9

Mathematics Activity Sheet

Quarter 4 – MELC 2
Finding the Trigonometric Ratios of
Special Angles

REGION VI – WESTERN VISAYAS

Mathematics Grade 9
Activity Sheet No. 2
First Edition, 2021

Published in the Philippines

By the Department of Education
Region 6 – Western Visayas

Republic Act 8293, section 176 states that: No copyright shall subsist in any
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This Learning Activity Sheet is developed by DepEd Region 6 – Western

Visayas.

ALL RIGHTS RESERVED. No part of this learning resource may be

reproduced or transmitted in any form or by any means electronic or mechanical
without written permission from the DepEd Regional Office 6 – Western Visayas.

Development Team of Mathematics 9 Activity Sheet

Writer: Gigi Sheila S. Villanueva

Illustrators: Jerome Jordan Z. Ponsica
Layout Artists: Eldiardo E. de la Peña, Antonio O. Rebutada

Schools Division Quality Assurance Team:

Prilyn S. Albarico
Gigi Sheila S. Villanueva
Romalyn B. Tomarong
Mary Ann C. Biaquis
Mae Joy M. Tan, PhD

Division of Escalante City Management Team:

Clarissa G. Zamora, CESO VI
Fevi S. Fanco, EdD
Jason R. Alpay
Lilibeth G. Langrio
Jean G. Pilongo

Regional Management Team

Ramir B. Uytingco, EdD, CESO IV
Pedro T. Escobarte Jr.
Elena P. Gonzaga
Donald T. Genine
Adonis A. Mosquera - OIC

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Introductory Message
Welcome to Mathematics Grade 9!

The Learning Activity Sheet is a product of the collaborative efforts of the

Schools Division of Escalante City and DepEd Regional Office VI - Western Visayas
through the Curriculum and Learning Management Division (CLMD). This is
developed to guide the learning facilitators (teachers, parents and responsible
adults) in helping the learners meet the standards set by the K to 12 Basic Education
Curriculum.

The Learning Activity Sheet is self-directed instructional materials aimed to

guide the learners in accomplishing activities at their own pace and time using the
contextualized resources in the community. This will also assist the learners in
acquiring the lifelong learning skills, knowledge and attitudes for productivity and
employment.

For learning facilitator:

The Mathematics 9 Activity Sheet will help you facilitate the teaching-
learning activities specified in each Most Essential Learning Competency (MELC)
with minimal or no face-to-face encounter between you and learner. This will be
made available to the learners with the references/links to ease the independent
learning.

For the learner:

The Mathematics 9 Activity Sheet is developed to help you continue

learning even if you are not in school. This learning material provides you with
meaningful and engaging activities for independent learning. Being an active learner,
carefully read and understand the instructions then perform the activities and answer
the assessments. This will be returned to your facilitator on the agreed schedule.

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 Quarter 4, Week 2

LEARNING ACTIVITY SHEET (LAS) No. 2

Name of Learner: _______________________________________________

Grade and Section: ______________________Date: ___________________

MATHEMATICS 9 ACTIVITY SHEET

Finding the Trigonometric Ratios of Special Angles

I. Learning Competency with Code

 Finds the trigonometric ratios of special angles. M9GEIVb-1

II. Background Information for Learners

In this lesson, the students will learn the process of determining the
values of trigonometric ratios of special angles .
There are two special right triangles: the 30o – 60o – 90o triangle and
the isosceles 45o – 45o – 90o triangle. The angles 30o, 60o and 45o are the
most frequently used angle measures in many problems and are referred to
as special angles.
45° – 45° – 90° Right Triangle

In a 45° – 45° – 90° triangle,

✔ the legs are congruent;
✔ the length of the hypotenuse is √ times the length of a leg
(hypotenuse = √ leg)

30° – 60° – 90° Right Triangle

In a 30° – 60° – 90° triangle,

✔ the length of the hypotenuse is twice the length of the shorter leg
(hypotenuse = 2 shorter leg)

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 ✔ the length of the longer leg is √ times the length of the shorter leg
(longer leg = √ shorter leg)

Examples:

1. Find r.

Solution: r = hypotenuse
In a 45° – 45° – 90° triangle, the hypotenuse
is √ times the length of a leg. Therefore,

r = √ ( 3√ )
= 3√

2. Find the length of the indicated side.

Solution:

t = shorter leg
s = hypotenuse

In a 30° – 60° – 90° triangle, and hypotenuse =

√
2 shorter leg.

Therefore, solving for the shorter leg:

√3 √3
√
√3 √3 √3 3

And solving for the hypotenuse:

√ √

Trigonometric Ratios of Special Angles

Referring to the figures of special triangles below, the following

trigonometric ratios are determined or derived.
𝑎 1 √2 √2 𝑎
sin 45°=𝑎 tan 45°= 1
√2 √2 √2 2 𝑎

𝑎 1 √2 √2 cot 45°= 1
cos 45°=𝑎
√2 √2 √2 2
2 2 √2 2√2
csc 45°= √
√2 √2 √2 2

𝑎√2
sec 45°=
𝑎
√

2
 𝑎 1 𝑎√3 √3
sin 30° = 2𝑎 sin 60° =
2 2𝑎 2

𝑎√3 √3 𝑎 1
cos 30° = cos 60° = 2𝑎
2𝑎 2 2

𝑎 1 √3 √3 𝑎√3
tan 30° = 𝑎 tan 60° = 𝑎
√
√3 √3 √3 3

2 2 2 √3 2√3
csc 30° = 1 csc 60° =
√3 √3 √3 3

2 2 √3 2√3 2
sec 30° = sec 60° = 1
√3 √3 √3 3

3 3 √3 3√3 𝑎 1 √3 √3
cot 30° = √ tan 30° = 𝑎
√3 √3 √3 3 √3 √3 √3 3

Below is the table that summarizes the values of the six trigonometric
ratios for special angles 45°, 30°, and 60°.

Finding the Exact Values of a Trigonometric Expression

Using the above table of trigonometric ratios for special angles, learn
how to find the exact values of a numerical or a trigonometric expression.

Examples:
1. Determine the exact value of the expression sec 30°+cot 60°.
2√3 √𝟑 𝟑√𝟑
Solution: sec 30° + cot 60° = + √𝟑
3 𝟑 𝟑

2. Find the exact value of sin2 30° + cos2 45°.

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 Solution: sin2 30° + cos2 45° = (sin 30°)2 + (cos 45°)2
1 2 √2 2
= (2 + 2
1 2
=4+4
3
=4

3. Determine the value of angle x when sec x = 2.

Solution: Referring to the table, sec 60° = 2. Therefore, x = 60°

4. If x = 45°, show that sec2 x + tan x = 3.

Solution: Substituting x with 45°, we have

sec2 45° + tan 45°=(sec 45°)2 + tan 45°
= (√ )2 + 1
=2+1
=3

I. Accompanying DepEd Textbook and Educational Sites

Mathematics 9 Learner’s Materials, First Edition, 2014, Merden L.

Bryant, Leonides E. Bulalayao, Melvin M. Callanta, Jerry D. Cruz,
Richard F. De Vera, Gilda T. Garcia, Sonia E. Javier, Roselle A.
Lazaro, Bernadeth J. Mesterio, and Rommel Hero A. Saladino.

II. Activity Proper

1. Directions / Instructions
For further information about this lesson, please refer to Mathematics
Learner’s Material for Grade 9 pp. 447 – 454.

2. Exercises/ Activities
A. Exercise 1
Directions: Find the value of each variable used in the figures.

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 B. Exercise 2
Directions: Use the choices in the box to complete the
equations below. Calculator is not allowed.

C. Exercise 3
Directions: Find the exact values of the following numerical
expressions:

1. (sec 30°) (cos 30°) – (tan 60°) (cot 60°)

+ +
2. +

3. Guide Questions

How did you answer the exercises?

What mathematical concepts did you apply to find the answer?

III. Reflection
Complete the following statements.

I have learned that _______________________________________.

I have realized that _______________________________________.
I will apply ______________________________________________.

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IV. Answer Key

A. Exercise 1

B. Exercise 2
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C. Exercise 3
4
2.
110−55√2
1. 0