9

Mathematics
Quarter 4 – Module 2:
Trigonometric Ratios in Special
Right Triangles
Mathematics – Grade 9
Quarter 4 – Module 2: Trigonometric Ratios in Special Right Triangles
First Edition, 2021

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Published by the Department of Education – Region XI

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Writer: Roman John C. Lara
Editor: Alcy Mae R. Gracia
Reviewer: Alcy Mae R. Gracia
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 9

Mathematics
Quarter 4 – Module 2:
Trigonometric Ratios in Special
Right Triangles
Introductory Message
For the facilitator:
As a facilitator, you are expected to orient the learners on how to use
this module. You also need to keep track of the learners' progress while
allowing them to manage their own learning at home. Furthermore, you are
expected to encourage and assist the learners as they do the tasks included
in the module.

For the learner:

As a learner, you must learn to become responsible of your own
learning. Take time to read, understand, and perform the different activities
in the module.
As you go through the different activities of this module be reminded of
the following:
1. Use the module with care. Do not put unnecessary mark/s on any part
of the module. Use a separate sheet of paper in answering the exercises.
2. Don’t forget to answer Let Us Try before moving on to the other
activities.
3. Read the instructions carefully before doing each task.
4. Observe honesty and integrity in doing the tasks and checking your
answers.
5. Finish the task at hand before proceeding to the next.
6. Return this module to your teacher/facilitator once you are done.
If you encounter any difficulty in answering the tasks in this module, do not
hesitate to consult your teacher or facilitator. Always bear in mind that you
are not alone. We hope that through this material, you will experience
meaningful learning and gain deep understanding of the relevant
competencies. You can do it!
 Let Us Learn
After going through this module, you are expected to:

1. recall the concepts about special right triangles.

2. fid the six trigonometric ratios of special right triangles.

Let Us Try
Directions: Write the letter that you think is the best answer to each question on a
separate sheet of paper. Answer all items. After taking and checking this short test,
take note of the items that you were not able to answer correctly and find for the
right answer as you go through this module.

1. What is the value of sin 60°?

1 2 3
a. 2 b. 2 c. 2 d. 2

2. Find the exact value of the expression: 2(sin 30o) – tan 45o.

a. -1 b. 2 c. 1 d. 0

3. Which of the following is correct based on the figure below?

y
a. x = 10 c. sin 60o = 7
7 7
b. sin 30o = x d. cos 60o = y

4. What is the value of y?

a. 14 c. 7

b. 49 d. 2
5. How are the cosine and sine of 30° and their complement 60° related?

1
a. The sine of 30° and the cosine of 30° are both 2 .

1
b. The sine of 30° and the cosine of 60° are both 2 .

1
c. The sine of 60° and the cosine of 60° are both 2 .

3
d. The sine of 30° and the cosine of 60° are both 2 .

6. Refer to the figure below. If c = 40 and k = 80, what is m∠H?

a. 40o c. 45o

b. 30o d. 60o

7. In the diagram given, the angle of elevation from A to B is 30° and AB = 40m.
What is the length of BC?

a. 40tan30° c. 40sin60°

b. 40tan60° d. 40sin30°

8. What is the value of cos 60°?

1 2 3
a. 2 b. 2 c. 2 d. 2

9. If p = 30 and q = 60, what is the measure of ∠ R?

q
r a. 300 b. 450 c. 600 d. 900

R p Q

6
10. What is the value of x?
a. 5 c. 10 45o 10
x
b. 5√2 d. 10√2
45o

11. The figure shown below is made up of four 30o – 60o – 90o triangles. Find the
length of the side marked x.

a. 25

b. 20 – 40 3 2m

c. 40 – 20 3

9 x
d. 8

12. What is the exact value of the expression: sec 30o + cot 60o?

1 2 3
a. 2 b. √3 c. 2 d. 2

13. What is the value of angle x when sec x = 2?

a. 300 b. 450 c. 600 d. 900

14. What is the exact value of the expression sin2 30o + cos2 450?

2 3
!
a. b. √3 c. 2 d. 2
"

15. If x = 45o, what is the value of sec2 x + tan x = 3?

2 3
a.3 b. √3 c. 2 d. 2

7
 Let Us Study
Let us have a quick recall on the concepts of the Special Right Triangles.

Right triangles whose angles measure 45o-45o-90o and 30o-60o-90o are referred to as
special right triangles. The Pythagorean Theorem gives us information about the
special right triangles.

In a 45o-45o-90o triangle, the following In a 30o-60o-90o triangle, the following

holds true: holds true:

• the legs (x) are congruent • the shorter leg (x) is opposite 30o
and the
• the hypotenuse is leg times 2
• longer leg (x 3 ) is opposite 60o.
• the hypotenuse is two times the
shorter leg

• the longer leg is shorter leg times

45o 2x 60o
x
x x
o
45 o
30
x x

EXAMPLE 1: Find the length of sides a and c.

* The value of a is 4 since the legs are congruent.

45o
c
a * The value of c is leg times 2 . Thus,
45o
4 c = (leg ) 2
c = (4) 2
c=4 2

8
EXAMPLE 2: Find the length of sides a and b.

* The value of the shorter leg b is 4, since shorter leg is half

8 60o of the hypotenuse.
b
30o * The value of a is shorter leg times 3 . Thus,
a
a = ( shorter leg ) 3

a = (4) 3
a=4 3

Now that we have recalled the concepts on special right triangle, we are now ready to
evaluate trigonometric ratios of angles in special right triangles.

EXAMPLE 3: Find sin 450

Let x be the leg of a 45-45-90 triangle. Thus, each leg measures x and the hypotenuse

isx 2 . We will only consider one of the acute angles since they are congruent.

opposite definition of
sin 45° = sin ratio
hypotenuse
x
= substitute values for opposite leg and
hypotenuse
45o
x 2
x x 2 rationalize fraction to remove
= • radical in the denominator
x x 2 2
45o x 2 simplify: divide (cancel) x and
= extract square root of 4
x x 4
2
= final answer
2
From the given example, the measures of each side are open expressions. Thus, the
√"
trigonometric ratio of sin for 450 will always be equivalent to "
,

9
EXAMPLE 4: Find tan 300

Let us solve any of the 6 trig ratio for angle 30o. In this example, we will solve the

tan ratio of the 30o.

opposite
tan 30° = definition of tan ratio
adjacent
x substitute values for opposite
2x 60o = leg and adjacent leg
x 3
x
x 3 rationalize fraction to
= • remove radical in the
30o x 3 3 denominator
x x 3
= simplify: divide (cancel) x and
x 9 extract square root of 9
3
= final answer
3

EXAMPLE 5: Find the 6 trigonometric ratios of 45o from the triangle below.

45o
6
For us to determine the 6 trigonometric ratios, the
x measures of each side of the triangle must be known.
45o Thus, we need to solve for side x first.
x

* in a 45-45-90 triangle, the legs hypotenuse is leg times 2 . Thus:

hypotenuse = (leg) √2 theorem for hypotenuse in a 45-45-90 triangle

6 = (x) √2 substitute the measures of the hypotenuse, which is

6, and the leg, which is x.

!
=x simplify and rationalize
√#

10
 ! √#
● =x
√# √#

!√#
=x
#
3√2 = x the measure of each leg is 𝟑√𝟐.

Following the process on solving for the trigonometric ratio from the previous
example, the 6 trigonometric ratios of 45o are:

√$
sin 45o = csc 45o = √2
$

√$
cos 45o = sec 45o = √2
$
tan 45o = 1 cot 450 = 1

Let Us Practice

Find the missing side lengths. Leave your answers as radicals in simplest form.
1. 2. 3.

4. 5. 6.

7. 8. 9.

11
 Let Us Practice More
Complete the table of trigonometric values below. Leave your answers as
fractions/radicals in simplest form. Some of the values are already given.

trig.
ratio
sin θ cos θ tan θ csc θ sec θ cot θ
angle θ

0o 0 1 0 undefined 1 undefined

30o 3
3
45o 2
2
60o

90o 1 0 undefined 1 undefined 0

Let Us Remember

In a 45o-45o-90o triangle, the following In a 30o-60o-90o triangle, the following

holds true: holds true:

• the legs (x) are congruent • the shorter leg (x) is opposite 30o
and the
• the hypotenuse is leg times 2
• longer leg (x 3 ) is opposite 60o.
• the hypotenuse is two times the
shorter leg

• the longer leg is shorter leg times

3

45o 60o
x 2x
x x
o
45 30o

x
x

12
 Let Us Assess
Choose the letter of the correct answer.

1. What is the value of x?

45o 10
a. 5 c. 10
x
b. 5√2 d. 10√2
45o

2. What is the value of cos 60°?

1 2 3
a. 2 b. 2 c. 2 d. 2

3. In the diagram given, the angle of elevation from A to B is 30° and AB = 40m.
What is the length of BC?

a. 40tan30° c. 40sin60°

b. 40tan60° d. 40sin30°

4. If p = 30 and q = 60, what is the measure of ∠ R?

q
r a. 300 b. 450 c. 600 d. 900

R p Q

5. Refer to the figure below. If c = 40 and k = 80, what is m∠H?

a. 40o c. 45o
b. 30o d. 60o

13
6. How are the cosine and sine of 30° and their complement 60° related?

1
a. The sine of 30° and the cosine of 30° are both 2 .

1
b. The sine of 30° and the cosine of 60° are both 2 .

1
c. The sine of 60° and the cosine of 60° are both 2 .

3
d. The sine of 30° and the cosine of 60° are both 2 .

7. The figure shown below is made up of four 30o – 60o – 90o triangles. Find the length
of the side marked x.

a. 25

b. 20 – 40 3 2m

c. 40 – 20 3

9 x
d. 8

8. What is the value of angle x when sec x = 2?

a. 300 b. 450 c. 600 d. 900

9. What is the exact value of the expression sin2 30o + cos2 450?

2 3
!
a. b. √3 c. 2 d. 2
"

10. What is the value of y?

a. 14 c. 7

b. 49 d. 2

14
11. Which of the following is correct based on the figure below?
y
a. x = 10 c. sin 60o = 7
7 7
b. sin 30o = x d. cos 60o = y

12. What is the value of sin 60°?

1 2 3
a. 2 b. 2 c. 2 d. 2

13. Find the exact value of the expression: 2(sin 30o) – tan 45o.

a. -1 b. 2 c. 1 d. 0

14. What is the exact value of the expression: sec 30o + cot 60o?

1 2 3
a. 2 b. √3 c. 2 d. 2

15. If x = 45o, what is the value of sec2 x + tan x = 3?

2 3
a.3 b. √3 c. 2 d. 2

15
 Let us Enhance

STUDENT-GENERATED VIDEOS

Instruction:
Please choose one of the two options for submission stated below:
a) Use a video recording device. You may submit your output to your
teacher's email address.
b) In the absence of a video recording device, you may write on a Long
Bond Paper your output and your script, as if you are also recording
on video.

Activity:
Make 1 real-life word problem where special right triangles concept is applied.
You may use any method in finding the solutions to the problem. After that, present
your output by having a video reporting on how you solved the solutions. Look at the
rubric below as your reference.

Rubrics:
20 points 16 points 12 points 8 points 4 points
The learner The learner The learner The learner The learner’s
has complete has basic has limited has no response does
understanding understanding understanding understanding not fit the
of the of the of the of the problem given problem,
problem, the problem, the problem, the and the no numbers
computations computations computations computations shown and no
are all correct, are correct are are incorrect attempt or
has organized but contain incomplete, and evidence to
thinking using minor flaws, organized inappropriate explain the
multiple organize thinking, at strategy is solution
representation thinking at least one shown or
s and has least two representation explained.
thorough and representation but
concise s and has inappropriate
explanations understandabl strategy is
on the e explanations shown or
solution. on the explained.
solution.

16
 Let Us Reflect
On this activity, share your insights, thoughts and significant learning from the
lesson. Write your answers in the space provided.

Like, Heart and Sad Reacts

On the Like React, write two things that you have learned about the lesson.
On the Heart React, write one real-life situation where you can apply the concept of
six trigonometric ratios of a special right triangle.
On the Sad React, write one question that you want to ask about the topic.

_____________________________________________________
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_____________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________

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____________________________________________________
____________________________________________________

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____________________________________________________
____________________________________________________
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 18
Let Us Practice More
Let Us Assess Let Us Practice Let Us Try
1. B 1. a =4, b = 2√2 1. D
2. A 2. x = 2√2, y = 2√2 2. C
3. D #√" 3. B
4. C 3. x = 3, b = " 4. C
5. D 4. x = 6, y = 3√2 5. B
6. B 5. x = 8√3, y = 8 6. D
7. D 6. u = 4, v = 2√3 7. D
8. C 7. u = 16, v = 8√3 8. A
9. A 8. x = 10, y = 5
10.C 9. C
9. x = 5√3 , y = 5 10.B
11.B
12.D 11. D
13.C 12.B
14.B 13.C
15.A 14.A
15.A
Answer Key
 References

Department of Education. (2014). Mathematics Learners Material 9. Pasig CIty,

Philippines: VIbal Group, Inc.

https://cdn.kutasoftware.com/Worksheets/Geo/8-
Special%20Right%20Triangles.pdf
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Telefax: (082) 224-3274, (082) 222-1672

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