PENGENALAN KEPADA RANGKAIAN :

TEKNOLOGI, TOPOLOGI & PENDAWAIAN

Discussion on :

• NETWORK TOPOLOGY

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LAN protocols

• Ethernet
• Token Ring
• FDDI
• Gigabit Ethernet

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NETWORK (LAN)
TOPOLOGY

Network topology is the study

of the arrangement or mapping
of the elements (links, nodes,
etc.) of a network, especially the
physical (real) and logical
(virtual) interconnections
between nodes

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 NETWORK (LAN) TOPOLOGY

Physical topology :
Any given node in the LAN will have
one or more links to one or more
other nodes in the network and the
mapping of these links and nodes
onto a graph results in a geometrical
shape that determines the physical
topology of the network
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NETWORK TOPOLOGY

Logical topology :
the mapping of the flow of data
between the nodes in the network
determines the logical topology of the
network

We will discuss about logical topology

later
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NETWORK PHYSICAL
TOPOLOGY

• Types/Classification of physical topologies

– Linear Bus
– Star
– Star-Wired Ring
– Tree
– FDDI
• Choice of topologies
• Equipments/Devices

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 TYPES OF PHYSICAL TOPOLOGY:
linear Bus

• A linear bus topology consists of a main

run of cable with a terminator at each
end.
• All nodes (file server, workstations, and
peripherals) are connected to the linear
cable.
• Ethernet and LocalTalk networks use a
linear bus topology.

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TYPES OF PHYSICAL TOPOLOGY:

linear Bus

• Topologi "linear bus" terdiri daripada

suatu kabel utama dengan suatu
penamat (terminator) dikedua-dua
hujungnya.
• Semua nod (seperti komputer pelayan,
stesyen kerja dan peranti lain)
disambung kepada kabel linear ini.
• Contoh rangkaian yang menggunakan
topologi Linear Bus ini ialah Ethernet dan
LocalTalk.

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TYPES OF PHYSICAL TOPOLOGY:

linear Bus

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 TYPES OF PHYSICAL TOPOLOGY:
linear Bus

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TYPES OF PHYSICAL TOPOLOGY:

linear Bus

• The bus cable carries the transmitted message along

the cable. As the message arrives at each workstation,
the workstation computer checks the destination
address contained in the message to see if it matches
it's own. If the address does not match, the workstation
does nothing more.
• If the workstation address matches that contained in
the message, the workstation processes the message.
The message is transmitted along the cable and is
visible to all computers connected to that cable.
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TYPES OF PHYSICAL TOPOLOGY:

Linear Bus

Advantages of a Linear Bus

Topology
• Easy to connect a computer or
peripheral to a linear bus.
• Requires less cable length than a
star topology.

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 TYPES OF PHYSICAL TOPOLOGY:
Linear Bus

Disadvantages
• Entire network shuts down if there is a break in
the main cable.
• A faulty cable or workstation will take the entire
LAN down
• Terminators are required at both ends of the
backbone cable.
• Difficult to identify the problem if the entire
network shuts down.
• Not meant to be used as a stand-alone solution
in a large building.

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TYPES OF PHYSICAL TOPOLOGY:

Star

• A star topology is designed with each node (file

server, workstations, and peripherals) connected
directly to a central network hub or concentrator

• Data on a star network passes through the hub or

concentrator before continuing to its destination.
The hub or concentrator manages and controls all
functions of the network. It also acts as a
repeater for the data flow.

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TYPES OF PHYSICAL TOPOLOGY:

Star

• This configuration is common with twisted

pair cable; however, it can also be used with
coaxial cable or fiber optic cable.

• The protocols used with star configurations

are usually Ethernet or LocalTalk

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 TYPES OF PHYSICAL TOPOLOGY:
Star

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TYPES OF PHYSICAL TOPOLOGY:

Star

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TYPES OF PHYSICAL TOPOLOGY:

Star

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 TYPES OF PHYSICAL TOPOLOGY:
Star

Advantages
• Easy to install, and wire.
• Easy to add new workstations
• No disruptions to the network when connecting
or removing devices.
• Any non-centralised failure will have very little
effect on the network
• Easy to detect faults and to remove parts.
• Centralized control
• Centralized network/hub monitoring
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TYPES OF PHYSICAL TOPOLOGY:

Star

Disadvantages
• Requires more cable length than a
linear topology.
• If the hub or concentrator fails,
nodes attached are disabled.
• More expensive than linear bus
topologies because of the cost of
the concentrators.

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TYPES OF PHYSICAL TOPOLOGY:

Star-Wired

• A star-wired topology may appear

(externally) to be the same as a star
topology.
• Internally, the MAU (multistation access
unit) of a star-wired ring contains wiring
that allows information to pass from one
device to another in a circle or ring
• The Token Ring protocol uses a star-wired
topology.

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 TYPES OF PHYSICAL TOPOLOGY:
Star-Wired

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TYPES OF PHYSICAL TOPOLOGY:

Star-Wired

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TYPES OF PHYSICAL TOPOLOGY:

Tree

• A tree topology combines

characteristics of linear bus and star
topologies.
• It consists of groups of star-configured
workstations connected to a linear bus
backbone cable. Tree topologies allow
for the expansion of an existing
network, and enable schools to
configure a network to meet their
needs.

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 TYPES OF PHYSICAL TOPOLOGY:
Tree

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TYPES OF PHYSICAL TOPOLOGY:

Tree

TYPES OF PHYSICAL TOPOLOGY:

Tree

Advantage
• Point-to-point wiring for
individual segments.

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 TYPES OF PHYSICAL TOPOLOGY:
Tree

Disadvantages
• Overall length of each segment is
limited by the type of cabling
used.
• If the backbone line breaks, the
entire segment goes down.
• More difficult to configure and
wire than other topologies.
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TYPES OF PHYSICAL TOPOLOGY:

FDDI

• 100mbps
• normally implemented over fiber optic (fast-
Ethernet, UTP)
• dual redundancy built in by use of primary
and secondary ring
• automatic bypassing and isolation of faulty
nodes

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TYPES OF PHYSICAL TOPOLOGY:

FDDI (Fiber Distributed Data Interface)

• 100mbps
• normally implemented over fiber optic (fast-
Ethernet, UTP)
• dual redundancy built in by use of primary
and secondary ring
• automatic bypassing and isolation of faulty
nodes

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