TARKA-SAṄGRAHAḤ

Editions used

Abbreviation Source
ka Ācārya Kedarnāth Tripāṭhī. Motilal
Banarsidass. 1985 AC

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 TARKA-SAṄGRAHAḤ

tarka-saṅgrahaḥ
śrī-annambhaṭṭa-saṅgṛhītaḥ

maṅgalācaraṇam

nidhāya hṛdi viśveśaṁ vidhāya guru-vandanam |

bālānāṁ sukha-bodhāya kriyate tarka-saṅgrahaḥ ||*||

dīpikā :
viśveśvaraṁ sāmba-mūrtiṁ praṇipatya giraṁ gurum |
ṭīkāṁ śiśu-hitāṁ kurve tarka-saṅgraha-dīpikām ||

cikīrṣitasya granthasya nirvighna-parisamāpty-arthaṁ śiṣṭācārānumita-śruti-bodhita-

kartavyatākm iṣṭa-devatā-amaskā-lakṣaṇaṁ maṅgalaṁ śiṣya-śikṣārthaṁ nibandhaś cikīrṣitaṁ
granthādau pratijānīte—nidhāyeti |

nanu maṅgalasya samāpti-sādhanatvaṁ nāsti, maṅgale kṛte'pi kiraṇāvaly-ādau samāpty-adarśanāt

| maṅgalābhāve'pi kādambaryādau samāpti-darśanād anvaya-vyatireka-vyabhicārād iti cet, na,
kiraṇāvaly-ādau vighna-bāhulyāt samāpty-abhāvaḥ | kādambaryādau tu granthād bahir eva
maṅgalaṁ kṛta-mato na vyabhicāraḥ ||

nanu maṅgalasya kartavyatve kiṁ pramāṇam ? iti cet, na, śiṣṭācārānumita-śruter eva pramāṇatvāt
| tathā hi—maṅgalaṁ veda-bodhaka-kartavyatākam, alaukika-vigīta-śiṣṭācāra-viṣayatvāt,
darśādivat | bhojanādau vyabhicāra-vāraṇāya alaukiketi | rātri-śraddhādau vyabhicāra-vāraṇāya
avigīteti | śiṣṭa-padaṁ spaṣṭārtham | na kuryān niṣphalaṁ karma iti jala-tāḍanāder api
niṣiddhatvād iti |

tarka-saṅgraha iti | tarkyante pratipādyante iti tarkāḥ | dravyādi-sapta-padārthāḥ, teṣāṁ saṅgrahaḥ

saṅkṣepeṇa svarūpa-kathanaṁ kriyate ity arthaḥ | kasmai prayojanāyety ata āha—sukha-
bodhāyeti | sukhenānāyāsena bodhaḥ, padārtha-jñānaṁ tasmā ity arthaḥ |

nanu bahuṣu tarka-grantheṣu satsu kim-artham apūrva-granthaḥ kriyate ? ity ata āha—bālānām
iti | teṣām ativistṛtatvād bālānāṁ bodho na bhavatīty arthaḥ | grahaṇa-dhāraṇa-paṭur bālaḥ, na tu
stanandhayaḥ |

kiṁ kṛtvā kriyate ? ity ata āha—nidhāyeti | viśveśaṁ jagan-niyantāraṁ śivaṁ hṛdi nidhāya
nitarāṁ sthāpayitvā, sarvadā tad-dhyāna-paro bhūtety arthaḥ | gurūṇāṁ vidyā-gurūṇāṁ
vandanaṁ namaskāraṁ vidhāya kṛtvety arthaḥ ||*||

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 TARKA-SAṄGRAHAḤ

nyāya-bodhinī :
akhilāgama-sañcāri śrī-kṛṣṇākhyaṁ paraṁ mahaḥ |
dhyātvā govardhana-sudhīs tanute nyāya-bodhinīm ||

cikīrṣitasya granthasya nirvighna-parisamāpty-artham iṣṭa-devatā-namaskārātmakaṁ maṅgalaṁ

śiṣya-śikṣārthaṁ granthādau nibadhnāti—nidhāyeti ||*||

uddeśa-prakaraṇam

dravya-guṇa-karma-sāmānya-viśeṣa-samavāyābhāvāḥ
sapta padārthāḥ ||1||

dīpikā : padārthān vibhajate—dravyeti | padasyārthaḥ padārtha iti vyutpattyābhidheyatvaṁ

padārtha-sāmānya-lakṣaṇaṁ labhyate | nanv atra vibhāgād eva saptatve siddhe sapta-grahaṇaṁ
vyartham iti cen na | nyūnādhika-saṅkhyā-vyavacchedārthatvāt | nanv atirktaḥ padārthaḥ pramito
na vā | nādyaḥ pramitasya niṣedhāyogāt | nāntyaḥ pratiyogi-pramitiṁ vinā niṣedhānupapatter iti
cen na |

padārthatvaṁ dravyādi-saptānyatamatva-vyāpyam iti vyavacchedārthatvāt | nanu

saptānyatamatvaṁ sapta-bhinna-bhinnatvam iti vaktavyam | evaṁ ca sapta-
bhinnasyāprasiddhatvam iti vaktavyam | evaṁ ca sapta-bhinnasyāprasiddhatvāt
saptānyatamatvaṁ katham iti cen na | dravyādi saptānyatamatvaṁ dravyādi-bheda-
saptakābhāvavattvam ity uktatvāt | evam agre'pi vaktavyam ||1||

nyāya-bodhinī : atha padārthān vibhajate—dravyeti | tatra sapta-grahaṇaṁ padārthatvaṁ

dravyādi-saptānyatamatva-vyāpyam iti vyāpti-lābhāya ||

nanu śakti-padārthasyāṣṭamasya sattvāt kathaṁ saptaiveti ? tathā hi—vahni-saṁyuktendhanādau

saty api maṇi-saṁyoge dāho na jāyate, tac-chūnyena tu jāyate | ato maṇi-samavadhāne śaktir
naśyati, maṇy-abhāva-daśāyāṁ dāhānukūlā śaktir utpadyate iti kalpyate | tasmāc chaktir atiriktaḥ
padārtha iti cet, na, maṇeḥ pratibandhakatvena maṇy-abhāvasya kāraṇatvenaiva nirvāhe maṇi-
samavadhānāsamavadhānābhyām ananta-śakti-tad-dhvaṁsa-tat-prāg-abhāva-kalpanāyā
anyāyyatvāt | tasmāt saptaiveti siddham ||1||

—o)0(o—

tatra dravyāṇi pṛthivy-ap-tejo-vāyv-ākāśa-kāla-dig-ātma-

manāṁsi navaiva ||2||

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dīpikā : dravyaṁ vibhajati—tatreti | tatra dravyādi-madhye dravyāṇi naivety anvayaḥ | kāni ca

tāni ? ity ata āha—pṛthivīty-ādi | nanu tamaso daśama-dravyasya vidyamānatvāt kathaṁ navaiva
dravyāṇi ? tathā hi, nīlaṁ tamaś calati ity abādhita-pratīti-balān nīla-rūpādhāratayā
kriyādhāratayā ca dravyatvaṁ tāvat siddham | tatra tamaso nākāśādi-pañcake'ntar-bhāvaḥ,
rūpavattvāt | ata eva na vāyau sparśābhāvāt sadā-gatimattvābhāvāc ca | nāpi tejasi, bhāsvara-
rūpābhāvād uṣṇa-sparśābhāvāc ca | nāpi jale, śīta-sparśābhāvān nīla-rūpāśrayatvāc ca | nāpi
pṛthivyāṁ, gandhavattvābhāvāt sparśa-rahitatvāc ca | tasmāt tamo daśama-dravyam iti cet, na,
tamas tejo'bhāva-rūpatvāt | tathā hi, tamo hi na rūpavad dravyam ālokāsahakṛta-cakṣur-
grāhyatvād ālokābhāvavat, rūpi-dravya-cākṣuṣa-pramāyām ālokasya kāraṇatvāt | tasmāt prauḍha-
prakāśa-tejaḥ-sāmānyābhāvas tamaḥ | tatra nīlaṁ tamaś calati iti pratyayo bhramaḥ | ato nava
dravyāṇīti siddham ||2||

nyāya-bodhinī : dravyāṇi vibhajate—pṛthivīti | nanv andhakārasya daśama-dravyasya sattvāt

kathaṁ navaiva ? iti | tathā hi, nīlaṁ tamaś calati iti pratīter nīla-rūpāśrayatvena kriyāśrayatvena
dravyatvaṁ siddham, na ca klṛpta-dravyeṣv antarbhāvāt kuto daśama-dravyatvam iti vācyam |
tamaso rūpavattvāt ākāśādi-pañcakasya vāyoś ca nīrūpatvān na teṣv antarbhāvaḥ | tamaso
nirgandhatvān na pṛthivyām antarbhāvaḥ | jala-tejasoḥ śītoṣṇa-sparśavattvān na tayor
antarbhāvaḥ | tasmāt tamaso daśama-dravyatvam siddham iti cet, na, tejo'bhāva-
rūpatvenaivopapattāv atirikta-tat-kalpanāyāṁ mānābhāvāt |

na ca vinigamanāvirahāt teja eva tamo'bhāva-svarūpam astv iti vācyam, tejaso'bhāva-svarūpatve

sarvānubhūtoṣṇa-sparśāśraya-dravyāntara-kalpane gauravāt | tasmād uṣṇa-sparśa-guṇāśrayatayā
tejaso dravyatvaṁ siddham | tamasi nīlatvādi-pratītis tu bhrāntir eva, dīpāpasaraṇa-kriyāyā eva
tatra bhāvāt ||2||

—o)0(o—

rūpa-rasa-gandha-sparśa-saṅkhyā-parimāṇa-pṛthaktva-saṁyoga-
vibhāga-paratvāparatva-gurutva-dravatva-sneha-śabda-buddhi-
sukha-duḥkhecchā-dveṣa-prayatna-dharmādharma-saṁskārāś
caturviṁśati guṇāḥ ||3||

dīpikā : guṇaṁ vibhajate—rūpeti | dravya-karma-bhinnatve sati sāmānyavān guṇaḥ, guṇatva-

jātivān vā | laghutva-mṛdṛtva-kaṭhinatvādīnāṁ vidyamānatvāt kathaṁ caturviṁśati guṇā iti cet,
na, laghutvasya gurutvābhāva-rūpatvān mṛdutva-kaṭhinatvayor avayava-saṁyoga-viśeṣa-rūpatvāt
||3||

nyāya-bodhinī : guṇān vibhajate—rūpa-raseti | rūpaṁ ca rasaś ca gandhaś ca sparśaś ca saṅkhyā

ca parimāṇaṁ ca pṛthaktvaṁ ca saṁyogaś ca vibhāgaś ca paratvaṁ ca aparatvaṁ ca gurutvaṁ ca
dravatvaṁ ca snehaś ca śabdaś ca buddhiś ca sukhaṁ ca duḥkhaṁ ca icchā ca dveṣaś ca

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prayatnaś ca dharmaś cādharmaś ca saṁskārāś ca teṣām itaretara-yoga-dvandvaḥ | teṣāṁ bheda-

vyavahārād rūpāṇi ca, rasāś ca gandhau cety api vigrahaḥ, kartuṁ śakyate | rūpaṁ, rasaḥ,
gandhaḥ, sparśaḥ, saṅkhyā, parimāṇaṁ, pṛthaktvaṁ, saṁyogaḥ, vibhāgaḥ, paratvam, aparatvaṁ,
gurutvaṁ, dravatvaṁ, snehaḥ, śabdaḥ, buddhiḥ, sukhaṁ, duḥkhaṁ, icchā, dveṣaḥ, prayatnaḥ,
dharmaḥ, adharmaḥ, saṁskāraḥ—ete evaṁ caturviṁśati-saṅkhyakā guṇāḥ ity arthaḥ |

dravya-karma-bhinnatve sati sāmānyavattvam iti guṇa-lakṣaṇam | guṇatva-jātimattvaṁ vā

guṇasya lakṣaṇam | ete sarve guṇāḥ samavāya-sambandhena [nitya-sambandhena] dravya-mātre
vartante | atra saṅkhyā-parimāṇa-pṛthaktva-saṁyoga-vibhāgāḥ sarva-dravya-vṛttayaḥ |
paratvāparatve mūrta-dravyeṣu sarveṣu vartete, na tu vibhuṣu ity ādi jñeyam | adhikam agre mūle
eva sphuṭībhaviṣyati ||3||

—o)0(o—

utkṣepaṇāpekṣepaṇākuñcana-prasāraṇa-gamanāni
pañca karmāṇi ||4||

dīpikā : karma vibhajate—utkṣepeṇeti | saṁyoga-bhinnatve sati saṁyogāsamavāyi-kāraṇaṁ

karma | karmatva-jātimad vā | bhramaṇādīnām api gamane'ntar-bhāvāt | na pañcavidhatva-
virodhaḥ ||4||

nyāya-bodhinī : na vyākhyātam

param aparaṁ ceti dvividhaṁ sāmānyam ||5||

dīpikā : sāmānyaṁ vibhajate—pareti | param adhika-deśa-vṛtti | aparaṁ nyūna-deśa-vṛttiḥ |

sāmānyādi-catuṣṭaye jātir nāsti ||6||

nyāya-bodhinī : na vyākhyātam

nitya-dravya-vṛttayo viśeṣās tv anantā eva ||6||

dīpikā : viśeṣaṁ vibhajate—nityeti | pṛthivy-ādi-catuṣṭayasya paramāṇava ākāśādi-pañcakaṁ ca

nitya-dravyāṇi ||6||

nyāya-bodhinī : na vyākhyātam

samavāyas tv eka eva ||7||

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dīpikā : samavāyasya bhedo nāstīty āha—samavāyas tv iti ||7||

nyāya-bodhinī : na vyākhyātam

abhāvaś caturvidhaḥ—prāg-abhāvaḥ,
pradhvaṁsābhāvo'tyantābhāvo'nyonyābhāvaś ceti ||8||

dīpikā : abhāvaṁ vibhajate—abhāveti ||8||

nyāya-bodhinī : na vyākhyātam

(2)

atha lakṣaṇa-prakaraṇam

tatra gandhavatī pṛthivī |

sā dvividhā—nityā anityā ca |
nityā paramāṇu-rūpā, anityā kārya-rūpā |
punas trividhāḥ śarīrendriya-viṣaya-bhedāt—
śarīram asmad-ādīnām,
indriyaṁ gandha-grāhakaṁ ghrāṇaṁ nāsāgra-varti,
viṣayo mṛt-pāṣāṇādiḥ ||9||

dīpikā : tatroddeśādi-kramānusārāt pṛthivyā lakṣaṇam āha—tatreti | nāmnā padārtha-saṅkīrtanam

uddeśaḥ | uddeśa-krame ca sarvatrecchaiva niyāmikā | nanu surabhy-asurabhy-avayavārabdhe
dravye paraspara-virodhena gandhānutpādādavyāptiḥ | na ca tatra gandha-pratīty-anupapattir iti
vācyam | avayava-gandhasyaiva tatra pratīti-saṁbhavena citra-gandhānaṅgīkārāt || kiṁ ca,
utpanna-vinaṣṭa-ghaṭādāv avyāptir iti cen, na, gandha-samānādhikaraṇa-dravyatvāpara-
jātimattvasyaiva vivakṣitatvāt |

nanu jalādāv api gandha-pratīter ativyāptir iti cen, na, anvaya-vyatirekābhyāṁ pṛthivī-
gandhasyaiva, tatra saṁyukta-samavāyena bhānāṅgīkārāt | nanu tathā hi kālasya sarvādhāratayā
sarveṣāṁ lakṣaṇānāṁ kāle'tivyāptir iti cen, na, sarvādhāratā-prayojaka-sambandha-bhinna-
sambandhena lakṣaṇatvasyābhimatatvāt |

pṛthivīṁ vibhajate—sā dvividheti | nityatvaṁ dhvaṁsāpratiyogitvam | dhvaṁsa-pratiyogitvam

anityatvam | prakārāntareṇa vibhajate—sā punar iti | ātmano bhogāyatanaṁ śarīram | yad
avacchinnātmani bhogo jāyate tad bhogāyatanam | tad eva śarīram | sukha-duḥkha-sākṣātkāro

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 TARKA-SAṄGRAHAḤ

bhogaḥ | śabdetarodbhūta-viśeṣa-guṇānāśrayatve sati jñāna-kāraṇa-manaḥ-saṁyogāśrayatvam

indriyatvam | śarīrendriya-bhinno viṣayaḥ | evaṁ ca gandhavac charīraṁ pārthiva-śarīram |
gandhavad indriyaṁ pārthivendriyam | gandhavān viṣayaḥ pārthiva-viṣaya iti | tal-lakṣaṇaṁ
bodhyam | pārthiva-śarīraṁ darśayati—śarīram iti | indriyaṁ darśayati—indriyam iti | gandha-
grāhakam iti prayojana-kathanam | ghrāṇam iti saṁjñā | nāsāgrety āśrayoktiḥ | evam uttarāpi
jñeyam | pārthiva-viṣayaṁ darśayati—viṣayeti ||9||

nyāya-bodhinī : gandhavatīti | gandhavattvaṁ pṛthivyā lakṣaṇam | lakṣyā pṛthivī | pṛthivītvaṁ

lakṣyatāvacchedakam | yad dharmāvacchinnaṁ lakṣyatā, sa dharmo lakṣyatāvacchedakaḥ | yo
dharmo yasyāvacchedakaḥ, sa tad-dharmāvacchinnaḥ | tathā ca lakṣyatāvacchedakaṁ
pṛthivītvaṁ cel lakṣyatā pṛthivītvāvacchinnā | gandha-samānādhikaraṇa-dravyatva-vyāpya-
jātimattvaṁ pṛthivyā lakṣaṇam | evaṁ śīta-sparśavattvādi-lakṣaṇeṣu jalādīnāṁ lakṣyatā,
jalatvādīnāṁ lakṣyatāvacchedakatvaṁ ca bodhyam ||9||

śrīnivāsa-mukhollāsinī : samprati uddeśa-prakaraṇaṁ samāpya lakṣaṇa-prakaraṇam ārabhyate |

tatra saptasu padārtheṣu dravyaṁ prathamaḥ padārthaḥ | tatrāpi prathamaṁ dravyaṁ pṛthivī | ataḥ
krama-prāptāyāḥ pṛthivyāḥ prathamaṁ lakṣaṇam āha—tatra gandhavatī pṛthivī iti | asādhāraṇa-
dharmo lakṣaṇam | tac ca avyāpty-ativyāpty-asambhava-doṣa-rahitaṁ vivakṣita-vastuna eva
anugamakaṁ jñāpakaṁ yad rūpaṁ tal lakṣaṇātmam ity uktaṁ hi | sa eva dharmo lakṣaṇaṁ
bhavitum arhati, yo hi lakṣye sarvatra bhavati, anyatra ca na bhavati | lakṣaṇasya phalaṁ prāyaśa
itara-vṛttir ity apy uktam | yasya lakṣaṇaṁ kriyate tal-lakṣyaṁ bhavati | atra pṛthivyā lakṣaṇaṁ
kriyamāṇaṁ vartate | ataḥ pṛthivī lakṣyā vartate | samprati lakṣya-bhūtāyāḥ pṛthivyā
anugamakaṁ jalādibhyo vyāvartakaṁ rūpaṁ kim ? iti āṇāṁāyāṁ mūla-kāra āha—tatra
gandhavatī pṛthivīti | tatra pṛthivy-ādiṣu madhye, gandhavatī samavāyena gandhavatī pṛthivī asti |
gandho'syā astīti gandhavatī | gandho'syām astīti vā | gandha-śabdāt tad asyāstyann iti sūtreṇa
matup-pratyayaḥ | ma-kārasya va-kārādeśaḥ strītvān ṅīp

śīta-sparśavatya āpaḥ |
tāś ca dvividhāḥ—nityā anityāś ca |
nityā paramāṇu-rūpāḥ, anityāḥ kārya-rūpāḥ |
tā punas trividhāḥ śarīrendriya-viṣaya-bhedāt—
śarīram varuṇa-loke,
indriyaṁ rasa-grāhakaṁ rasanaṁ jihvāgra-varti,
viṣayaḥ sarit-samudrādiḥ ||10||

dīpikā : apāṁ lakṣaṇam āha—śīteti | utpanna-vinaṣṭa-jale'vyāpti-vāraṇāya śīta-sparśa-

samānādhikaraṇa-dravyatvāpara-jātimattve tātparyam | śītaṁ śilātalam ity ādau jala-sambandhād
eva śīta-sparśa-bhānam iti nātivyāptiḥ | anyat sarvaṁ pūrva-rītyā vyākhyeyam ||10||

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 TARKA-SAṄGRAHAḤ

uṣṇā-sparśavat tejaḥ |
tac ca dvividhaṁ—nityam anityaṁ ca |
nityaṁ paramāṇu-rūpam | anityaṁ kārya-rūpam |
punas trividhaṁ śarīrendriya-viṣaya-bhedāt |
śarīram āditya-loke prasiddham |
indriyaṁ rūpa-grāhakaṁ cakṣuḥ kṛṣṇa-tārāgravarti |
viṣayaś caturvidhaḥ—bhauma-divyodaryākaraja-bhedāt |
bhaumaṁ vahny-ādikam, abindhanaṁ divyaṁ vidyud-ādi,
bhuktasya pariṇāma-hetur udaryam, ākarajaṁ suvarṇādi ||11||

dīpikā : tejaso lakṣaṇam āha—uṣṇeti | uṣṇaṁ jalam iti pratītes tejaḥ sambandhānuvidhāyitvān
nātivyāptiḥ | viṣayaṁ vibhajate—bhaumeti | nanu savarṇaṁ pārthivaṁ pītatvād gurutvād
dharidrādivad iti cen, na, atyantānala-saṁyoge sati ghṛtādau dravatva-nāśa-darśanena jala-
madhya-stha-ghṛte dravatva-nāśādarśanenāsati pratibandhake pārthiva-dravya-dravatva-nāśāgni-
saṁyogayoḥ kārya-kāraṇa-bhāvāvadhāraṇāt suvarṇasyātyantānala-saṁyoge
satyanucchidyamāna-dravatvādhikaraṇatvena ghṛtavat pārthivatvānupapatteḥ | tasmāt pīta-
dravya-dravatva-nāśa-pratibandhakatayā drava-dravyāntara-siddhau naimittika-
dravatvādhikaraṇatayā jalatvānupapatteḥ | rūpavattayā vāyv-ādiṣv anantarbhāvāt taijasatva-
siddhiḥ | tatroṣṇa-sparśa-bhāsvara-rūpayor upaṣṭambhaka-pārthiva-rūpa-sparśābhyāṁ
pratibandhād anupalabdhiḥ | tasmāt suvarṇaṁ taijasam iti siddham ||11||

rūpa-rahita-sparśavān vāyuḥ |
sa dvividho—nityo'nityaś ca |
nityaḥ paramāṇu-rūpaḥ | anityaḥ kārya-rūpaḥ |
punas trividhaḥ śarīrendriya-viṣaya-bhedāt |
śarīram vāyu-loke |
indriyaṁ sparśa-grāhakaṁ tvak sarva-śarīra-varti |
viṣayo vṛkṣādi-kampana-hetuḥ ||12||

dīpikā : vāyuṁ lakṣayati—rūpeti | ākāśādāv ativyāpti-vāraṇāya sparśavān iti | pṛthivy-ādāv

ativyāpti-vāraṇāya rūpa-rahita iti ||12||

nyāya-bodhinī : evaṁ pṛthivy-ādi-trikaṁ nirūpya vāyuṁ nirūpayati—rūpa-rahita iti | rūpa-

rahitatve sati sparśavattvaṁ vāyor lakṣaṇam | sati-saptamyā viśiṣṭārthakatayā rūpa-rahitatva-
viśiṣṭa-sparśavattvaṁ1 vāyor lakṣaṇam | viśeṣaṇāṁśānupādāne sparśavattva-mātrasya lakṣaṇatve

1 sāmānādhirakaṇya-sambandhena rūpatvāvacchinna-pratiyogitākābhāva-viśiṣṭa-sparśavattva iti ka-pustake

Page 8 of 26
 TARKA-SAṄGRAHAḤ

pṛthivy-ādi-trike'tivyāptiḥ, tad-vāraṇāya viśeṣaṇopādānam | tāvan-mātropādāne ākāśādāv

ativyāptiḥ, tad-vāraṇāya viśeṣyopādānam |

ativyāptir nāma alakṣye lakṣaṇa-sattvam | yathā, goḥ śṛṅgitvaṁ lakṣaṇaṁ kṛtaṁ cet, lakṣya-
bhūta-go-bhinna-mahiṣyādāv ativyāptiḥ | tatrāpi śṛṅgitvasya vidyamānatvāt | avyāptir nāma
lakṣyaika-deśāvṛttitvam | lakṣyaika-deśe lakṣyatāvacchedakāśraya-bhūte kvacil lakṣye
lakṣaṇāsattvam avyāptir ity arthaḥ | yathā, gor nīla-rūpavattvaṁ lakṣaṇaṁ kṛtaṁ cel
lakṣyatāvacchedakāśrayī-bhūta-śvetagavi avyāptis tatra nīla-rūpābhāvāt | asambhavo nāma
lakṣya-mātre kutrāpi lakṣaṇāsattvam | yathā gor eka-śaphavattvaṁ [lakṣaṇaṁ kṛtaṁ cet] go-
sāmānyasya dviśaphavattvena eka-śaphavattvasya kutrāpy asattvāt |

ativyāpty-avyāpty-asambhavānāṁ niṣkṛṣṭa-lakṣaṇāni lakṣyatāvacchedaka-sāmānādhikaraṇye sati

lakṣyatāvacchedakāvacchinna-pratiyogitāka-bheda-sāmānādhikaraṇyam ativyāptiḥ | avyāptitas tu
lakṣyatāvacchedaka-samānādhikaraṇātyantābhāva-pratiyogitvam | asambhavas tu
lakṣyatāvacchedaka-vyāpakī-bhūtābhāva-pratiyogitvam ||12||

śarīrāntaḥ-sañcārī vāyuḥ prāṇaḥ, sa caiko'py upādhi-bhedāt

prāṇāpāṇādi-saṁjñāṁ labhate ||13||

dīpikā : nanu prāṇasya kutrāntar-bhāva ity ata āha—śarīreti | eka eva prāṇaḥ sthāna-bhedāt
prāṇāpānādi-śabdair vyavahriyata ity arthaḥ | sparśānumeyo vāyuḥ | tathā hi—yo'yaṁ vāyau vāti
saty anuṣṇāśīta-sparśo bhāsate, sa sparśaḥ | kvacid āśrito guṇatvād rūpavat | na cāsya pṛthivy-
āśrayaḥ | udbhūta-sparśavat pārthivasyodbhūta-rūpavattva-niyamāt | na jala-tejasy anuṣṇāśītatvāt
| na vibhu-catuṣṭayaṁ sarvatropalabdhi-prasaṅgāt | na manaḥ paramāṇu-sparśasyātīndriyatvāt |
tasmād yaḥ pratīyamāna-sparśāśrayaḥ sa vāyuḥ | nanu vāyuḥ pratyakṣaḥ | pratyakṣa-
sparśāśrayatvād ghaṭavad iti cen, na | udbhūta-rūpavattvasyopādhitvāt | yatra dravyatve sati bahir
indriya-pratyakṣatvaṁ tatrodbhūta-rūpavattvam iti ghaṭādau sādhya-vyāpakatvam | pakṣe
sādhanāvyāpakatvam | na caivaṁ tapta-vāri-stha-tejaso'py apratyakṣatvāpattir iṣṭatvāt | tasmād
rūpa-rahitatvād vāyur apratyakṣaḥ | idānīṁ kārya-rūpa-pṛthivy-ādi-catuṣṭayasyotpatti-vināśa-
kramaḥ kathyate | īśvarasya cikīrṣā-vaśāt paramāṇuṣu kriyā jāyate | tataḥ paramāṇu-dvaya-
saṁyoge sati dvy-aṇukam utpadyate | tribhir dvy-aṇukais tryaṇukam | evaṁ catur-aṇukādi-
krameṇa mahatī pṛthivī mahatya āp mahat-tejo mahān vāyur utpadyate | evam utpannasya kārya-
dravyasya saṁjihīrṣāvaśāt kriyayā paramāṇu-dvaya-vibhāge sati dvy-aṇuka-nāśaḥ | samavāyi-
kāraṇa-nāśāt tryaṇuka-nāśaḥ | tataś caturaṇukasyety evaṁ pṛthivy-ādi-nāśaḥ | asamavāyi-kāraṇa-
nāśād dvyaṇuka-nāśaḥ | samavāyi-kāraṇa-nāśāt tryaṇuka-nāśa iti sampradāyaḥ |
sarvatrāsamavāyi-kāraṇa-nāśāt kārya-dravya-nāśa iti navīnāḥ | kiṁ punaḥ paramāṇu-sadbhāve
pramāṇam |

ucyate—jāla-sūrya-marīcisthaṁ sūkṣmatamaṁ yad raja upalabhyate tat-sāvayavam | cākṣuṣa-

dravyatvāt paṭavat | tryaṇukāvayavo'pi sāvayavo mahad-ārambhakatvāt tantuvat | yo dvy-

Page 9 of 26
 TARKA-SAṄGRAHAḤ

aṇukāvayavaḥ sa paramāṇuḥ | sa ca nityaḥ | kāryatve'navasthā-prasaṅgāt | tathā ca meru-

sarṣapayor api samāna-parimāṇatvāpattiḥ | sṛṣṭi-pralaya-sadbhāve kiṁ mānam ? dhātā yathā
pūrvam akalpayat [Ṛg X.190, 3] ity ādi-śrutiḥ pramāṇam | sarva-kārya-dravya-dhvaṁso'vāntara-
pralayaḥ | sarva-bhāva-kārya-dhvaṁso mahā-pralaya iti vivekāt ||13||

nyāya-bodhinī :

śabda-guṇakam ākāśam | tac caikaṁ vibhu nityaṁ ca ||14||

dīpikā : ākāśaṁ lakṣayati— śabda-guṇakam iti | nanv ākāśam api kiṁ pṛthivy-ādivan nānā ?
nety āha—tac caikam iti | bhede pramāṇābhāvād ity arthaḥ | ekatvād eva sarvatropalabdher
vibhutvam aṅgīkartavyam ity āha—vibhv iti | sarva-mūrta-dravya-sāmyogitvaṁ vibhutvam |
mūrtatvaṁ paricchinna-parimāṇavattvaṁ kriyāvattvaṁ vā | vibhutvād evātmavan nityam ity āha
—nityaṁ ceti ||14||

nyāya-bodhinī : ākāśaṁ lakṣayati— śabda-guṇakam iti | atra guṇa-padam ākāśe śabda eva
viśeṣa-guṇa iti dyotanāya, na tv ativyāpti-vāraṇāya, samavāyena śabdavattva-mātrasya
samyaktvāt | tac caikam iti | anekatve mānābhāvād iti bhāvaḥ | vibhv iti | sarva-mūrta-dravya-
saṁyogitvaṁ vibhutvam | mūrtatvaṁ ca kriyāvattvam | pṛthivy-ap-tejo-vāyu-manāṁsi mūrtāni |
pṛthivy-ap-tejo-vāyv-ākāśeti-pañcakaṁ bhūta-pada-vācyam | bhūtatvaṁ nāma bahir-indriya-
grāhya-viśeṣa-guṇavattvam ||14||

atītādi-vyavahāra-hetuḥ kālaḥ | sa caiko vibhur nityaś ca ||15||

dīpikā : kālaṁ lakṣayati—atīteti | sarvādhāraḥ kālaḥ sarva-kārya-nimitta-kāraṇaṁ ca ||15||

nyāya-bodhinī : kālaṁ lakṣayati—atīteti | vyavahāra-hetutvasya lakṣaṇatve ghaṭa iti vyavahāra-

hetu-bhūta-ghaṭādāv ativyāptiḥ, tad-vāraṇāya atītādīti-viśeṣaṇopādānam ||15||

prācyādi-vyavahāra-hetur dik | sā caikā vibhvī nityā ca ||16||

dīpikā : diśo lakṣaṇam āha—prācīti | dig api kārya-mātre nimitta-kāraṇam ||16||

nyāya-bodhinī : diśo lakṣaṇam āha—prācyeti | udayācala-saṁnihitā yā dik, sā prācī | astācala-

saṁnihitā yā dik sā pratīcī | meroḥ saṁnihitā yā dik sā ucīcī | meror vyavahitā yā dik, sā avācī ||
16||

Page 10 of 26
 TARKA-SAṄGRAHAḤ

jñānādhikaraṇam ātmā | sa dvividho jīvātmā paramātmā ceti |

tatreśvaraḥ sarvajñaḥ paramātmā eka eva | jīvas tu prati-śarīraṁ
bhinno vibhur nityaś ca ||17||

dīpikā : ātmano lakṣaṇam āha—jñāneti | ātmānaṁ vibhajate—sa dvividha iti | paramātmano

lakṣaṇam āha—tatreti | nitya-jñānādhikaraṇatvam īśvaratvam | nanv īśvarasya sad-bhāve kiṁ
pramāṇam ? na tāvat pratyakṣam, tad dhi bāhyam ābhyāntaraṁ vā ? nādyam, arūpi-dravyatvāt |
nāntyaṁ, ātma-sukhādi-vyatiriktatvāt | nāpy anumānaṁ liṅgābhāvāt | nāpy āgamaḥ,
tathāvidhāgamābhāvād iti cet, na, kṣity-aṅkurādikaṁ kartṛ-janyaṁ, kāryatvāt | ghaṭavad ity
anumānasya pramāṇatvāt | upādāna-gocarāparokṣa-jñāna-cikīrṣākṛtimattvaṁ kartṛtvam |
upādānaṁ samavāyi-kāraṇam | sakala-paramāṇv-ādi-sūkṣma-darśitvāt sarvajñatvam | yaḥ
sarvajñaḥ sa sarvavit ity-ādy-āgamo'pi tatra pramāṇam |

jīvasya lakṣaṇam āha—jīva iti | sukhādy-āśrayatvam | nanu manuṣyo'haṁ brāhmaṇo'ham ity ādau
sarvatrāhaṁ-pratyaye śarīrasyaiva viṣayatvāc charīram evātmeti cet, na, śarīrasyātmatve kara-
pādādi-nāśe sati śarīra-nāśād ātmano'pi nāśa-prasaṅgāt | nāpīndriyāṇām ātmatvam | tathātve
"yo'haṁ ghaṭam adrākṣam so'ham idānīṁ tvacā spṛśāmi" ity anusandhābhāva-prasaṅgād
anyānubhūte'nyasyānusandhānāyogāt | tasmād dehendriya-vyatirikto jīvaḥ | sukha-duḥkhādi-
vaicitryāt pratśarīraṁ bhinnaḥ | sa ca na paramāṇu-parimāṇaḥ, śarīra-vyāpi-sukhādy-
anupalabdhi-prasaṅgāt | na madhyama-parimāṇaḥ, tathā saty anityatva-prasaṅgena kṛta-
nāśākṛtābhyāgama-prasaṅgāt | tasmān nityo vibhur jīvaḥ ||17||

nyāya-bodhinī : ātmānaṁ nirūpayati—jñānādhikaraṇam iti | adhikaraṇa-padaṁ samavāyena

jñānāśrayatva-lābhārtham ||17||

kedāranātha-tripāṭhī: mūla-kṛtā kṛtam ātma-nirūpaṇaṁ—ātmānaṁ nirūpayati iti |

jñānādhikaraṇam itīti | atra jñānādhikaraṇam iti kathanenātmani pramāṇam api darśitaṁ bhavati
| tathā hi—guṇā guṇinām āśritya tiṣṭhantīty asti niyamaḥ | jñānam api guṇa evāsti | tasyāpy
avaśyaṁ kenacid āśrayeṇa bhavitavyam | tatra pṛthivy-ap-tejo-vāyv-ākāśa-kāla-diṅ-manasāṁ
jñānāśrayatvāsambhavena ātmaiva tad-adhikaraṇatvena niścīyate |

nanu jñānavān ātmety eva vaktavyaṁ lāghavāt, adhikaraṇa-padaṁ tu kim-arthaṁ dattam ? ity ata
āha—adhikaraṇa-padam iti | ayaṁ bhāvaḥ——padārthā hi vibhinna-sambandhena vibhinna-
sthāne tiṣṭhanti | sambandhās tāvat nyāya-naye saṁyoga-samavāya-kālika-svarūpākhyā mukhyāḥ
| tādātmya-viṣayitva-viṣayatvādayas tv amukhyāḥ | tatra saṁyoga-sambandhaḥ pṛthak-siddhayor
dravyayor eva bhavati | yathā ghaṭaḥ saṁyogena bhūtale vartata iti | samavāya-sambandhaś ca
guṇa-guṇinor avayavāvayinoḥ, kriyā-kriyāvatoḥ, jāti-jātimatoḥ, nitya-dravya-viśeṣayoś ca
bhavati |

Page 11 of 26
 TARKA-SAṄGRAHAḤ

guṇa-guṇinor yathā—nīla-rūpaṁ ghaṭe samavāyena vartate | avayavāvayinor yathā—ghaṭaḥ

kapolayoḥ, paṭaḥ tantuṣu samavāya-sambandhena vartate | kriyā-kriyāvator yathā—gamana-
kriyā vājini samavāyena vartate | jāti-jātimator yathā—ghaṭatvaṁ jātiḥ samavāyena ghaṭe'stīti |
evaṁ ṣaṣṭhaḥ padārtho viśeṣaḥ samavāyenaiva sambandhena nitya-dravyeṣu vartate | kālika-
sambandhena ghaṭādayaḥ kāle kālopādhiṣu ca vartate, kālasya sarvādhāratvāt | janya-padārthā
eva kālopādhayaḥ ucyante | kālopādhayaś ca kāla eveti jñeyam | yena sambandhābhāvo
bhūtalādau tiṣṭhati sa svarūpa-sambandhaḥ | tad-ātmano bhāvaḥ tādātmyam | tena sambandhena
ghaṭo ghaṭe eva vartate | tādātmyena sarvaṁ vastu svasmin sambaddhaṁ bhavati | jñānaṁ
viṣayatā-sambandhena viṣaye tiṣṭhati | viṣayaś ca viṣayitā-sambandhena jñāne tiṣṭhatīti | evaṁ
pradarśita-rītyā guṇa-guṇinoḥ samavāyāt jñānam ātmani samavāyena sambandhena sthāsyati |
tad eva ca jñānaṁ viṣayatā-sambandhena viṣaye vartate | tathā ca yady adhikaraṇa-padaṁ na
syāt kintu jñānavān ātmā ity eva kathyate, tadā viṣayatā-sambandhena ghaṭādi-viṣayasyāpi
jñānavattvāt tatrātma-lakṣaṇasyātivyāptiḥ syāt, ato'dhikaraṇa-padaṁ dattam | tathā ca tena
samavāya-sambandhena jñānāśrayatva-lābhāt samavāyena ātmany eva jñānasya sattvāt na ko'pi
doṣaḥ padam ādadhāti | upariṣṭād uktaḥ sambandha-vivekaḥ sadā smṛtau rakṣaṇīyo yena nāgre'pi
kāṭhinyam anubhūyeta ||17||

sukhādy-upalabdhi-sādhanam indriyaṁ manaḥ | tac ca

pratyātma-niyatatvād anantaṁ paramāṇu-rūpaṁ nityaṁ ca ||18||

dīpikā : manaso lakṣaṇam āha—sukheti | sparśa-rahitatve sati kriyāvattvaṁ manaso lakṣaṇam |

mano vibhajate—tac ceti | ekaikasyātmana ekaikaṁ mana āvaśyakam ity ātmano'naikatvān
manaso'py anekatvam ity arthaḥ | paramāṇu-rūpam iti | madhyama-parimāṇatve'nityatva-
prasaṅgād ity arthaḥ | nanu mano nāṇu, kintu vibhu, sparśa-rahita-tad-dravyatvād ākāśavad iti
cet, na, manaso vibhutva ātma-manaḥ-saṁyogasyāsamavāyi-kāraṇasyābhāvāj jñānānutpatti-
prasaṅgāt | na ca vibhu-dvaya-saṁyogo'stv iti vācyam, tat-saṁyogasya nityatvena suṣupty-
abhāva-prasaṅgāt | purīta-dvy-atirikta-pradeśa ātma-manaḥ-saṁyogasya sarvadā vidyamānatvāt |
aṇutve tu yadā manaḥ purītati nāḍyāṁ praviśati tadā suṣuptiḥ | yadā niḥsarati tadā jñānotpattir ity
aṇutva-siddhiḥ ||18||

nyāya-bodhinī : manaso lakṣaṇam āha—sukhādīti | upalabdhir nāma sākṣātkāraḥ | tathā ca

sukha-duḥkhādi-sākṣātkāra-kāraṇatve sati indriyatvaṁ manaso lakṣaṇam | indriyatva-mātroktau
cakṣur-ādāv ativyāptiḥ, ataḥ sukhādi-sākṣātkāra-kāraṇatva-viśeṣaṇam | viśeṣyānupādāne ātmany
ativyāptiḥ, ātmanaḥ sukhādikaṁ prati samavāyi-kāraṇatvam | ata indriyatva-rūpa-
viśeṣyopādānam ||18||

kedāranātha-tripāṭhī: mano-Laṁ VYtum ārabhate—niRY IAnā | sukhādy-upalabdhi-sādhanam

INf mana ity atropalabdhi-padena .Ṣa eva grahītavyo'nyathā |+++

Page 12 of 26
 TARKA-SAṄGRAHAḤ

atha guṇa-nirūpaṇam

cakṣur-mātra-grāhyo guṇo rūpam |

tac ca śukla-nīla-pīta-rakta-harit-kapiśa-citra-bhedāt sapta-
vidham | pṛthivī-jala-tejo-vṛtti | tatra pṛthivyāṁ sapta-vidham |
abhāsvara-śuklaṁ jale | bhāsvara-śuklaṁ tejasi ||19||

dīpikā : rūpaṁ lakṣayati—cakṣur iti | saṅkhyādāv ativyāpti-vāraṇāya mātra-padam |

rūpatve'tivyāpti-vāraṇāya guṇa-padam | prabhā-bhitti-saṁyoge'tivyāpti-vāraṇāya cakṣur-mātra-
grāhya-jātimattvaṁ vācyam |

rūpaṁ vibhajate—tac ceti | nanv avyāpya-vṛtti-nīlādi-samudāya eva citra-rūpam iti cet, na,
rūpasya vyāpya-vṛttitva-niyamāt | nanu citra-paṭe'vayava-rūpasya pratītir astv iti cet, na, rūpa-
rahitatvena paṭasyāpratyakṣatva-prasaṅgāt | na ca rūpavat samavetatvaṁ pratyakṣatva-
prayojakaṁ, gauravāt | tasmāt paṭasya pratyakṣatvānupapattyā citra-rūpa-siddhiḥ |
rūpasyāśrayam āha—pṛthivīti | āśrayaṁ vibhajya darśayati—tatreti ||19||

nyāya-bodhinī : rūpaṁ lakṣayati—cakṣur iti | cakṣur-mātra-grāhyatva-viśiṣṭa-guṇatvaṁ rūpasya

lakṣaṇam | viśeṣya-mātropādāne rasādāv ativyāptiḥ | ataś cakṣur-mātra-grāhyatvaṁ viśeṣaṇam |
tāvan-mātropādānaṁ rūpatve'tivyāptiḥ | yo guṇo yad indriya-grāhyas tan-niṣṭhā jātis tad indriya-
grāhyeti niyamāt | tad-vāraṇāya | cakṣur-mātra-grāhyatvaṁ nāma cakṣur-bhinnendriyāgrāhyatve
sati cakṣur-grāhyatvam | mātra-padānupādāne saṅkhyādi-sāmānya-guṇe'tivyāptiḥ | cakṣur-
grāhyatva-viśiṣṭa-guṇatvasya tatrāpi sattvāt, atas tad-vāraṇāya mātra-padam | saṅkhyādeś cakṣur-
bhinna-tvag-indriya-grāhyatvāc cakṣur-mātra-grāhyatvaṁ nāsti | atīndriya-gurutvādāv ativyāpti-
vāraṇāya cakṣur-grāhyeti | atra lakṣaṇe grāhyatvaṁ nāma pratyakṣa-viṣayatvam | agrāhyatvaṁ
nāma tad-aviṣayatvam | tathā ca cakṣur-bhinnendriya-janya-pratyakṣāviṣayatve sati cakṣur-janya-
pratyakṣa-viṣayatvam iti phalito'rthaḥ ||

nanu prabhā-ghaṭa-saṁyoge rūpa-lakṣaṇasyātivyāptiḥ, tasya cakṣur-mātra-grāhya-guṇatvāt ? iti

cen, na, guṇa-padasya viśeṣa-guṇa-paratvāt | na caivaṁ viśeṣa-guṇatva-ghaṭita-lakṣaṇe
saṅkhyādāv ativyāpty-abhāvān mātra-pada-vaiyarthyam iti vācyam, jala-mātra-vṛtti-
sāṁsiddhika-dravatvādāv ativyāpti-vāraṇāya tad-upādānāt |

athavā cakṣur-mātra-grāhya-jātimad-guṇatvasya lakṣaṇatvān na prabhā-ghaṭa-saṁyogādāv

ativyāptiḥ | saṁyogatva-jāteś cakṣur-mātra-grāhyatvābhāvāt | ghaṭa-paṭa-saṁyogasya tvag-
indriya-grāhyatvāt tad-gata-jāter api tvag-indriya-grāhyatvāt | yo guṇo yad indriya-grāhyas tan-
niṣṭha-jāter api tad indriya-grāhyatvāt | atra jāti-ghaṭita-lakṣaṇe guṇatvānupādāne cakṣur-mātra-
grāhya-jātim iti suvarṇādāv ativyāptir atas tad-vāraṇāya tad-upādānam | evaṁ rasādi-lakṣaṇe

Page 13 of 26
 TARKA-SAṄGRAHAḤ

viśeṣaṇānupādāne lakṣya-bhinna-guṇādāv ativyāptiḥ | viśeṣyānupādāne lakṣya-mātra-vṛtti-

rasatva-gandhatvādāv ativyāptiḥ | ato viśeṣaṇa-viśeṣyayor ubhayor upādānam ||19||

kedāranātha-tripāṭhī :

rasanā-grāhyo guṇo rasaḥ |

sa ca madhurāmla-lavaṇa-kaṭu-kaṣāya-tikta-bhedāt ṣaḍ-vidhaḥ |
pṛthivī-jala-vṛttiḥ | tatra pṛthivyāṁ ṣaḍ-vidhaḥ, jale madhura eva
||20||

dīpikā : rasaṁ lakṣayati—rasaneti | rasatve'tivyāpti-parihārāya guṇa-padam | rasasyāśrayam āha

—pṛthivīti | āśrayaṁ vibhajya darśayati—pṛthivyām iti ||20||

ghrāṇa-grāhyo guṇo gandhaḥ | sa dvividhaḥ—surabhir asurabhiś

ca | pṛthivī-mātra-vṛttiḥ || 21||

dīpikā : gandhaṁ lakṣayati—ghrāṇeti | gandhatve'tivyāpti-vāraṇāya guṇa-padam ||21||

tvag-indriya-mātra-grāhyo guṇo sparśaḥ | sa ca trividhaḥ |

śītoṣṇānuṣṇāśīta-bhedāt | pṛthivy-ap-tejo-vāyu-vṛttiḥ | tatra śīto
jale, uṣṇas tejasi, anuṣṇāśītaḥ pṛthivī-vāyvoḥ ||22||

dīpikā : sparśaṁ lakṣayati—tvag iti | sparśatve'tivyāpti-vāraṇāya guṇa-padam | saṁyogādāv

ativyāpti-vāraṇāya mātra-padam ||22||

nyāya-bodhinī : sparśaṁ lakṣayati—tvag-indriya-grāhya iti | atrāpi mātra-padam saṅkhyādi-

sāmānya-guṇādāv ativyāpti-vāraṇāya | anya-viśeṣaṇa-kṛtyaṁ pūrvavad bodhyam | grāhyatva-
padārtho'pi pūrvavad eva pratyakṣa-viṣayatva-rūpa eva bodhyaḥ ||22||

rūpādi-catuṣṭayaṁ pṛthivyāṁ pākajam anityaṁ ca |

anyatrāpākajaṁ nityam anityaṁ ca | nitya-gataṁ nityam | anitya-
gatam anityam ||23||

dīpikā : pākajam iti |

nyāya-bodhinī : +++

Page 14 of 26
 TARKA-SAṄGRAHAḤ

ekatvādi-vyavahāra-hetuḥ saṅkhyā | sā nava-dravya-vṛttiḥ |

ekatvādi-parārdha-paryantā | ekatvaṁ nityam anityaṁ ca | nitya-
gataṁ nityam | anitya-gatam anityam | dvitvādikaṁ tu
sarvatrānityam eva ||24||

dīpikā : saṅkhyāṁ lakṣayati–ekatva iti ||24||

nyāya-bodhinī : na vyākhyātam

māna-vyavahārāsādhāraṇa-kāraṇam pṛthaktvam | sarva-dravya-

vṛtti | tac caturvidham aṇu mahad dīrghaṁ hrasvaṁ ceti ||25||

dīpikā : parimāṇaṁ lakṣayati–māna iti | parimāṇaṁ vibhajate–tad iti ||25||

nyāya-bodhinī : na vyākhyātam

prthag-vyavahārāsādhāraṇa-kāraṇaṁ pṛthaktvam | sarvadravyavṛtti ||

26||
dīpika : pṛthaktvam lakṣayati–pṛthak iti | idam asmāt pṛthag iti vyavahāra-kāraṇam ity-arthaḥ
||26||
nyāya-bodhinī : na vyākhyātam

saṁyukta-vyavahāra-hetuḥ saṁyogaḥ | sarva-dravya-vṛttiḥ ||27||

dīpikā :

nyāya-bodhinī : na vyākhyātam

saṁyoga-nāśaka-guṇo vibhāgaḥ | sarva-dravya-vṛttiḥ ||28||

dīpikā :

nyāya-bodhinī : vibhāgam lakṣayati–saṁyoga iti | saṁyoga-nāśakatva-viśiṣṭa-gūnatvaṁ

vibhāgasya lakṣaṇam | viśeṣaṇa-mātra-upādāne kriyāyā api saṁyoga-nāśakatvāt tatra ativyāptiḥ,
tad-vāraṇāya guṇatvam iti viśeṣya-upādānam ||28||

Page 15 of 26
 TARKA-SAṄGRAHAḤ

parāpara-vyavahārāsādhāraṇa-kāraṇe paratvāparatve | pūrvvy-

ādi-catuṣṭaya-mano-vṛttinī | te dvividhe—dik-kṛte kāla-kṛte ceti |
dūrasthe dik-kṛtaṁ paratvaṁ, samīpa-sthe dik-kṛtam aparatvam
| jyeṣṭhe kāla-kṛtaṁ paratvaṁ, kaniṣṭhaṁ kāla-kṛtam aparatvam
||29||

dīpikā :

nyāya-bodhinī :

ādya-patanāsamavāyi-kāraṇaṁ gurutvam | pṛthivī-jala-vṛtti ||30||

dīpikā :

nyāya-bodhinī :

ādya-syandanāsamavāyi-kāraṇaṁ dravatvam |
pṛthivy-ap-tejo-vṛtti |
tad dvividham—sāṁsiddhikaṁ naimittikaṁ ca |
sāṁsiddhikaṁ jale, naimittikaṁ pṛthivī-tejasoḥ |
pṛthivyāṁ ghṛtādāv agni-saṁyogajaṁ dravatvaṁ, tejasi
suvarṇādau ||31||

dīpikā : dravatvaṁ lakṣayati—ādya-syandaneti | syandanaṁ sravaṇam | tejaḥ-saṁyoga-janyaṁ

naimittika-dravatvam | tad-bhinnaṁ sāṁsiddhika-dravatvam | pṛthivyāṁ naimittika-dravatvam
udāharati—ghṛtādāv iti | tejasi tad āha—suvarṇādāv iti ||31|

cūrṇādi-piṇḍī-bhāva-hetur guṇaḥ snehaḥ | jala-mātra-vṛttiḥ ||32||

dīpikā : snehaṁ lakṣayati—cūrṇeti | kālādāv ativyāpti-vārānāya guṇa iti | rūpādāv ativyāpti-

vāraṇāya cūrṇādīti ||32||

nyāya-bodhinī : snehaṁ lakṣayati—cūrṇādīti | cūrṇādi-piṇḍī-bhāva-hetutve sati guṇatvaṁ

snehasya lakṣaṇam | piṇḍī-bhāvo nāma cūrṇāder dhāraṇā''karṣaṇa-hetu-bhūto vilakṣaṇaḥ
saṁyogaḥ | tādṛśa-saṁyoge snehasyaivāsādhāraṇākāraṇatvaṁ, na tu jalādi-gata-dravatvasya |
tathā sati druta-suvarṇādi-saṁyogena cūrṇādeḥ piṇḍī-bhāvāpatter ataḥ sneha evāsādhāraṇaṁ
kāraṇam | viśeṣaṇa-mātropādāne kālādāv ativyāptir atas tad-vāraṇāya viśeṣyopādānam | vastutas

Page 16 of 26
 TARKA-SAṄGRAHAḤ

tu druta-jala-saṁyogasyaiva piṇḍī-bhāva-hetutvaṁ, snehasya piṇḍī-bhāva-hetutve mānābhāvāt |

jale drutatva-viśeṣāt karakādi-vyāvṛttiḥ ||32||

śrotra-grāhyo guṇaḥ śabdaḥ | ākāśa-mātra-vṛttiḥ |

sa dvividho dhvany-ātmako varṇātmakaś ceti |
tatra dhvany-ātmako bheryādau,
varṇātmakaḥ saṁskṛta-bhāṣādi-rūpaḥ ||33||

dīpikā :

nyāya-bodhinī :

sarva-vyavahāra-hetur jñānaṁ buddhiḥ |

sā dvividhā—smṛtir anubhavaś ca ||34||

dīpikā :

nyāya-bodhinī :

saṁskāra-mātra-janyaṁ jñānaṁ smṛtiḥ ||35||

dīpikā :

nyāya-bodhinī :

tad-bhinnaṁ jñānam anubhavaḥ | sa dvividho

yathārtho'yathārthaś ceti | tadvati tat-prakārako'nubhavo
yathārthaḥ | yathā rajate idaṁ rajatam iti jñānam | saiva pramā
ity ucyate ||36||

dīpikā :

nyāya-bodhinī :

tad-abhāvavati tat-prakārako'nubhavo'yathārthaḥ | yathā śuktau

idaṁ rajatam iti jñānam | saiva apramā ity ucyate ||36||

dīpikā :

Page 17 of 26
 TARKA-SAṄGRAHAḤ

nyāya-bodhinī :

yathārthānubhavaś caturvidhaḥ—pratyakṣānumānopamāna-
śabda-bhedāt ||37||

dīpikā :

nyāya-bodhinī :

vyāpāravad asādhāraṇaṁ kāraṇaṁ karaṇam ||38||

dīpikā :

nyāya-bodhinī :

kārya-niyata-pūrva-vṛtti kāraṇam ||39||

dīpikā :

nyāya-bodhinī :

kāryaṁ prāg-abhāva-pratiyogi ||40||

dīpikā :

nyāya-bodhinī :

kāraṇaṁ trividhaṁ—samavāyy-asamavāyi-nimitta-bhedāt ||41||

dīpikā :

nyāya-bodhinī :

yat samavetaṁ kāryam utpadyate tat samavāyi-kāraṇam | yathā

tantavaḥ paṭasya, paṭaś ca sva-gata-rūpādeḥ ||42||

dīpikā :

Page 18 of 26
 TARKA-SAṄGRAHAḤ

nyāya-bodhinī :

kāryeṇa kāraṇena vā sahaikasminn arthe samavetaṁ sat

kāraṇam asamavāyi-kāraṇam | yathā tantu-saṁyogaḥ paṭasya,
tantu-rūpaṁ paṭa-gata-rūpasya ca ||43||

dīpikā :

nyāya-bodhinī :

tad ubhaya-bhinnaṁ kāraṇaṁ nimitta-kāraṇaṁ, yathā

turīvemādikaṁ paṭasya ||44||

dīpikā :

nyāya-bodhinī :

tad etat-trividha-kāraṇa-madhye yad asādhāraṇaṁ kāraṇaṁ tad

eva karaṇam ||45||

dīpikā :

nyāya-bodhinī :

atha pratyakṣa-paricchedaḥ

tatra pratyakṣa-jñāna-karaṇaṁ pratyakṣam ||46||

dīpikā :

nyāya-bodhinī :

indriyārtha-sannikarṣa-janyaṁ jñānaṁ pratyakṣam ||47||

dīpikā :

Page 19 of 26
 TARKA-SAṄGRAHAḤ

nyāya-bodhinī :

tad dvividhaṁ—nirvikalpakaṁ savikalpakaṁ ca | tatra

niṣprakārakaṁ jñānaṁ nirvikalpakam | yathedaṁ kiñcit | sa-
prakārakaṁ jñānaṁ savikalpakam | yathā ḍittho'yaṁ,
brāhmaṇo'yaṁ, śyāmo'yam iti ||48||

dīpikā :

nyāya-bodhinī :

pratyakṣa-jñāna-hetur indriyārtha-sannikarṣaḥ ṣaḍvidhaḥ |

saṁyogaḥ, saṁyukta-samavāyaḥ, saṁyukta-samaveta-
samavāyaḥ, samavāyaḥ, samaveta-samavāyaḥ, viśeṣaṇa-viśeṣya-
bhāvaś ceti ||49||

dīpikā :

nyāya-bodhinī :

cakṣuṣā ghaṭa-pratyakṣa-janane saṁyukta-samavāyaḥ

sannikarṣaḥ | cakṣuḥ-saṁyukte ghaṭe rūpasya samavāyāt ||50||

dīpikā :

nyāya-bodhinī :

ghaṭa-rūpa-pratyakṣa-janane saṁyukta-samavāyaḥ sannikarṣaḥ,

cakṣuḥ-saṁyuktatve ghaṭe rūpaṁ samavetaṁ, tatra rūpatvasya
samavāyāt ||51||

dīpikā :

nyāya-bodhinī :

Page 20 of 26
 TARKA-SAṄGRAHAḤ

rūpatva-sāmānya-pratyakṣe saṁyukta-samaveta-samavāyaḥ
sannikarṣaḥ | cakṣuḥ-saṇmyukte ghaṭe rūpaṁ samavetaṁ tatra
rūpatvasya samavāyāt ||52||

dīpikā :

nyāya-bodhinī :

śrotreṇa śabda-sākṣātkāre samavāyaḥ sannikarṣaḥ | karṇa-

vivara-varty-ākāśasya śrotratvāc chabdasyākāśa-guṇatvād guṇa-
guṇinoś ca samavāyāt ||53||

dīpikā :

nyāya-bodhinī :

śabdatva-sākṣātkāre samaveta-samavāyaḥ sannikarṣaḥ | śrotra-

samavete śabde śabdatvasya samāvāyāt ||54||

dīpikā :

nyāya-bodhinī :

abhāva-pratyakṣe viśeṣaṇa-viśeṣya-bhāvaḥ sannikarṣaḥ |

ghaṭābhāvavad bhūtalam ity atra cakṣuḥ-saṁyukte bhū-tale
ghaṭābhāvasya viśeṣaṇatvāt ||55||

dīpikā :

nyāya-bodhinī :

evaṁ sannikarṣa-ṣaṭka-janyaṁ jñānaṁ pratyakṣam | tat-

karaṇam indriyam | tasmād indriyaṁ pratyakṣa-pramāṇam iti
siddham ||56||

dīpikā :

Page 21 of 26
 TARKA-SAṄGRAHAḤ

nyāya-bodhinī :

athānumāna-paricchedaḥ

anumiti-karaṇam anumānam | parāmarśa-janyaṁ jñānam

anumitiḥ ||57||

dīpikā :

nyāya-bodhinī :

vyāpti-viśiṣṭa-pakṣa-dharmatā-jñānaṁ parāmarśaḥ | yathā

"vahni-vyāpya-dhūmavān ayaṁ parvataḥ" iti jñānaṁ
parāmarśaḥ | taj-janyaṁ parvato vahnimān iti jñānam anumitiḥ |
"yatra yatra dhūmas tatra tatrāgniḥ" iti sāhacarya-niyamo
vyāptiḥ | vyāpyasya parvatādi-vṛttitvaṁ pakṣa-dharmatā ||58||

dīpikā :

nyāya-bodhinī :

svārthānumānam

anumānaṁ dvividhaṁ—svārthaṁ parārthaṁ ca |

dīpikā :

nyāya-bodhinī :

tatra svārthaṁ svānumiti-hetuḥ | tathā hi—svayam eva bhūyo

darśanena, "yatra yatra dhūmas tatra tatrāgniḥ" iti
mahānasādau vyāptiṁ gṛhītvā, parvata-samīpaṁ gataḥ, tad-gate
cāgnau sandihānaḥ parvate dhūmaṁ paśyan vyāptiṁ smarati,
"yatra yatra dhūmas tatra tatrāgniḥ" iti | tad-anantaraṁ vahni-
vyāpya-dhūmavān ayaṁ parvata iti jñānam utpadyate | ayam eva

Page 22 of 26
 TARKA-SAṄGRAHAḤ

liṅga-parāmarśa ity ucyate | tasmāt "parvato vahnimān" iti

jñānam anumitir utpadyate | tad etat svārthānumānam ||59||

dīpikā :

nyāya-bodhinī :

yat tu svayaṁ dhūmād agnim anumāya paraṁ prati bodhayituṁ

pañcāvayava-vākyaṁ prayuṅkte tat-parārthānumānam | yathā
parvato vahnimān, dhūmvattvāt, yo yo dhūmavān sa sa
vahnimān, yathā mahānasam, tathā cāyaṁ, tasmāt tathā iti |
anena pratipāditāl liṅgāt paro'gniṁ pratipadyate ||60||

dīpikā :

nyāya-bodhinī :

pratijñā-hetūdāharaṇopanaya-nigamanāni pañcāvayavāḥ |
parvato vahnimān iti pratijñā | dhūmavattvād iti hetuḥ | yo yo
dhūmavān, sa so'gnimān, yathā mahānasam ity udāharaṇam |
tathā cāyam ity upanayaḥ | tasmāt tathā iti nigamanam ||61||

dīpikā :

nyāya-bodhinī :

svārthānumiti-parārthānumityor liṅga-parāmarśa eva karaṇam |

tasmāl liṅga-parāmarśo'numānam ||62||

dīpikā :

nyāya-bodhinī :

liṅgaṁ trividham—anvaya-vyatireki, kevalānvayi, kevala-

vyatireki ceti ||63||

dīpikā :

Page 23 of 26
 TARKA-SAṄGRAHAḤ

nyāya-bodhinī :

anvayena vyatirekeṇa ca vyāptimad anvaya-vyatireki | yathā

vahnau sādhye dhūmavattvam | yatra dhūmas tatrāgnir yathā
mahānasam ity anvaya-vyāptiḥ | yatra vahnir nāsti tatra
dhūmo'pi nāsti, yathā mahā-hrada iti vyatireka-vyāptiḥ ||64||

dīpikā :

nyāya-bodhinī :

anvaya-mātra-vyāptikaṁ kevalānvayi | yathā ghaṭo'bhidheyaḥ,

prameyatvāt paṭavad iti | atra prameyatvābhidheyatvayor
vyatireka-vyāptir nāsti, sarvasyāpi prameyatvād abhidheyatvāc
ca ||65||

dīpikā :

nyāya-bodhinī :

vyatireka-mātra-vyāptikaṁ kevala-vyatireki | yathā

pṛthivītarebhyo bhidyate gandhavattvāt | yad itarebhyo na
bhidyate na tad gandhavat, yathā jalam | na ceyaṁ tathā | tasmān
na tatheti | atra yad gandhavat tad itara-bhinnam ity anvaya-
dṛṣṭānto nāsti pṛthivī-mātrasya pakṣatvāt ||66|

dīpikā :

nyāya-bodhinī :

sandigdha-sādhyavān pakṣaḥ |
yathā dhūmavattve hetau parvataḥ |
niścita-sādhyavān sapakṣaḥ |
yathā tatraiva mahānasam |
niścita-sādhyābhāvavān vipakṣaḥ,
yathā tatraiva mahā-hradaḥ ||67||

Page 24 of 26
 TARKA-SAṄGRAHAḤ

dīpikā :

nyāya-bodhinī :

sa-vyabhicāra-viruddha-sat-pratipākṣāsiddha-bādhitā pañca
hetv-abhāsāḥ ||

dīpikā :

nyāya-bodhinī :

sa-vyabhicāro'naikāntikaḥ |
sa trividhaḥ—sādhāraṇāsādhārānānupasaṁhāri-bhedāt ||68||

dīpikā :

nyāya-bodhinī :

tatra sādhyābhāvavad vṛttiḥ sādhārāno'naikāntikaḥ |

yathā parvato vahnimān prameyatvād iti | atra prameyatvasya
vahny-abhāvavati [sādhyābhāvavati] hrade vidyamānatvāt ||69||

dīpikā :

nyāya-bodhinī :

sarva-sapakṣa-vipakṣa-vyāvṛttaḥ pakṣa-mātra-vṛttir
asādhāraṇaḥ | yathā śabdo nityaḥ śabdatvād iti | śabdatvaṁ
sarvebhyo nityebhyo'nityabhyaś ca vyāvṛttaṁ śabda-mātra-vṛtti
||

dīpikā :

nyāya-bodhinī :

Page 25 of 26
 TARKA-SAṄGRAHAḤ

anvaya-vyatireka-dṛṣṭānta-rahito'nupasaṁhārī | yathā sarvam

anityaṁ prameyatvād iti | atra sarvasyāpi pakṣatvād dṛṣṭānto
nāsti ||

dīpikā :

nyāya-bodhinī :

sādhyābhāva-vyāpti hetur viruddhaḥ | yathā śabdo ānāṁiaḥ

kṛtakatvād ghaṭavad iti | atra kṛtakatvaṁ hi
nityatvābhāvenānityatvena vyāptam ||

dīpikā :

nyāya-bodhinī :

Page 26 of 26