboolo`ljÑk vboolo_fi^qbo^i,Ci
mofjbolbp^nrbinrbklpbmobpbkq^`ljlrk^prj^abeb`elprkfi^qbo^ibp*pfkl`ljlrkbsbkqlÅkqbopr_gbqfsl*
nrbqfbkb_^glbpb^pmb`qli^jfpj^k^qro^ibw^nrbi^ab`i^o^`fÉk`ljÑk,Ck`^j_flbi_fi^qbo^i*bp`^o^`qbofw^al 5
`ljlbiobpriq^kqbabi^prj^abeb`elprkfi^qbo^ibp*bpab`fo*^j_^pm^oqbpe^kiibd^al^bp^pfqr^`fÉkbkcloj^
`l
fkabmbkafbkqb,

32, B?LX* Cof`e, Mm, <`k)' m, /75,A~j^o^ L^`flk^i Afsfi ab i^ PbmÑ_if`^?odbkqfk^* Q^i^ A*06abcb_obolab /7636*
Õ
1
Dbiaj^k*K^krbi`,Kbqolmlifq^k^*Q,?,*AÅ^Gkjl_fif^of^ ,Ck8K\m`jkXalix[`ZXEXE\p'/763+A*2/0*BfdbpqlHroÅaf`l*
763+24+267*?H* 763+//+16/, Ck bpqbc^iilpbgrwdÉ nrb \c]XZkfi[\Xki`YlZ`ze'cXZlcgX$dXcX]\%'hl\j\\ok\i`fi`qX à
O
Zfe\c`eZldgc`d`\ekfi\jl\cm\\cZfekiXkfp\cZfekiXkXek\hl\_XYxXi\Z`Y`[f\cgX^f' Xc[\jXgXi\Z\icXZXljX'ef

ǼÉ Ó BÉ Ĥ É Ä Ĕ Ô ĔI Ī F Ĕ I İ Ĝ I É L ĈĔĪIJ
j^i^cbbkcrk`fÉkabi`lkl`fj fbkqlnrbab_fÉ Õ ĻÕ Ļ Å Ĥ Ġ Đ ĞĐ ËÊ Ê İ È Ï Î Đ E ĞÊ Ļ
qbkbo,Cpab`fo*^mbp^oabklbpq^o^i`loofbkqbab
i^p `fo`rkpq^k`f^p obibs^kqbp obi^`flk^a^p `lk J^ al`qofk^ grofpmorabk`f^i e^ pfal bil`rbkqb
bi^`ql*klmlao~pbobufjfalabpbo`^ifcf`^alv bkabpq^`^onrbbk^idrklp`^plpabj^i^cbbi
ab i^p obpmlkp^_fifa^abp ab i^ j^i^cb `r^kal prgbqle^iibd^al^bpbbpq^alfkqbib`qr^iobmol+
pr fdklo^k`f^pb^ fkbu`rp^_ib, `e^_ibmlopr^``flk^o`rimlpl,T^abprvl*nrb
pÉil i^ nrb pb`lkcfdro^ mlofdklo^k`f^lboolo
Ckbpqlp`^plp*klpbmrbab^pbdro^onrbbipr+ mrbabpbobu`rp^_ibkl^i`^kw^kal^ilp`^plp
gbqlqo^pdobplo`lkl`Å^bieb`el*`fo`rkpq^k`f^l bknrbbiprgbqlbcb`qfs^jbkqbqbkÅ^bi`lkl`f+
jlqfslnrbqlok^obmol`e^_ibpr`lkar`q^*mbol j fbkql ab ilp eb`elp l jlqfslp `^rp^kqbp ab
fkara^_ibjbkqbpbilqfia^o~fk`roplbkj^i^cb* i^fibdfqfj fa^aabpr^`qr^o,
mlokl e^_bol_o^al`lk i^ afifdbk`f^ nrbbo^
jbkbpqbo`lkclojbi^p`fo`rkpq^k`f^pabqfbj + Cpq^fab^nrbaÉmi^pj^a^`r^kalpbgrwdÉnrb
ml*jlalvird^om^o^^anrfofobi`lkl`fjfbkql, cX! dXcX! ]\!j\!Zfe]`^liX! ef!jzcf!gfi!\c!\]\Zk`mf
Nbolcrka^jbkq^ijbkqb* mlonrb^i Bbob`elib ZfefZ`d`\ekf![\c!`dg\[`d\ekf!j`ef!kXdY`we!gfi
P bsfpq^ b a fq^ a ^  m l o ^ ir j k l p  ab i^ D ^`riq^a ab B bob`el ab i^ S k fs b op fa ^ a  ab Jfj^

fkqbobp^ nrbbiprgbqlqbkd^ bpb`lkl`fjfbkql \c!ZfefZ`d`\ekf!hl\![\!wc!j\!_lY`\iX![\Y`[f!k\e\i'


v*abbpb jlal* mrba^ e^`boil`lkl`bo^ilqol [\!dXe\iX!hl\!ef!hl\[X!\oZljX[f!\c!ZfdgfikX(
m^oqf`fmbabi ^`ql m^o^bsfq^oa^Çlp fkÑqfibp,?i d`\ekf!e\^c`^\ek\![\!hl`we!_XYixX!gf[`[f!ZfefZ\i
kl mlpbbobpbp^_bomlokbdifdbk`f^ labpfaf^* cX!m\i[X[!X!gfZf!hl\!`e[X^XiX 00)
bjfqb rk^ slirkq^a `lk boolo fkbu`rp^_ib* kl
mrbabqo^kpj fqfo^ i^ lqo^ m^oqb i^ fkcloj^`fÉk Ck fdr^i pbkqfal pb obplisfÉnrb kl_Xp!Yl\eX
v kl bsfq^ i^ `bib_o^`fÉk ab rk ^`ql nrb l`^+ ]\'! j`ef! dXcX! ]\'! ZlXe[f! \c!\iifi!\j!gif[lZkf![\
pflk^o~ a^Çl* ab alkab i^ fj mrq^`fÉk ab i^p leX!Zfe[lZkX!XZi\[`kX[X![\!`e^\el`[X['!c`^\i\qX
obpmlkp^_fifa^abp^iprgbqlabp`rfa^albprk^ f!jlYfi[`eXZ`ze 01)
`loob`q^ab`fpfÉkabi^ ibv,
R^j_fÄk*bk bi j^o`lab rk^ ^``fÉk mlosf`flp
?abj~pabbpq^pmrkqr^ibpobcbobk`f^piibs^a^p obaef_fqloflp fkf`f^a^ mlo bi molmfbq^ofl ab rk
^`^_lmlobiibdfpi^alo^i^j^i^cbabofs^a^ab bafcf`fl `lkqo^ i^ bjmobp^ `lkpqor`qlo^ mlo i^
i^ kbdifdbk`f^ bk fkcloj^opbpl_ob i^p`fo`rkp+ `^Åa^ ab rk _^i`Ék abi fkjrb_ib`loobpmlkab
q^k`f^pabi^`ql*pbmrbab^k^ifw^obi`lkqbkfal `lkpfabo^o ab j^i^ cb cX! Zfe[lZkX![\!cfj!`ek\(
abilp^oqÅ`rilp0134*2..4*2..5v055/ abiAÉ+ ^iXek\j![\!cX!XZZ`feX[X!j`!gfi!jl!gif]\j`ze!l!f]`Z`f
afdlAfsfi alkab pba^k m^rq^p`lk`obq^p m^o^ ZfefZ`\ife! f! [\Y`\ife! ZfefZ\i!cX! \o`jk\eZ`X! [\c
abqbojfk^oi^kbdifdbk`f^nrbiibs^^i^j^i^cb, m`Z`f!p !ef!cf!dXe`]\jkXife!X!cfj!ZfdgiX[fi\j 02)

Aljlpb`ljmobkab*i^bu`rp^_fifa^aabi^j^i^ Ar^kal pb fksbpqfdÉ pl_ob bi boolo bu`rp^_ib*


cbbpq~Åkqfj^jbkqbifd^a^^i^afifdbk`f^bufdfa^ `lk`bmqlp^mif`^_ibp^i^j^i^cbgrpqfcf`^_ib`lk
m^o^iibd^o^i`lkl`fjfbkqlbufdfalmloi^ibv, i^p ^ab`r^`flkbp `loobpmlkafbkqbp* pb bumrpl

gl\[\!fjk\ekXi!kxklcf!gXiX!\c!ljf![\c![`e\if'!e`!XZklXc!e`!gXjX[f)!<`\ikf!\j!hl\!\e!\c!ZXjf!cX!ZlcgX!p!cX!dfiX!klm`\ife!jl
k`\dgf!gfjk\i`fi!X!cX!g\iZ\gZ`ze![\!cfj![`e\ifj!$\e!\c!ZXjf'![\!Xc^leXj!gXik`[Xj!f!ZlfkXj%'!g\if!Xc![\jXgXi\Z\i!cX!ZXljX
gfi!\]\Zkf![\!\jkX!j`klXZ`ze!gXj`Yc\![\!i\gifZ_\!jlYa\k`mf'!ef!gl\[\!Xc\^Xij\!cX!Yl\eX!]\!\e!cX!i\k\eZ`ze![\c![`e\if!e`
X{e!gfi!\c!cXgjf!Xek\i`fi)!L\!gfj\xX!cX!ZfekiXgi\jkXZ`ze!$f!gXik\![\!\ccX%'!\e!fi[\e!X!leX!Zfe[lZkX!gifd\k`[X!hl\!ef
j\!jXk`j]`qf)!Gf!gl\[\!ZfeZ\Y`ij\!leX!Yl\eX!]\!i\cXZ`feX[X!Zfe!leX![\l[X!hl\!X!cX!gfjki\!ef!j\!Zldgc\'!gfi!dfk`mfj
:=OH < :MN L /1.

`dglkXYc\j!Xc!kfdX[fi![\!cfj!gX^fj &abislqlabial`qloBro^alÇ^vTbaf^',

33, A~j^o^L^`flk^iAfsfiabi^PbmÑ_if`^?odbkqfk^*Q^i^E*/761-.1-/6* P,*J,`,R,*?,?, ,Ck8CiBbob`el&CB'*/.3+351,

34, Hrwd^al ab /^ Gkpq^k`f^ Afsfi v Aljbo`f^i* 4^ Lljfk^`fÉk AÉoal_^* PbmÑ_if`^ ?odbkqfk^* /5 ab ^_ofi ab /767*
Drbkqbp*FrdlA,?foa*Hr^k Ck8J^Jbv*AÉoal_^* /77.+2.5,

35, A~j^o^L^`flk^iAfsfiPbmÑ_if`^?odbkqfk^*Q^i^A*0...-.4-1.* K^ofkf*HlpÄ?,vlqo^`, ,Alkplo`fl?qf`^*GQ,P,J,Ck8


CiBbob`el&CB'*/7.+037,

0/0 ĈÉĬËĮÉĤ ÂĒĮÉĪĒÍ ĤĘĔĪĜĤĤÍ


nrb8 \cjla\kf\d`jfi[\cXmfclekX[m`Z`X[Xgfi\c kraldloaf^kl nrbe^vnrbabp^q^om^o^qbkbo è
\iifi_Xcc\^X[fX\j\\jkX[fgj`Zfcz^`Zfgfihl\ `lksf``fÉkabnrbbprk^cfdro^^rqÉklj^*bppr
ef kfdzcXjgi\m`j`fe\j dxe`dXj \e \cg\i`f[f qo^af`flk^i sfk`ri^`fÉk `lk bi alil,Ck bp^ afob`+ >=I
t +
]fidXk`mf[\jlmfclekX[fY`\ejl[`c`^\eZ`Xef `fÉk*i^`ljm^o^`fÉkklmrbabpboifkb^ipfklnrb
]l\jl]`Z`\ek\gXiXjlg\iXicfjfYjkvZlcfjhl\j\ pbab_bob^ifw^o`lk`^a^rklabilpqfmlpabalil C8C
EO
_Xefgl\jkfgXiXcc\^XiXcZfefZ`d`\ekfgc\ef[\ obdi^alpbkkrbpqo^kloj^qfs^`fsfi, 6JIDG
:LIG6C?:GD
cXm\i[X[ )Cpab`fo*abpabi^kbdifdbk`f^buqobj^
e^pq^ i^p afifdbk`f^p nrb qlok^k o^wlk^_ibp bi Qfk mbogrf`fl ab i^ `ljm^o^`fÉk m^oqf`ri^o* bk
boolobufpqb rk^ afsbopfa^a ab`lkar`q^pc^`qf+ dbkbo^i* i^ j^i^ cbpb afcbobk`f^ abi alil bk i^
_ibp,TÄibwQ^opcfbiafkqbomobqÉ^bpq^p`lkar`q^p bq^m^abi^cloj^`fÉkabi^slirkq^afkqbok^*bk
a~kalibprkqo^q^j fbkqlafpqfkql*`^o^`qbofw^k+ nrb kl obnrfbobpbo^`obafq^a^ v* mlobkab* kl
al* bk bi^oqÅ`ril707*^iboolobu`rp^_ib`ljl cloj^m^oqbabprbpqor`qro^i^fkqbk`flk^ifa^a
^nrbinrbklmbograf`^`r^kale^e^_falo^wÉk &a^Çfk^*abkl`rj mifolabl_qbkbork^`ql'l
m^o^boo^o,Pbpmb`ql^iboolofkbu`rp^_ibbumob+ bicfkabi^slirkq^a,
pÉ8 efgf[ivXc\^Xij\ZlXe[fcX`^efiXeZ`X[\c cM
?abj~p ab biil* v mlo iÉdf`^ `lkpb`rbk`f^* Â
m\i[X[\if \jkX[f [\cXj ZfjXjgifm`\e\ [\ leX
e\^c`^\eZ`XZlcgXYc\ 03) kl cloj^ m^oqb ab i^ bpqor`qro^ v ab i^ `^od^ Qb
âM
mol_^qlof^ ab i^ j^i^ cb* i^ buqboflofw^`fÉk ab ÐM
ol
?pÅbkqlk`bp* i^ j^i^cbpbo~bu`rp^_ib`r^kal i^ fkqbk`flk^ifa^a ab a^Ç^o* kl `rj mifo l ab &\
Öj`
kl pb qfbkb bi `lkl`fj fbkql &fdklo^k`f^' l pb fkar`fo^i^bjfpfÉkabrk^`ql,Cpab`fo*i^^``fÉk ÀĎ
<
qfbkb rkl bnrfsl`^al &boolo' ab i^ pfqr^`fÉk* afob``flk^a^mlobinrboboa^Ç^o*abkl`rj mifo `
`fo`rkpq^k`f^p*a^qlp*bq`,obibs^kqbbufdfalmlo l i^p j^nrfk^`flkbp* ^odr`f^p* ^oqfcf`flp* bq`, ]ol
i^ ibv*ab_fal^rk^ kbdifdbk`f^grpqfcf`^_ib, m^o^ fkar`foi^ slirkq^a ab i^ lqo^ m^oqb*bp ab :r
L.
i^bpbk`f^abialilmbolklabi^ j^i^cb, M
+A

=L% F9:@9L=CB9G:=B5@9G r
Qb

J^ j^i^cbbp j~ppfjmibbk pr bpqor`qro^vbk O


Qb

?jlalab`lk`irpflkbpcfk^ibp*bpq^pobcibufl+ i^pbufdbk`f^p mol_^qlof^p, J^ j^i^cb* mlobiil* ÀĎ


z`
kbp nrb fkf`f^jlp `lkl`fbkal i^p obcbobk`f^p pbo~bic^`qloab^qof_r`fÉkbk i^pl`fba^a mlp+ íM
ol
mi^pj^a^pbk^oqÅ`rilpvklq^pabiAÉafdlAfsfi jlabok^labi`lkl`fjfbkql*a^alnrb^kqbi^ 1
abTÄibwQ^opcfbia*bkbikrbslAÉafdlrkfcf`^al `ljmibgfa^aab i^ jfpj^pbkb`bpfq^kc^`qlobp r
ol
AA'
Jbv04772vbkbiAÉafdlabi NboÑ*mbojfqfbolk ab^qof_r`fÉkabobpmlkp^_fifa^alabifjfq^`fÉk ]ol
abp`r_ofo bk mrkql `ljÑk nrÄ ib a^ bi mbocfi ababob`elpfjmibp*abc~`fi^`obafq^`fÉk, Qb
L.
v `lk`bmqr^ifw^ ^rqÉklj ^j bkqb ^ i^ K^i^ <-f
M
`
Db 8 bi `lkl`fj fbkql nrb qfbkb l ab_fÉ qbkbo Sk^ j rbpqo^ m l o abj ~p p l _ ob p^ ifb k qb  pb Â
ab abqbojfk^a^ `fo`rkpq^k`f^* a^ql* pfqr^`fÉk* mobpbkq^ bk i^p Pb`ljbka^`flkbp Alkgrkq^p ol
`^ifa^a*bq`,obibs^kqbm^o^biBbob`el^i^irwab ^almq^a^pmloi^?p^j_ib^abi^SkfÉkabN^oÅp M
l,
i^p m^oqf`ri^ofa^abp molmf^pab`^a^ ^`ql*`rv^ m^o^i^Nolqb``fÉkabi^Nolmfba^aGkarpqof^ivi^ ol
Q8
rqfifw^`fÉk^kqfcrk`flk^ibpobmol_^a^, ?p^j_ib^ Ebkbo^i ab i^Mod^kfw^`fÉk Krkaf^i ÁÀ
abi^ Nolmfba^aGkqbib`qr^i&MKNG'bki^qofdÄpf+ R1
ÀĎ
Alkbp^bumbofbk`f^^pfjfi^a^*crbc^`qf_ibfkqbk+ j^pbuq^pbofbabobrkflkbpabi^?p^j_ib^ab ol
W[
q^o rk^ `i^pfcf`^`fÉk qlj^kal `ljl m^o~jbqol ilp Cpq^alpKfbj_olpab i^ MKNG*ob^ifw^a^pbi <
ÀĎ
`ljm^o^qfslpfpbe^_Å^mobsfpqlrk^p^k`fÉk,Ciil 02 ab pbmqfbj_ob ^i 1 ab l`qr_ob ab 0../* bk ZZ
mbojfqfÉsbofcf`^onrbi^j^i^cb^`qÑ^`ljl`^rp^ nrb e^`bk obcbobk`f^ `lk`obq^ ^ i^ K^i^ Db 
abkrifa^a* m^o^ ifjfq^obibgbo`f`flababob`elp* bkbi^oqÅ`ril2*i^`r^i^`qr^oÅ^`ljlc^`qloab
\
l`ljlc^`qloab^qof_r`fÉk*m^o^bkafid^oi^obp+ ^qof_r`fÉkabi^pobpmlkp^_fifa^abpbjbodbkqbp `l
mlkp^_fifa^aabobp^o`fo,Nbolfkara^_ibjbkqb*bi abi fk`rj mifj fbkql ab i^p ob`ljbka^`flkbp
`+
kO
36, ?JDCPGJJM*N^p`r^iCar^oal,Hg)<`k)'m,002,

ǼÉ Ó BÉ Ĥ É Ä Ĕ Ô ĔI Ī F Ĕ I İ Ĝ I É L ĈĔĪIJ 0/1
bcb`qr^a^p m^o^ i^ molqb``fÉk ab i^ molmfba^a Dfk^ijbkqb*`^_babpq^`^onrbbpq^cfdro^^ili^o+
fkqbib`qr^i,Ckbpb^oqÅ`rilpbmolmlkb8 dlabprs^pq^efpqlof^sflb`ifmp^a^prbufpqbk`f^
mlobialilv i^ `rim^* nrbbgbo`fbolk pr pbÇloÅl
,% TFXcX ]\V : cfj \]\Zkfj [\ cX Xgc`ZXZ`ze [\ fkafp`rqf_ib e^pq^ bi prodfjfbkql ab i^ pl`fba^a
cXj gi\j\ek\j [`jgfj`Z`fe\j' j\ k\e[iv \e fkarpqof^ivqla^prkrbs^mol_ibj~qf`^abiofbpdl*
Zl\ekX ZlXchl`\i Z`iZlejkXeZ`X g\ik`e\e( nrbjlqfs^olki^fkpq^i^`fÉkabilpc^`qlobpab^qof+
k\ gXiX [\k\id`eXi j` le j`^ef ]l\ ljX[f' _r`fÉkl_gbqfslp`ljljbaflpfaÉkblpm^o^a^o
f j` le [\i\Z_f ]l\ X[hl`i`[f' [\ dXcX ]\) obpmrbpq^^ i^p krbs^pfkgrpqf`f^pnrbkl mlaÅ^k
pbo`ljmbkp^a^p`lki^qbloÅ^abi^`rim^_fifa^a,
-% T?XZkfi\jV >e gXik`ZlcXi' cX Xlkfi`[X[
Zfdg\k\ek\ [\Y\iv Zfej`[\iXi' \eki\ Cpqbmbkp^jfbkqlbslirqfsl^anrfbobj^vloob+
fkifj' cfj j`^l`\ek\j Xjg\Zkfj5 ibs^k`f^*`r^kalbu^jfk^jlp^i^j^i^cbabpab
i^Émqf`^abilpkrbslpabob`elpv`lkcif`qlpnrb
`% j` cX g\ijfeX hl\ ljz \c j`^ef f pb dbkbo^k bk i^ pl`fba^a qb`kliÉdf`^ l mlpq+
X[hl`i`z \c [\i\Z_f jfYi\ \c j`^ef jlabok^ nrb klp ql`^ sfsfo* alkab i^ qÄ`kf`^
Pbsfpq^ b a fq^ a ^  m l o ^ ir j k l p  ab i^ D ^ `riq^a ab B bob`el ab i^ S k fs b op fa ^ a  ab Jfj^

k\exX ZfefZ`d`\ekf [\ cX \o`jk\e( iibs^a^^buqobjlvbk mboj^kbkqbbslir`fÉk*


Z`X [\ le [\i\Z_f jfYi\ le j`^ef mbojfqbrk^Émqfj ^afcrpfÉkabi^ fkcloj^`fÉk
`[wek`Zf f j`d `cXi g\ik\e\Z`\ek\ X v*`ljl`lkqo^m^oqfa^*i^abpmboplk^ifw^`fÉkab
fkif' f ef gf[xX iXqfeXYc\d\ek\ i^pobi^`flkbpÅkqbopr_gbqfs^p,
`^efiXi cX \o`jk\eZ`X [\ \j\ [\i\Z_f'
\e \c dfd\ekf \e hl\' gfi gi`d\iX Ckbpqb`lkqbuql*i^j^i^cbpbbofdb^crqrol`ljl
m\q' cX g\ijfeX _XpX ljX[f \c j`^ef' bic^`qloab^qof_r`fÉk Émqfj l m^o^grpqfcf`^oi^p
X[hl`i`[f \c [\i\Z_f f gi\j\ekX[f mrkf`flkbpqlj^kalbk`rbkq^i^pfjmif`fa^aab
leX jfc`Z`kl[ gXiX cX X[hl`j`Z`ze [\c prbpqor`qro^nrbc^`fifq^i^`^od^mol_^qlof^,Ciil
[\i\Z_f' ZlXchl`\iX j\X cX hl\ _XpX mlo`r^kqlbpa^_ib mob`fp^onrb^ mbp^onrbbi
fZlii`[f \e gi`d\i kwid`ef6 p' `lkl`fjfbkql obibs^kqbbpq~bk bifkqbofloab i^
mpfnrbabiprgbqlnrb^`qÑ^abj^i^cb*bijfpjl
``% j` \c ljf [\c j`^ef i\ [ le [ XixX  mrbab pbo mobprjfal* bk pr bufpqbk`f^* `lk i^
\e le Xgifm\Z_Xd `\ekf `e [ \Y `( ^mif`^`fÉkabm^o~jbqolpl_gbqfslp8`r^kalqbkÅ^
[f [\c ZXivZk\i [`jk`ek`mf f [\ cX lab_Å^qbkboaf`elp^_bo*`lkclojbi^pm^oqf`r+
i\glkXZ`ze [\c j`^ef fYa\kf [\c i^ofa^abpabi`^pl_^glbu^jbk,
fkif [\i\Z_f' f cf d\efjZXYXixX
`ealjk`]`ZX[Xd\ek\Qfdf j\ Zfc`^\ Qfk ara^ i^ `ljmibgfa^a `riqro^i abi pfdil VVG
[\ cX j`dgc\ c\ZkliX [\ \jkX i\Zf( fjmlkbkrbslpabp^cÅlp^i^Afbk`f^HroÅaf`^o^+
d\e[XZ`ze `ek\ieXZ`feXc j\ m`eZlcX wÉkmloi^`r^ibpq^pjbafq^`flkbpnrbmol`ro^k
X cX dXcX ]\ Zfe \c ZfefZ`d`\ekf hl\ `lkpqorfork^qbloÅ^ dbkbo^i ab i^cfdro^ jbob+
[\Y`z k\e\i cX g\ijfeX hl\ ljz cX `bk`lkqfkrfa^abkbiqfbj mlvbkilp`i^rpqolp*
`[\X [\ fkif ) `lkbpqraflp^`^aÄjf`lpabj^vlomolcrkafa^a
vp^mfbk`f^,Bbbpqbjlal*`lkl`fbkalbijlal
Nlobiilv*`ljlobcibufÉkfkqbdo^qfs^*pbmrbab ab ^`qr^oab i^ K^i^ Db *bi Bbob`el p^_o~ mr+
^pbsbo^o nrb i^ j^i^ cb bp rk^ cfdro^ groÅaf`^ kfoi^^ab`r^a^jbkqbm^o^`lkpqorforkjrkal
nrbqfbkb^rqlkljÅ^bkbimibulkloj^qfsl*bp alkabfjmbobabcfkfqfs^j bkqbi^ @rbk^ Db ,
fkabmbkafbkqbabi alilvabi^`rim^,Qr `lkcf+
dro^`fÉk_^pq^m^o^grpqfcf`^oi^krifa^a*`lkab+ Cp^ bp krbpqo^ bpmbo^kw^ v i^ abmlpfq^jlp bk
:=OH < :MN L /1.

k^obiobp^o`fjfbkqlabilpa^Çlpnrbdbkbobl bpq^ lmloqrkfa^abk ilpgÉsbkbpfksbpqfd^alobp


fj mbafo i^ mibkfqra abi bgbo`f`fl ^kqfcrk`flk^i abi NboÑ* nrfbkbpqbkao~k i^ q^ob^ ab`lkqfkr^o
abrkabob`el, i^pl_o^pfkf`f^a^p,

ȚŤU ĈÉĬËĮÉĤ ÂĒĮÉĪĒÍ ĤĘĔĪĜĤĤÍ

You might also like