LEARNING ACTIVITY SHEET

QUARTER 3/ 2nd SEMESTER WEEK 8

Name:_________________________________________Score:____________

Grade & Section ________________________________Subject: Basic Calculus

Name of Teacher: _______________________________Date: __________

I. Title:_Implicit Differentiation
II. Type of Activity: Concept notes with formative activities

LAS for summative assessment ( Written Work Performance

Task)
III. MELC: Illustrate implicit differentiation (STEM_BC11D-IIIi-2)
Solve problems(including logarithmic, and inverse trigonometric functions) using
implicit differentiation (STEM_BC11D-IIIi-j-1)
Solve situational problems involving related rates (STEM_BC11D-IIIi-j-2)

IV. Learning Objective/s:

Define Implicit Function.
Differentiate implicit function from explicit function.
Find the derivative of implicit function.
Solve problems involving related rates.

V. Reference/s
For Print Material/s:

Basic Calculus Learner’s Material; Vergara Thomas Herald, et.al.; pp. 201-
221

For Online Resource/s:

https://tutorial.math.lamar.edu/classes/calci/relatedrates.aspx; April 21, 2021

https://www.matheno.com/blog/4-steps-to-solve-related-rates-problem-part-1/;
April 21, 2021
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=p_QyOi2MbFQ; April 21, 2021
https://web.ma.utexas.edu/users/m408n/AS/LM3-9-2.html; April 25, 2021

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VI. Concept notes with formative activities
In our previous lesson, you have learned how to differentiate functions with respect
to independent variable x. For example derivative of 2x is 2 but if a function is
defined implicitly, we have to use the method called implicit differentiation

Definitions
Explicit function – is a type of function wherein its arrangement clearly defines that
the y variable is a function of x that is written in terms of an independent variable.
Examples:
y = 2x+1 y = x3-1 y = x2-4x y = 5x

Implicit function – is a type of function wherein its arrangement does not clearly
define that the 𝑦 variable is a function of x.
Examples:
x2+y2 = 25 xy = x-y+2 y2 + xy = x2-4x x-2xy = 5xy

Implicit differentiation – is the process of taking the derivative of an implicit

function.

Steps in differentiating implicit functions.

1. Take the derivatives of the function on both sides of the equation with respect to .
Use the Chain rule of differentiation when taking the derivative of the variable 𝑦.
dy
2. Using algebra, solve for .
dx

dy
Example 1: Given 𝑥2 + 𝑦2 = 25, use implicit differentiation to find
dx
Step 1: Take the derivative of both sides with respect to 𝑥

d 2 2 d
[x +y ] = [25]
dx dx
Since the left side of the equation contains 2 terms, apply
d 2 d 2 d sum/difference rule. Find the derivative of each term.
[x ]+ [y ] = [25]
dx dx dx

dy
2x + 2y● =0
dx

2
 dy
Step 2: Using algebra, solve for .
dx

dy
2y● = -2x → Subtract -2x from both sides of the equation.
dx

dy −2 x
= → Divide both sides of the equation by 2 y
dx 2 y

dy −x
= → Simplify
dx y

dy
Example 2: Find for y3+4y2+3x2y+10 = 0
dx

Step 1: Take the derivative of both sides with respect to 𝑥

d 3 d
[y +4y2+3x2y+10] = [0]
dx dx

d 3 d d d d
[y ] + [4y2]+ [3x2y]+ [10] = [0] →The derivative of 3x2y is obtained by applying product
dx dx dx dx dx
rule

dy dy dy
3y2● + 8y● + 3x2● +6xy+0 = 0
dx dx dx

dy dy dy
3y2● + 8y● + 3x2● = -6xy
dx dx dx

dy
(3y2+ 8y+ 3x2 ) = -6xy
dx

dy −6 xy
= 2
dx 3 y +8 y +3 x 2

dy
Example 3: Find for sin xy-cos y = 0
dx

d d
[sin xy – cos y] = [0]
dx dx

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d d d
[sin xy] - [cos y] = [0]
dx dx dx

dy dy
(cos xy)(x● +y) – (-sin y)● =0
dx dx

dy dy
x●cosxy● + y●cos xy + (sin y)● = 0
dx dx

dy dy
x(cosxy)● + (sin y)● = y●cos xy
dx dx

dy
(x cos xy + sin y ) = y●cos xy
dx

dy y ∙ cos xy
=
dx xcosxy + sin y

Solving Related Rates Problem

Related rates problems involve two (or more) variables that change at the same
time. If we know how the variables are related, and how fast one of them is
changing, then we can figure out how fast the other one is changing. 

This type of problem can be solved using implicit differentiation.

Steps in Solving Related Rates Problem

1. Draw an illustration of the problem that is valid for any time t (if possible).
2. Identify the quantities that change with respect to time, and represent with
variables.
3. Identify which rate of change is being asked.
4. Write an equation that relates the quantities of interest.
5. Differentiate both sides with respect to time t using implicit differentiation.
6. Substitute all the given values into the equation to solve for the unknown rate
of change.

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Example: A ladder 10 ft long is leaning against a wall. If the bottom of the ladder is
being pushed horizontally towards the wall at 2 ft/s, how fast is the top of the ladder
moving when the bottom is 6 ft from the wall?

Solution:
#1 Illustrate the problem

Let x be the distance between the bottom of the

ladder and the wall. Let y be the distance between the
top of the ladder and the ground.

#2 Identify the quantities that change with respect to time, and represent with
variables.

The sign is negative because the ladder is pushed

dx towards the wall. Thus, the distance between the
=−2 base of the ladder and wall is decreasing.
dt
#3 Identify which rate of
change is being asked.
How fast is the top of the ladder moving when the bottom is 6 ft from the wall?

dy
Find when x = 6
dt

#4 Write an equation that relates the quantities of interest.

In the illustration, observe that the ladder, the wall, and the ground form a right
triangle. Using Pythagorean Theorem, we have

x2+y2 =100

# 5 Differentiating both sides with respect to time t

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 dx dy
2x +2 y =0 In the equation,
dt dt
dx
and x are given
dt
dx
is the rate of change being asked
dt
y is unknown → solve using the Pythagorean Theorem

62+y2 = 100 → y = √ 100−36

→ y = √ 64 =8

# 6 Substitute all the given values into the equation

dy dy 24 3
2(6)(-2) + 2(8) =0→ = =
dt dt 16 2
Thus, the distance between the top of the ladder and the ground is increasing at the
rate of 1.5 ft/s.

Example 2: Water is pouring into an inverted cone at the rate of 6 cubic meters per
minute. If the height of the cone is 8 meters and the radius of its base is 4 meters,
how fast is the water level rising when the water is 2-meter deep?

Solution:
#1 Draw an appropriate illustration of the problem

Let V be the volume of the water inside the inverted

cone at any time t. Let h be the height and r be the
radius of the cone formed by the volume of the water
at any time t.
#2

Identify the quantities that change with respect to

time, and represent with variables.

Sign is positive because the volume of the water is

dV increasing.
=6
dt

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#3 Identify which rate of change is being asked.
How fast is the water level rising when the water is 2-meter deep?
dh
Find when h = 2
dt

#4 Write an equation that relates the quantities of interest.

The formula for the volume of a cone is
π
V = r2 h
3
The rate of change of r is neither given nor asked. We have to find a relationship
between r and h. From the illustration, we can use proportionality relation in similar
triangles.

r 4
=
h 8

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 h
or r =
2

π h 2 π 3
Thus, V = ( ) h → V = h
3 2 12

# 5 Differentiating both sides with respect to time t

dV π 2 dh
= h●
dt 4 dt

# 6 Substitute all the given values into the equation

dV π 2 dh
= h●
dt 4 dt
π 2 dh
6= 2●
4 dt

dh 6
=
dt π
6
The water level inside the cone is rising at the rate of meters/minute.
π

Task 1: You can do this

Direction: Identify whether y is expressed EXPLICITLY or IMPLICITLY in terms of x.
1. y = x+1
2. x+y2=2x2+1
3. 2x+2y = 7
4. y = x2-2x+7
5. y = sin x
Task 2
Direction: Arrange the following steps in solving related rates problem.
___Draw an illustration of the problem that is valid for any time t (if possible).
___ Substitute all the given values into the equation

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___Differentiate both sides with respect to time t
___Identify which rate of change is being asked.
___Identify the quantities that change with respect to time, and represent with
variables.
___Write an equation that relates the quantities of interest.

Task 3
Direction: Solve for y in terms of x
1. x+y =4x2
2. 4x-2y = 8
3. x+4 = y-2x2
4. 2y-8x2+6x+4 = 0
5. ex+1 = y + 2x

Task 4: You can do more

Using your answers in task 3, find the derivative of the function.

Task 5
dy
Use implicit differentiation to find in task 3
dx

Task 6
Direction: Match items in column A with its derivative in column B.
A B
dy
1. x+y = 4x+5 =3
dx
dy −2
2. 4y-8x = 7 =
dx 3 y 2
dy 1
3. x2-y2=4 =
dx 2
dy x
4. 2x+y3 = 4 =
dx y
dy −4 x
5. 2xy + y3 = 4 =
dx 3 y

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Task 7: Challenge Yourself
dy
Direction: Use implicit differentiation to find
dx
1. x2+y2 = 25
2. 4x2+y3+4 = 0
3. x+y3+8 = 0
4. sin x + cos y = 1
5. ex + ey = 1

Task 8: Solve the problem using the steps in solving related rates.
A ladder 5 meters long is leaning against a wall. If the bottom of the ladder is being
pulled away from the wall at 1 m/s, how fast is the ladder sliding down the wall when
the top of the ladder is 3 meters from the ground?

 Draw an appropriate illustration of the problem

 Identify the quantities that change with respect to time, and represent with
variables.
 Identify which rate of change is being asked.
 Write an equation that relates the quantities of interest.
 Differentiate both sides with respect to time t
 How fast is the ladder sliding down the wall when the top of the ladder is 3
meters from the ground?

Task 9
Direction: Using related rates problem-solving method, solve for each item.
Related Rates Equation Given Find
x+y =25 dx dy
=4
dt dt
x+y2 = 25 dy dy
= -1 when y = 3
dt dt
x+2y+4=0 dx dy
=−4
dt dt
y2-2x = 4x2 dy dy
= 4 when y = 5 & x = 1
dt dt
x2-y2= 100 dx dy
= -1 when y = 1 & x = 3
dt dt

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Level Up
Task 10
Give 5 examples each of implicit function and explicit function and briefly explain the
difference between the two functions.
Task 11
Consider the equation 4x2+3y+8x =0
 Express y in terms of x.
dy
 Find using explicit function.
dx
dy
 Find using implicit differentiation.
dx
dy
 Compare in explicit and implicit differentiation. Are they equal?
dx
Task 12: Solve the problem using the steps in solving related rates
Water is pouring into an inverted cone at the rate of 8 cubic meters per minute. The
height of the cone is 12 meters and the radius of its base is 6 meters.
 Draw an appropriate illustration of the problem
 Identify the quantities that change with respect to time, and represent with
variables.
 Write an equation that relates the quantities of interest.
 Differentiate both sides with respect to time t
 How fast is the water level rising when the water is 4-m deep?

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