Unintentional

Injury
Prevention
Safety
First Aid
Ms. Joana Marie M. Bernasol
Bro. Andrew Gonzalez Technical High School
 First Aid
is an immediate and temporary care given to
a person who suddenly gets ill or injured.
It includes self-help and home care if medical
assistance is not available or delayed.
It can mean the difference between life and
death in extreme cases.
 Roles of First Aid
1. It is a bridge that feels the gap between the
victim and the physician
2. It is not intended to compete with or to take
place of the services of the physician
3. It ends when the services of the physician
begins.
 Objectives of First Aid
1. To save lives
2. To prolong life
3. To alleviate suffering
4. To prevent further injury
 Characteristics of a Good
First Aider
1. Gentle- does not cause pain and panic
2. Observant- notices all signs
3. Resourceful- makes the best use of things at
hand
4. Tactful- does not frighten the victim
5. Sympathetic- comforts and reassures the
victim
 Principles of First Aid
Do’s Don’ts
1. Stay calm 1. Don’t give food and
2. Reassure and comfort the drink to an unconscious
victim person
3. Check for medical bracelet 2. Don’t move an injured
4. Loosen any tight clothing person unless you need
5. Keep the victim covered to to place him/her in the
reduce shock recovery position
 Steps in Assessing
Emergency Situations
Is anyone in danger?
If yes, can the
Move to the quietest victim
danger be easily
managed? Gently shake the Open the air way
shoulders and ask
If it cannot, call question Check for breathing
for emergency If the victim Do the Look for signs
help and protect
the scene.
responds, treat any
life-threatening
“Head Tilt- If breathing, of circulation
conditions Chin Lift check for any
If the victim is a
life-threatening
If there is no
response, check
Method” conditions child or an adult
who has suffered
the airway If not breathing, from a drowning or
rescue breaths accident, proceed
directly to CPR.
If rescuer is
alone, call for
ambulance Otherwise, look for
signs of life such as
movement and
normal skin color
Dressing and
Bandaging
 Wounds
is a break in the continuity of a
tissue in the body.
It may be closed in which there is
no break or damage in the skin. It is
also called hematoma or contusions.
 Kinds of Open Wounds
1. Puncture is a piercing wound caused by nails, needles and
other pointed objects
2. Abrasion is caused by rubbing or scraping the skin
against a rough surface.
3. Incision is a cut caused by knife, broken glass or any
sharp object.
4. Laceration is a blunt breaking or tearing of soft tissues
usually resulting from mishandling tools and other
accidents.
5. Avulsion is a forcible tearing or partial tearing away of
tissues.
 Dressing
•A piece of sterile cloth that
covers a wound to prevent
infection and/or to stop
bleeding
 Bandages
• have three key uses:
1. applying pressure to bleeding wounds;
2. covering wounds and burns;
3. and providing support and immobilization for broken bones,
sprains, and strains.

• These includes gauze, triangular, Elastic, and

tubular bandage.
 Two Phases of Bandaging

Open Phase Bandaging

Cravat Phase bandaging
Bandaging for head injuries Chest Bandage
Hand Bandage Underarm Sling
Arm Sling Head Cravat Bandage
Cravat Bandage for Temple Cravat Bandage for Neck
Cravat Bandage for Temple Cravat Bandage for Elbow
Cravat Bandage for Knee Cravat Bandage for Elbow
Cravat Bandage for Leg Cravat Bandage for Forearm
Cravat Bandage for Foot Cravat Bandage for Palm
Shoulder/Armpit Cravat
Carrying and
Transporting
 Factors to consider:
• Weight and height of the victim
• Status of the victim (conscious or unconscious)
• Environment (safe, floor is smooth, narrow or
wide)
• Special need considerations (injuries of the
victims)
 Kinds of
Transport
One Man Transport
Three or More Man Transport
 One Man Transport
Fireman’s Carry
• the easiest way to
transport a light
and smaller victim
 One Man Transport
Pack Strap Carry
• when the victim is
smaller than the
first aider
 One Man Transport
Shoulder Drag
• used when the floor
is smooth, short
distance transport
 One Man Transport
Fireman’s Drag or
Tied-Hands Crawl
• used when first
aider and victim
must crawl
underneath a low
structure
 One Man Transport
Blanket Drag
• used when the
victim is seriously
injured and should
not be lifted.
Three or more-Man Transport
Hammock Carry
• used when there
are three first
aiders
Three or more-Man Transport
Chair or Seat Carry
• when there are two
first aiders and a
chair is available
Three or more-Man Transport
Bearer Along Side
Carry
• carriers will stay
on the uninjured
side of the victim
Three or more-Man Transport
Six-Man Lift or
Carry
• When there are six
first aiders
 First Aid for Common
Unintentional Injuries
Fracture Dislocation Heat exhaustion
Sprain Food Poisoning Choking
Drowning Heart Attack Chemical Burns
Burns Heat Stroke Stroke
 Fracture
1. Check vital Signs
2. Do not move the injured part
3. Stop bleeding if there is any
4. If you have to move the person, immobilize
the broken part by splinting
5. Seek medical help immediately
 Dislocation
1. Call for help immediately
2. Splint the affected part
3. Do not try to move the dislocated part or
force it back into place
4. Apply ice on the injured part to induce
swelling
 Sprain/Strain
1. Rest the injured part
2. Apply ice
3. Compress the injured part
4. Elevate
 Heat Exhaustion
1. Transport the victim to a cool place
2. Give him plenty of water
3. Check for vital signs
4. Seek for medical help
 Food Poisoning
1. Help the person to lie down and rest
2. Give him plenty of flavorless fluid and a
bowl to use if he vomits
3. Call for medical help if the condition
worsens
 Choking
1. Ask the person if he is choking
2. Encourage him to cough
3. Give him 5 back blows if he cannot speak
or stops coughing
4. If it fails, try abdominal thrusts
5. Check his mouth for obstructions
6. If not clear, call for ambulance
 Drowning
1. Lay the person down
2. Check breathing and open the airway
3. Give CPR if necessary
4. If he is breathing, place him in recovery
position
5. Treat for hypothermia by removing wet
clothes and cover with dry blanket
 Heart Attack
1. Help the person sit or lie down with head
elevated
2. Call for medical help
3. If he is conscious, give full-dose aspirin
and advise to chew slowly
4. Monitor vital signs
5. Give rescue breaths and chest
compression if necessary
 Chemical Burns
1. Make sure that contact with the
electrical source is broken
2. Flood with plenty of water
3. Wear gloves and place sterile dressing
or bandage
4. Call for medical help
5. Treat for possible shock
 Burns
1. Flood with cold water and cover if minor
2. Fro severe, help the person to lie down
and douse the burn with cold liquid
3. Do not delay medical help
4. Wear gloves and gently remove
accessories/clothing then cover
5. Monitor vital signs and treat for shock
 Heat Stroke
1. Move to a cool place and loosen clothing
2. Call for medical help
3. Wrap in cold wet sheet until it returns
to normal body temperature
4. Monitor vital signs
 Stroke
1. If conscious, help the victim to lie down with head
and shoulders raised/supported
2. Place a towel on shoulder to absord any dribbling
3. Call for help
4. Loosen tight clothing
5. Monitor vital signs
6. Be ready to give rescue breaths and chest
compressions