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Assalamualaikum! Hello! ¡Hola!

Thank you everyone for reading our first digital magazine. It is an honour to be given the chance to

let you experience the wonders of the cultures with us. Our magazine features the 4 countries in

South America; Colombia, Chile, Venezuela, and Peru. We realised that not many are exposed to

the cultures of these 4 countries and we are here to change that. We understand how important it

is for people to be exposed to the different cultures of the different parts of the world.

Our cultural magazine will have everything you need to go in depth into their cultures – from

the beauty and uniqueness of their identities, to their scrumptious and yummy looking foods,

the fun and meaningful celebrations and lifestyle, and all the way to the issues that the people

are facing. May this magazine gives you an insight of the cultures, making you feel like you are

actually part of them!

The process of finishing this digital magazine, admittedly, is not easy. Especially with the

current pandemic going on, to communicate properly has somehow become a difficult task to

do. There have been a few bumps and hurdles along the way, but look, we made it anyway. At

the end of the day, we realise that with the right determination, anything is possible.

Lastly, we would like to give a huge thank you to Madam Suchitra for all the help and guidance

she has given us from day 1. We wish her nothing but all the great things in life. But most

importantly, here’s a toast for all the effort, teamwork, and support we’ve given each other.

This magazine wouldn’t even be possible if not for us. Here’s to us!
COMMITTEE MEMBERS

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 JULY 2020

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COMMITTEE MEMBERS

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 JULY 2020

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THE MAP OF SOUTH AMERICA

el mapa de
sudamerica

PACIFIC ATLANTIC
OCEAN OCEAN

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 JULY 2020

COLOMBIA

VENEZUELA

PERU

CHILE

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CONTENT PAGE

IN THIS ISSUE METÁFORAS

CULTURALES
EXPLORING THE COLOMBIAN
03 COFFEE CULTURAL LANDSCAPE:
A CULTURAL ESCAPADE

CHILEAN WALLS
07
OF ART

09 SALTO ANGEL

11 CITY OF KINGS

NORMAS Y
CREENCIAS
15 GET TO KNOW
COLOMBIANS 101

17 A LONELY TOWN IN
CHILE

19 GODDESS OF MOTION

21 PERU BELIEFS

LA COMIDAS

25 HEAD OVER MEALS

A LITTLE SLICE OF
27
CHILEAN HEAVEN

29 DAME MAS!

31 THE TASTE OF
PERUVIANS

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 JULY 2020

FESTIVALES Y
TRADICIONES

35 CARNIVAL DEL DIABLO

37 FRISK! AMIGO, FRISK!

39 CARNIVAL DEL DIABLO

41 DESCENDANTS OF THE
INCAS

CUESTIONES

45 PERILOUS COLOMBIA

47 "WAKE UP, CHILE!"

49 A GAME OF THRONES

51 THE SILENT CRY

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METÁFORAS
CULTURALES
-CULTURAL METAPHORS-
METÁFORAS CULTURALES | COLOMBIA

EXPLORING THE COLOMBIAN COFFEE

CULTURAL LANDSCAPE: A CULTURAL
ESCAPADE
by Muhammad Nur Aliff Mohd Nasir

COLOMBIAN | COFFEE | CULTURAL | LANDSCAPE

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A farmer tending the coffee plants
Fresh picked coffee berries
The House of Culture in Quindío
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JULY 2020
Sightseeing
in Colombia
Colombia, brimming with biodiversity and contrast, covers
the northern corner of South America. This land, graced
with exuberant landscapes, steep mountains, incredible
rivers, snow-capped peaks and volcanoes where
thousands of families through their hard work and
determination, helped coffee to find a perfect home
where it could flourish.  Federación Nacional de
Cafeteros (2020) states that this family effort has played
a key role in turning the mountainous terrain of Caldas,
Quindío, Risaralda and Valle del Cauca, privileged for
their environmental wealth into one of the most
important coffee-producing centers of the country. This
led to the formation of an outstanding landscape in
constant evolution and a cultural focus which stands out
for its integrality and exceptional beauty.
GET TO KNOW THE CULTURAL COFFEE LANDSCAPE
The Cultural Coffee Landscape covers specific areas in 47
municipalities where approximately 25,000 farms, each
with a small coffee plantation house 85,000 people who
dedicate their lives to this crop as their main economic
activity according to UNESCO (2011). The landscape is an
outstanding example in which a human group has
developed a particular way to use the land and a
representative culture through their traditional arts and
celebrations making this an outstanding example of the
interaction between man and nature in this particular
environment.
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METÁFORAS CULTURALES | COLUMBIA

A Chivas carrying it's passengers through the busy town

Life in Cultural Coffee Landscape

UNESCO (2011) reveals that this landscape maintains its outstanding tradition and culture, which has
generated in the inhabitants a sense of belonging to their businesses and their origin. Throughout the past
150 years, various manifestations taking on all aspects of life associated to the Cultural Coffee Landscape
have been forged. Among them are celebrations such as the national coffee festivals in Calarcá, the Festival
del Pasillo in Aguadas, and the Riosucio Carnival. Daily activities have influenced traditional dresses, the
idiosyncrasies of the people, the delicious regional dishes and have inspired invaluable artistic expressions
in the traditional arts and in the beautiful wood and guadua handicrafts.

Rural paths are brightened by the timeless Throughout the region, colourful homes adorn the
yipaos[1]  and the colourful chivas[2]  transporting farms and the towns. Houses are open and integrated
coffee growers to the mountains to sell the harvested into the landscape with large balconies and corridors
crops in the nearby towns. The transformation and adorned with carving and fretwork in cedar and
splendour of this landscape is transparent through walnut. Patios decorated with beautiful ornamental
the rich culture of its people. plants and ample hallways that accommodate family
[1] In definition, "yipao" signifies a completely stacked Willys jeep. The Coffee growers
and friends to rest and play. Towns were built in
used to transport their crops on mules, but as technology thrived, they adopted the Willys mountain ridges, following the same style of housing
jeep as their main transportation.
[1] A highly decorated public transport bus. “Chivas” or goat in Spanish, is a public bus and maintaining the axis of life and trade as well as
that transport the residents through treacherous roads of the mountainous terrain.
the main square and the church.

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 JULY 2020

EXPLORING “Traveling – it leaves

you speechless,
THE TOPS then turns you into
a storyteller”
OF THE Ibn Battuta

ANDES
The Cultural Coffee Landscape is a
living landscape that changes,
adapts, and overcomes challenges
for the wellbeing of its community,
CULTURAL COFFEE LANDSCAPE its culture and its imposing
biodiversity.
HERITAGE
The outstanding qualities of the
landscape are summed-up in its
capacity to adapt to the
environment; the coexistence of
conservation and development,
initiative, commitment, and the
sense of belonging of its
inhabitants, its traditional
architecture, its solid cultural
identity, the role of its coffee
institutions, and the extraordinary
natural wealth.

Coffee Cultural Landscape is home

to thousands of coffee families and
their future generations. It is a
unique location which deserves
to be preserved through time as an
exemplification model of human
coexistence with its environment,
known and admired by the rest of
humanity.

A NATION'S
CULTURE RESIDES
IN THE HEARTS
AND THE SOUL OF
ITS PEOPLE,
MIRRORING THE
SOCIETY.

*All photos the courtesy of nationalgeographic.com

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METÁFORAS CULTURALES | CHILE
Chilean
Walls
of Art
BY NURUL AMIRA AZHARI
Mural painting was considered as the first
illustration of Chilean art streets. Murals
painted on the walls showed socialist themes
such as protestors and workers which relates
to the issues of Chile until today. “Brigadeers”
is a group of people that popularized mural
paintings on streets in Chile. However, street
arts were considered illegal back in the days,
Therefore many painters went into hiding and
were exiled.
Street art in Chile has existed since 1960 and
early 1970s as a form of political expression.
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INSTAGRAM @CRONICADELGRAFFITI
Before the military coup in the 1970s, the two
political parties that ran for the presidency
had different takes on how to run their
presidency campaigns. One of the candidates
running, Pablo Neruda supported images over
words.
The return of democracy in 1989 gave birth to
the second wave of street arts in Chile. Artists
that went into hiding to other cities returned
to Chile with their knowledge, experiences,
and talents.
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 JULY 2020

According to a blog written by Eileen Smith (2019), street

art in Chile is considered as underground culture as it brings
vibrant emotions to the people in Chile.Paintings formed
after 1989 were mostly related to the places where the
painters went to while travelling outside of Chile during
their hiding period. Chile street arts today are no longer
connected to political expressions, but more to their own
art forms. Local painters in Chile marked their arts by
naming themselves using short words or just an alphabet.
Usually 4-6 characters for practical purposes. One of the
painters in Chile, Al, said “no one wants to take the time and
paint to tag the name Maximiliano,” while smiling.

Painters in Chile used basic art tools

If the other side puts
up their signs with
letters, I don't want
my side to do the
same, so go out and
draw the people we
represent and people
working
PABLO NERUDA
but the murals formed mostly are high-
INSTAGRAM @CRONICADELGRAFFITI
quality painting. Al mentioned that Germans
visited the mural and were amazed by the artist painting.
Al is proud of Chilean artists’ as they managed to paint a
wonderful mural with limited resources. Many murals are
formed in Chile until today, but there are some places of
mural paintings that need to be visited if someone goes to
Chile! Cerro Concepcion and Cerro Alegre, Valparaiso.
Known for a painting that reads “We are not Hippies, but we
are Happies" indicates the freedom of Chileans' dictatorship. 
Museo a Cielo Abierto, Santiago, is not a typical museum of
paintings but is an Open-air museum designated to display
several giant murals.
Bellavista, Santiago captures the cartoonish characters,
abstract and arts. It is a hotspot for tourists! Cerro Bellavista
and Florida, Valparaiso near the house of the poet and
political figure, Pablo Neruda. Painters paint their mural
along the walls of La Sebastiana. Barrio Yungay, Santiago is
the oldest mural spot in Chile with some buildings built back
in the eighteenth century. If you get a chance to visit Chile,
come take a look on arts painted that represent the
developments in Santiago and Chile!

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METÁFORAS CULTURALES | VENEZUELA

SALTO ANGEL
SLLAF LEGNA

"WHERE THE ANGEL FALLS"

MOHAMAD HAFIZ
© EARTH ECLIPSE - 0 9 -
CULTURAL METAPHORS | COLUMBIA JULY 2020

"CASCADING FROM A HIGH PEAK IN The name "Land of Grace" was given because of Venezuela’s
rich source of natural materials such as metal, copper, gold
VENEZUELA, SALTO ANGEL OR
and even fossil fuels. Venezuela is also home to a diverse
ANGEL FALLS IS CONSIDERED TO BE landscape with climates that range from the high mountain
A PART OF THE NATURAL peaks of Pico Bolivar mountain, to the wet rainforest of the
WONDERS OF THE WORLD" Amazon, down to the beautiful white sandy beaches of Isla
Magarita.
According to Augustyn (2019), located in the Guiana
Highlands of the Bolivar state in the south-eastern These are just some of the few different beauties that
region of Venezuela this long stretch of white water Venezuela has to offer. Moreover, with a diverse landscape
falls from the flat-topped plateau of Auyán-Tepuí, also and natural resources, Venezuela is also home to a variety
known as “Devils Mountain”. The height of the of plant life and animal species. Due to its diversified
environment, it is the perfect home for many animals such
waterfall drop is approximately 3,200 feet high with a
as crocodiles, capybaras and even jaguars among others.
plunge pool of nearly 500 feet. Angel Falls is also a part
of the top 10 most beautiful waterfalls in the world
with Iguazu Falls in Argentina and Zimbabwe’s Victoria PICO BOLIVAR
Falls as stated by Rastogi (2019).
According to Bratfeldt (2010), Salto Angel was first
discovered back in the mid-20th century by a US pilot
named Jimmy Angel while in search for the legendary
McCracken River of Gold or better known as the Golden
© JOSE ARMAS
City.
The waterfall is located in the fascinating world of AMAZON RAINFOREST
Canaima National Park, a perfect mix of fantasy and
reality, shaped by the majestic Tepuy mountains,
countless rivers, lakes, waterfalls, forests and savannahs
stretched out like a green sea. This natural wonder of
Venezuela, while being a very iconic stature of tourist
attraction, is also the most difficult to visit. The waterfall is
© JENNIFER LEMAN
surrounded by a very dense jungle with difficult terrains,
along with a symphony of wild troupial song-birds and
other wild animals. While trails have been made to the ISLA MAGARITA
best way to view the waterfall is by plane. The area is also
home to a tribe of indigenous people who are native to
these lands.

LAND OF © LJPROMO HOTELS

Christopher Columbus was correct for the nickname “The

GRACE Land of Grace” for Venezuela as it truly defines for what it is.
Angel Falls is one of the many examples of god’s blessing to
the beautiful country of Venezuela. Not only is Salto Angel a
natural wonder of Venezuela but it is also a testimony to the
AS MENTIONED BY CAMPOS (2000), “THE LAND OF beauty and wonder that god has spread all over this
GRACE” WAS A NICKNAME GIVEN TO VENEZUELA BY magnificent country. If you are planning to pay a visit to the
CHRISTOPHER COLUMBUS - A FAMOUS EUROPEAN many countries in South America be sure to stop by
EXPLORER DURING HIS VOYAGE AROUND THE Venezuela to enjoy a wonderful time that mother nature
WORLD. has to offer.

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METÁFORAS CULTURALES | PERU

CITY OF KINGS
T H I N G S N O B O D Y M E N T I O N S A B O U T P E R U

THE SPLASH OF ART | THE DIVING WHALES

Words by Siti Nur Raihan Mohd Mahlil

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 JULY 2020

HAVE YOU EVER WONDERED WHAT MAKES PERU

‘LOS NÚMERO EXTRAORDINARIO’ TO SOME PEOPLE?
Did you know that a few elements in Peru symbolize its culture?
You did not know? That is cool because you are in for a treat! Now, let me
bring you to the wonderful nature of Peru as well as the Peruvians that not
everyone knows! These hidden gems will take the wind out of your sails and
you might feel the fire in your belly to explore Peru. And guess what? You
might put Peru on your wish list too. I can assure you that. So, are you ready?

HERE WE GO!

ARE YOU INTO ART?
If yes, you are a way to go as art is highly
regarded among Peruvians as the colour
spills reveal their openness as well as their
cultures. As an illustration, let’s take a look at
the art painted by Pia Ludena Gutierrez,
Moche Authority that brings the light of the
natural strength of Peruvian women. She
used a bold palette in acrylic oil and stressing
the strokes and tonalities that emphasized
the spirit of a warrior.
YOU ARE WHAT YOU WEAR (LEARNVEST, 2011).
I believe this phrase might be common for
some people. Peruvians believe that every
clothing they wear showcases their
personalities and it is the reason why they
are very particular in designing clothes.
Mario Ballena, a grey cotton t-shirt and
Macaron Ballena, a crow-neck cotton
sweatshirt designed by a Peruvian designer
that is widely known in Peru carried hidden
meanings behind it.

You might be fascinated to discover the art
shaded by Betsabe Chiara Vargas too, the
New Map of Lima that portrayed the
reinterpretation of the Peruvian capital,
Lima through the serigraphy.
Abyss by Roberto Caceres Iudena is not an
art that should be overlooked. He abstracted
the figures of a truck that has been followed
by a teacher and his pupil on a canvas. The
abstract is to show that in every journey of
learning, there will be circumstances that we
need to hurdle to achieve our goals and there
will always be thick and thin throughout the
journey that made people grow stronger day
by day. This shows that Peruvians are not a
community that easily gives up.
The whales on Mario Ballena symbolize the
power over the water. Besides that, the
whales also denote cosmic waters as they are
able to navigate and communicate. Not only
that, but the whales also symbolize safety,
emotions, sensitivity, consciousness and
nature of Peruvians.
As interesting as Mario Ballena, Macaron
Ballena represents the ocean and the whales
on it are signified as totems. Why did they
choose ocean instead of other water features?
This is because according to Peruvians, the
ocean is related to emotions and feelings and
it often symbolizes metaphorically in many
forms of art specifically in painting and
literature.

ARE YOU ALREADY OVERWHELMED WITH THE SO, DO YOUR GARMENTS IN YOUR CLOSET
HIDDEN MEANING OF THE ARTS? DEFINE YOU?

It is interesting to know that our surroundings are a path way

to our soul! Do your surroundings metaphorically show you
something that you never knew about yourself?
Think about it, as we may be able to relate to the Peruvian
metaphors after all.

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NORMAS Y
CREENCIAS
-NORMS & BELIEFS-
NORMAS Y CREENCIAS | COLOMBIA
GET TO KNOW
COLOMBIANS 101
BY SHAHIDA IRAWAN | PHOTOS BY GOOGLE
Have you been to Colombia? Do you know
that most of them are affiliated to
Catholicism? Despite Roman Catholicism
being the main religion, Colombians also
believe in the freedom of worship so do not
worry about being discriminated against
because of religion. Other minority religions
include Judaism, Islam, Taoism and more
(Sawe, 2018). Before we dive deeper into the
do’s and don’ts in Colombia, let’s take a trip
down memory lane and revisit the times
when Roman Catholicism was first
introduced to them. Influenced by Spanish
colonialists, a process of conversion among
the Indians was started by them in the
sixteenth century where the Catholic
Church destroyed most of the religious
customs and indigenous rituals.
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Any subject accused of heresy were summoned
using torture and had their properties
confiscated by the Inquisition. The constitution
then declared all religions equal in 1991,
stripping off Roman Catholicism from the
official religion of Colombia. However, it
continues to have a significant effect on
Colombians until today! The church in fact has
an influence on political, economical and social
aspects which makes the Pope the ultimate
source of advice and leadership.
“Porque dios quiere”
A common expression for all Catholic-raised in
Colombia, where they believe that something
happens “because God wants it”. This idea has
somehow remained a source of comfort,
knowing that it gives them a ‘moral order’. The
influence of Catholicism is even more visible
through their communication, where the
phrases used on a daily basis are as follows: “Dios
te bendiga” (God bless you), “Gracias a dios”
(thank God) and “Si dios quiere” (God willing)
(Evason, 2018). The next time you interact with a
Colombian, try and see if it’s true!
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Just like any other country with a hierarchical society, great respect is shown
to the elderly because they are deemed as wise and ones with huge
responsibility. This explains why Colombians see them as decision makers
because they are more reliable and trustworthy. In fact, children are
nurtured very carefully and raised by their parents to respect the elderly, and
not to forget their very own being.

You can never be overdressed in Colombia! They take pride in being put together
and looking decent. In fact, you can be considered rude showing up to the club or
restaurant in shorts or flip flops (Bell, 2017). It is very important to choose the right
outfit for specific occasions because Kamand Kajouri once said “the way you dress is
how you greet the sun and other stars”. So be sure to put some effort the next time
you’re planning on going clubbing or eating out in Colombia!

The last thing you would want to do is making jokes about cocaine
or illicit drugs as it is generally a taboo topic. This topic did nothing
good except hurting and causing suffering to most Colombians
considering some of them are involved in such activity, even worse,
affected by drug cartel violence. They especially hate being
stereotyped as ‘narcotraficantes’ (drug traffickers).

You might not want to plug this into your head if you were to
attend any Colombia events or parties because even if your skill is
rusty, you still need to get on that dance floor. Not all Colombians
can strut their stuff of course, but this is a must in their culture
and it is not just the done thing to turn down anyone who invites
you to dance (Bell, 2019). So, get your limbs all warmed up and
enjoy the moment!

Now that you are equipped with handful knowledge of the

beautiful Colombia, get ready to pack your bag and
experience their amazing culture!

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NORMAS Y CREENCIAS | CHILE

A LONELY
TOWN IN CHILE
BY NUR IDAYU AFIEZA

“Religion has played a large role in defining social and political life."

Yes, it’s undeniable that Chileans are devout powerful curses. What an uncanny yet
Catholics since a large majority of Chileans interesting ability! Yet even more horrific are
are affiliated with the Roman Catholic the wretched creatures who were forced to
Church – even abortions and divorces are protect the witches' caves, which the form
illegal because of the influence of the Church will be distorted, called the Invunche or
until 2004. But, there is another thing that Imbunche. According to folklore, whenever
still prevails until today – the terrifying they needed a new Imbunche they would steal
legend of Chile’s most haunted Island, a boy aged six months to a year old. They
Chiloe. Let's feel the goosebumps sensation were usually purchased or stolen by the
together! Brujos then mutilated to serve their needs.

On a cold day, with the fog setting in, moving Their arms, legs, hands, and feet will be
slowly through the tiny towns on the Chiloe disjoint and their head will be twisted with a
Islands, it almost feels like we have stepped tourniquet over their back so that they would
back in time and lived within the pages of an walk on two hands and one foot. Such bizarre
ancient tale. With the old wooden churches, cruelty! Then, the child will be laid on a
tiny towns which feel far aloof from the rest work-bench under the full moon and their
of the globe, also an area that welcomes just a tongues were sliced with a knife to look like a
small number of visitors every year. sort of serpent, rendering them entirely
unable to speak other than a series of guttural
Brujos is known as one of the most famous grunts. Imbunches spend their whole lives
Chilot mythology. Brujos is a secret group of watching and guarding over the cave. To add
male witches who lived in caves and terrified salt to the wound, they were permitted to eat
the townsfolk for their own excitement - they the raw human flesh that was brought by
literally exist to hurt people. Their group is their masters from the cemetery only when
called La Recta Provincia (The Righteous they were allowed.
Province). The Brujos are said to have been
living in the region since the Spanish ruling, The Brujos also have La Voladora, the one
but it wasn’t until the year 1880 that the who has the ability to fly - serve as the spies
nationwide witch hunts discovered the and messengers of the group. La Voladora is
gruesome details of their practice. also known as one of Chileans famous
mythical creatures. They usually picked
The Brujos had an extreme initiation female relatives from a member of the coven
ceremony due to their rejection of Spanish to be La Voladora. In order to turn them into
Catholicism which involved de-baptizing black birds, they were forced to drink poison
themselves in the waterfall for 40 days before that contained wolf-oil and the juice of the
they carried out an agreement with the devil. natri (a fruit from Chiloe) which made them
Ever wonder how having a pact with the devil vomit or spew up their organs, eventually
feels like? Creepy. After that, they were transforming into a large black long-legged
forced to slaughter someone close to them messenger bird. Some older Chilots still
(eg: family members) and use their skins to believe black birds bring bad luck, a
sew and turn them into a bag for their own superstition that has persisted through the
spellbook. The spellbook gave them the ages.
ability to shapeshift into animals or cast
@ CULTURAL TRIP

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 JULY 2020

NORMAS EN CHILE

SIPO?
Most Chileans speak according to their
own desire. Even people who find
themselves fluent in Spanish will most
certainly be left baffled once they
arrive in the country. This happens
because of their lack of clear
pronunciation and speed of speech.
One of them is ‘-po’ which will
virtually be added to the end of every
word. It can either be used for
emphasising something or just because
they feel like it. For example, sipo
(yes), nopo (no) or even Miercoles’po
(Wednesday).

HOLY BREAD
Since Chileans are the second biggest
consumers of bread in the world, of
course they will have their own
favourite bread, which is the popular
@ ECOCHILE marraqueta loaves. Marraqueta is
considered as a holy bread as for them
“to be born with a marraqueta under
one’s arm’ means that a child’s future
is assured.” They also have the habit of
having elevenses, ‘tomar la once’ every
evening - it’s like a tea time
accompanied with bread or toast and
will be paired with avocado or
marmalade.

CHILLI IN CHILE
It's all about chilli in Chile! Chileans
love extra kicks of spiciness and
hotness in their food. They will either
add pebre (chilli salsa) or chimichurri
(vinegar and parsley sauce) on their
breads making it as sandwiches. Putting
a little of ají (red chilli) or merken
(smoked chilli pepper) in their cooking
is also one of their norms. Once all the
necessary key ingredients have been
added in the food, it will definitely
burst our taste bud. This is only safe
for people who love and can only
tolerate spicy foods!

@ DAVID LANSING

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NORMAS Y CREENCIAS | VENEZUELA

©
GODDESS OF MOTION
WORDPRESS

MARIA LIONZA
BY SHARIFAH ZULKIFLI

Maria Lionza is one of Venezuela’s most commonly known and influential divinities and the subject of a
major religious cult. Maria Lionza is known as The Goddess of Motion. According to Canals (2017), the
goddess itself is the forest and body. This practice of worshiping Maria Lionza is a kind of shamanism with
roots that was influenced originally from Venezuela. The members or those who typically enter the states
where spirits that are in transit from one life to the next are said to take possession of their bodies to provide
advice and guidance to those who are seeking assistance. The history of Maria Lionza began during the end
of the 15th century, Maria Lionza who lived on the Sorte Mountains after her father who is an Indian chief
sent her there for security. One day while she was staring into a river, a giant anaconda tried to attack and
eat her. Based on what was reported, she asked a help from the mountain and the mountain agreed. Thus,
Maria Lionza disintegrated and merged with the mountain of Sorte. Maria Lionza is also known as Yara. She
is an indigenous woman with pale skin, a pair of green eyes and always surrounded by animals. The author
also mentioned, the main figure of the cult represents a complete syncretism between the Virgin Mary’s
Roman Catholic figure and an ancient nature goddess called Yara. Traditional curing practices in Venezuela
where Catholicism is the dominant religion had been banned until the 1960s. However, current legislation
are protecting those religious group.

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© GOOGLE
HOW TO BE A VENEZUELAN
"EVERY COUNTRY HAS INTERESTING NORMS THAT
PEOPLE PRACTICE. NORMS ARE CREATED TO MAKE
PEOPLE LIVE IN A PERFECT LIFE"
In Venezuela, greeting, eating
and gestures are the most
common norms which
Venezuelans usually practise in
their daily life.
BEING FIRM
According to Arbor (2019), a firm
© GOOGLE
handshake is a habitual greeting
and parting gesture whether it
is among acquittances or
strangers especially for men.
While for women on the other
hand, they tend to exchange
greeting and parting kisses on
the cheeks regardless of gender.
People in Venezuela usually sit
closer to each other especially
when they are communicating
and backing away is usually
inappropriate.
©  NBC NEWS - 2 0 -
JULY 2020
© OUR FLORIDA DREAM
"MANNERS MAKETH MEN"
Other than greetings, people in
Venezuela really enjoy themselves
by paying a visit to friends’ and
relatives’ houses. Closer friends
are the most welcomed people to
come to the house. Providing
refreshments such as a cup of
coffee and fresh juice to their
guests at home is considered a
must while for business partners
and other guests are invited to
dine in a luxury restaurant. All
business matters are to be
preceded in polite manners.
Norms in Venezuela are really
interesting even though it seems
to be the same as other countries.
People in Venezuela respect to
each other especially when they
are communicating to others.
Norms are created to make
people live happily by respecting
each other.
NORMAS Y CREENCIAS | PERU

BY AFIDATUL AQMA | PHOTO FROM GOOGLE

Every country have their own beliefs, it

is the same case for Peru. Did you
know that most Peruvians are
Catholics? Yes, as mentioned by
Fracolli (2020), 80 percent of Peruvians
are identified as Catholics, as
Catholicism is the predominant
religion in Peru.

Most of the cultures in Peru are

influenced by Catholicism where
people put a very high value on the
ideals of Catholics and use religion as
a guide in their daily life, education
system, and also for their government
circumstances.

In Peru, it is easy for you to find Roman

Catholic churches everywhere across
the country. If you are a catholic, don’t
worry about finding a place to pray in
Peru. It is everywhere here!

Peruvians also believe in freedom of

religion where everyone has the right
to adhere to their own religion.

The Cathedral of Lima in Plaza de Armas, Peru. - 2 1 -


Traveling to Peru is the right idea as this
country is known as its rich culture. The
uniqueness of this country’s cultures will
make you fall in love with this country! One
of the uniqueness is their norms. Let’s take
a look!
Did you know that greetings in Peru are essential?
The greetings in Peru are more common than any
people in any other countries. It is surely important
for them. Most of the countries have their own style of
greetings but here in Peru, it is a bit different. Why is
it different? This is because greetings in Peru are
different for men, women, family, and friends.
According to Fracolli (2020), in Peru, when men greet
each other, they normally shake hands with direct
eye contact and if they are close, they will engage in a
hearty one-armed hug accompanied by a pat on the
back. Meanwhile women, on their first meeting, they
will do a light handshake with a slight nod and warm
smile. If the woman is with friends or family no
matter female or male, they will kiss each other on
the cheek with a warm hug.
- 2 2
JULY 2020
These physical gestures usually come with the phrase “
hola”, “cómo estás”  which refers to "how are you" and
“qué tal?  “ that means "how is it going". When you are
traveling to Peru, don’t forget to greet them and say
“hola!”
Peruvians put very high value on work. Most of them
work in the agriculture sector. According to Scroope
(2018), it is a norm in Peru that men hold the
responsibility to work and support their family financially
and they are expected to be masculine and dominant.
Peruvians believe that women are the main providers of
care and most of them do not work and stay at home
raising children while managing the household. This
norm is a dime a dozen in most of the countries too,
right?
In Peru, gift-giving is a very big deal in gatherings.
Peruvians really love gifts! If you are invited to one of the
Peruvian homes, you need to bring a gift such as flowers,
wine, imported liquor, or chocolate. It is considered
inappropriate if you do not bring any gift for them.
Peruvians believe that the gifts should be wrapped nicely
and most of the time, they will open the gift right away
in front of you. It is better for you to prepare the best gift
for the Peruvians!
BY AFIDATUL AQMA | PHOTO FROM GOOGLE
-
LA COMIDAS
-FOOD & LIFESTYLE-
LA COMIDAS | COLOMBIA

HEADS OVER
MEALS!
by Nur Syafiqah Amanie
What is more exciting than indulging your palates
with new flavours as you travel? It is surely an
adventure that one would definitely enjoy –
devouring foods that you can hardly pronounce,
tasting the all new tangy flavours that hits at the
right spot, savouring all the new flavours that has
never before been introduced to your palates and
possibly experiencing the aftermath of the
fulfilling taste of perfection in your tummy.
However, there is not much pomposity regarding
the Colombian foods as it may or may not have
been exposed to the other parts of the world.
Believe it or not, Colombian spread is filled with
foods ranging from all types of flavours, so
diverse that with only one bite would surely make
your tongue dance.
Without further ado, let’s dive into the menu.
- 2 5 -

Buñuelos
Buñuelos is one of the most popular street
foods and can be found in many south
American countries. These famous fried ball-
shaped fritters are normally eaten as a snack;
the taste of sweet and savouriness dancing
in your mouth the moment you take the first
bite. Buñuelos can be found filled with white
cheese, however, the Colombian version is
fairly plain and sprinkled with powdered sugar.
Try it once and you'll be hooked!
Bandeja Paisa
This is probably one of the most famous
dishes of all Colombia. Labelled as the
Colombian National Dish, it is a wonderful
mix of fried pork rind with chorizo
sausage and grilled steak at the side, all
of these are topped with a fried egg. Not
only that, it is also served with fried
plantain as well as a sliced avocado – all
on one big plate! Finish the whole plate
and it is guaranteed that it will leave you
full for hours!
Arepa
Arepa is considered as the main staple
food of the Paisas. To say the least, there
is nothing more Colombian than the
arepa. Arepa is a circular flatbread that is
made from fresh cornmeal – usually
eaten with butter and cheese as
toppings. At times, they are also eaten
with piles of meat and vegetables. So
many flavours, so delicious!
- 2 6 -
JULY 2020
THE COLOMBIAN
STYLE!
What are the Colombian people
like? It is surely intriguing to know
how their lifestyle are after
learning about those delicious
foods owned by the Colombians.
There’s only one word that can be
used to describe these lovely
fellows, and that is unique!
Joy and optimism.
According to a survey that has
been conducted annually by Gallup,
WIN and the Consulting Centre,
Colombia has been recorded as
the second happiest country in the
world, surpassed by the Fiji Islands
ever so slightly! Colombians are
known for being determined and
optimistic, their characters are
filled with hope and positive. This
can be one of the reasons why the
Colombians are appealing to many,
making visitors fall in love with
country.
Colombian’s Music
Their music is one of the factors
that made people from abroad
adore the Colombians. We might
have heard their traditional music
such as salsa and cumbia, it is
safe to say that these genres are
part of Colombia’s cultural DNA
that would always capture the
hearts of every tourists and
visitors. Its rhythmic diversity is
believed to reflect Colombia’s
cultural richness so lift your spirits
and do the samba to take in the
Colombian charm!
 Chilean Heaven
LA COMIDAS | CHILE

a little slice of

BY SOFIYA QISTINA YIN BINTI IZHAR

Heaven. A place of complete bliss. The never In Chile, food would vary since it depends on
ending happiness and the feeling of something where you are. This is because, according to the
that is pleasurable and delightful. In life, food article of ‘Food and Cuisine in Chile’, the country
makes you feel happy as a wave that dances on itself is climatic and ecological diversity, thus,
the sea and people would define food as the variety of food awaits you.
heaven of life.
Cut the chase and enjoy the scrumptiousness!
“Comida tipica” or typical dishes that are most
popular in Chile are Pastel de choclo, Caldilo de
Congrio, and Curanto.

Pastel de choclo
It is originally made from ground corn or ‘choclo’
and it is mixed with chicken, beef, a little bit of
onions, spices, and black olives. The interesting part
is that, it is also mixed with some pieces of a hard
boiled egg and when it is baked from ‘paila’, which
is an earthenware bowl, it will be covered with
crusted corn dough.

Caldilo de Congrio
Pablo Neruda, the Nobel Prize winner, has
immortalized this dish in his ‘Oda al Caldilo de
Cangrio’. In the Chilean coast, it is known as a classic
soup since it is made with ingredients like conger
which is known as a type of eel, cilantro, onion, garlic
and potato and it is served with fried conger or
marinated boiled.
- 2 7 -
 JULY 2020

Curanto
The oldest food to ever exist in the
world! Archaeologists say that they
have found a ‘curanto’, located in
Puento Quilo, which dates back 6,000
years. This dish is famous in the south of
Chile and it is known as the traditional food of
the Chilean, in Chiloe Archipelago. ‘Chapaleles’
which is made with boiled potato and flour is a
kind of dumpling. This unique dumpling is
mixed together with potatoes, fish, chorizo,
vegetables, shellfish and cuts of beef to make
this dish, ‘Curanto’.

 
To cook this dish traditionally, the people there
used to cook it in a stone oven which is a one
and a half meter deep underground. Before it’s
heated, the bottom will be covered with stones
and by the time it reaches a certain
temperature, all the ingredients will be
wrapped with ‘nalca’ leaves and it will be left One cannot think well, love well,
for 1 to 2 hours. Now, however, since it is the 21st sleep well, if one has not dined
century, ‘Curanto’ is cooked in a large stew pot
and grilled using a pressure cooker.
well.
(WOLF, 1929, P. 34)

Before you start enjoying the

food, make sure to know the do’s
and don’ts of dining in Chile.
According to the article of
‘People: Culture and Lifestyle’, the
Chileans will chatter freely at the
dining table. They eat in a
multicultural style by using fork
with their left hand and knife on
the right. While eating, they will
make sure to put both hands
above the table and if they finish
early, they have to stay and make
conversations with the people
there. This is because, for them,
it’s impolite to leave their families
or friends there without their
presence while dining in.

- 2 8 -
LA COMIDAS | VENEZUELA JULY 2020

Pabellón Criollo:
The National Dish.

REASONS VENEZUELANS SAID

DAME MAS!
By Arisha Affindi
Photographs by Jeremy Thompson

Venezuela is famous for a lot of things, dominating the media lately, the locals had

besides its breathtaking countryside, it is to improvise the preparation of their

also cherished for its tantalizing cuisine. traditional dishes to suit their price and the

Most dishes depict West African, Spanish affordability of the consumers. Afraid not!

and Native American cultures giving them The traditional taste of the foods still

those exceptionally unique and yummy remained and probably enhanced by the

flavours. Simple ingredients like black locals' creativity. The foods can be

beans, meat, and corn explain the prices of prepared at home too during this

their street food which is cheap and quarantine season. Try not to drool while

affordable for tourists. Considering the looking at some Venezuelan’s best street

current situation in Venezuela that has been foods and drinks!

NOMADIC | 24

- 2 9 -
 JULY 2020

"IN EVERY CITY IN VENEZUELA,

THERE ARE SEVERAL ‘’HUNGRY
STREETS’’ WHERE IT’S FULL OF FOOD
TRUCKS SELLING STREET FOOD OF
EVERY KIND."
NESTOR OLIVARES HEREDIA, 2019

Arepas:
The Ultimate Mini Pitas. Arepa’s bread is made of corn flour that can be grilled, fried or

baked into a flat and round patty. It is stuffed with a diversity of

ingredients, depending on the creativity of the chef. Some of the

popular fillings are scrambled eggs, seasoned meat and even

black beans with cheese. Reina Pepiada is the name of one of the

famous arepa which is stuffed with a concoction of avocados and

mayonnaise. Grab yours at the nearest food hawker when you pay

Venezuela a visit!

Tizana:
The Famous Fruit Punch.
It is summer and hot in Venezuela with the average temperature

of 30 ℃ . Why don’t you head downtown to get yourself

Venezuelan’s refreshing juice called Tizana? Made of juice and

tons of various fruits and grenadine, this drink can quench your

thirst while strolling around their friendly town! To make it even

better in taste, you can pour a tiny bit of gin or rum. There, you

just got yourself a perfect Venezuelan cocktail. Marriage made in

heaven!

Cachitos:
Venezuela croissants Cachitos are crispy crescent-shaped bread rolls stuffed with ham

and cheese, making them the perfect breakfast to eat on a busy

morning. Inside, Cachitos are soft and fluffy. Every bite gets

through easily to the tasty stuffing. For those who did not notice,

Venezuela croissant recipe is influenced by a touch of French

twist.

Pabellón Criollo:
The National Dish.
Every culture has their own national dish. In Venezuela, Pabellón

Criollo is the best out of other best cuisines. It comprises spicy

rice, black beans and juicy beef with fried egg on top of it.

Sometimes it is served with some grated white cheese and slices

of avocados on the side.

As exotic as it can be, Venezuela’s foods are scrumptious and incredibly varied with ingredients. They can

easily be found at their open-air markets in most cities. Don’t forget to try them all food lovers, you’ll

definitely go bananas on them!

- 3 0 -
LA COMIDAS | PERU
THE TASTE OF PERUVIANS
by Amirah Kamaruddin
Peruvian gastronomy is obviously one of a kind
when it comes to its internationally recognized
cuisine – a great fusion of all cultures around the
globe, into one specifically made for you on a
plate.
- 3 1
Never mind the ruins of the Inca or the beauty of
the Andes; they both can wait for your arrival but
the call to gastronomy – this won’t wait. So,
without further ado, let’s explore THE TASTE OF
PERUVIANS; a great way to explore how it feels
like to be a Peruvian – where food matters
CEVICHE
The fresh produce market, located in Surquillo
neighbourhood of Lima is certainly a popular
place to hit if you are opting for a quality
Ceviche, at a budget price according to
peruhop.com. Famously known as one of
Peru’s signature dishes – this scrumptious
meal is made out of the freshest fish you can
imagine! Just walk straight into the compound
and be mesmerized by countless colourful
stalls that are occupied with different goods
for sale and their warm sellers.
But don’t forget!
Follow your nose
It will always take you to the best places it
knows – the stalls where only good Ceviche
are served at affordable prices! Enjoy your
taste of authentic Peruvian’s Ceviche while
sitting on a stool watching local housewives
and sous-chefs rubbing their shoulders, as
they lock their eyes upon the freshest
ingredients they can to make that day’s lunch
or just recreating something new from the
menu!
-
 JULY 2020

LOMO SALTADO
If you are after a more authentic flavour, perhaps
Lomo Saltado could be your top choice. A
scrumptious alpaca meat (Yes, you heard us) is stir
fried in Chinese and classic Peruvian style. Cicciolina
is certainly the right place to go if you want to have a
taste of the famous Andean cuisine of Peru!

ANTICHUCO
Strolling down the streets of Lima, you might not want to miss
this essential cuisine of Peru. Antichuco can be found in
almost every part of Peru but the best one is served only in
Tio Mario’s, a restaurant built in the beautiful district of
Barranco. Basically a bayonetted cow heart infused in vinegar
and seasonings, this simple dish is believed to be originated
from the Incas and current listed as one of the must eat food
if you are in Peru!

ROCOTO RELLENO
Often described as the hottest dish of the Peruvian’s
cuisine, this Rocotto Relleno is made out of red aji
Rocotto chillies. First bite might leave you speechless
(it’s 10 times hotter than a Jalapeno) and to spicy food
eaters; this might be the thing you would like to taste!
Ary Quepay offers Rocoto Relleno at an affordable price
so don’t forget to try it!

CAUSA A LA LIMEÑA
Popular among people from different walks of life, Causa is made
entirely out of cold potato and mixed with other ingredients to
enhance the taste. The best taste of this dish can be found in
Dolce Vita. This dish is barely spicy, unlike other Peruvian’s
dishes and is served as a side dish of a meal

- 3 2 -
FESTIVALES Y
TRADICIONES
-FESTIVALS & TRADITIONS-
FESTIVALES Y TRADICIONES | COLOMBIA

- 3 5 -
 JULY 2020

Damned by God to eternal hell and the scourge who has
sworn to bring chaos and destruction to humankind until the
Judgement Day. In other words, the Devil is the synonymy of
evil. The thought of worshiping or celebrating the Devil is
enough to put a frown on the faces of God-fearing people.
However, that’s not the case in a quaint Colombian town
called Riosucio where the inhabitants are raised in strong
Catholic households.  El Carnaval del Diablo  or the Devil’s
festival is one of the most traditional festivals in Colombia.
Hundreds and thousands of tourists flock to Riosucio every
two years to witness the colourful Colombian folk culture,
and of course, to meet the Devil himself.
Carnaval del Diablo is no doubt the
perfect metaphor of Riosucio.
THE DEVIL
The origin of the festival began in 1819 in Riosucio where
two antagonistic communities which are the indigenous
people of San Lorenzo and Quiebralomo’s African
descent community had a rivalry. It ended with a treaty
offered by two priests José Ramón Bueno and José
Bonifacio Bonafont which took place at  Street del
Comercio, advising both communities to unite and live in
peace otherwise they would have to face punishment
from the Devil himself for failing to fulfill such a divine
call. In 1915, the Devil was considered as the effigy of the
celebration. Today, it has become a part of Riosucio’s folk
culture and entertainment. Modern-day Riosucio
comprises indigenous reservations namely  Cañamomo y
Lomaprieta.  It is also a melting pot of culture as it has
influences from African, Spanish as well as indigenous
traditions and customs. 

©
Stephen Cohen
©
Stephen Cohen

Dance,music, booze,
and...correlajas? To
What’s a celebration without food and music? The festival starts with a experience Carnaval del
parade where the  cuadrillas, a group of people wearing bright and colourful
costumes would walk through the streets of Riosucio exchanging humorous Diablo as a tourist, make
critiques which is part of the festival’s rituals, followed by singing and dancing sure to book
by various mariachi bands as well as theatrical performances. This is known as
‘The Decree’ which is the first stage of the event. Guests of Riosucio will never your stay at Riosucio for at
go hungry amid having fun in the festival since the streets would be occupied least a week or consider
with vendors serving the best Spanish food and beverages such as chorizo
and guarapo. If you ever spot a real life bull in Carnaval del Diablo, do not be
setting a campsite since
surprised!   When there is Carnaval del Diablo, there's correlajas or bull- the festival would drag on
running.  The first thought that probably came into tourists’ minds is
for six days!
bullfighting just like in Spain but correlajas is different as it does not have an
official matador. The good news is, no bulls are harmed in this event so it is
definitely a family-friendly event to enjoy with friends and families.
- 3 6 -
FESTIVALES Y TRADICIONES | CHILE

frisk!
amigo,frisk! BY NURFARAH AIN NABILA BINTI SHAHRUNIZAM

Partly history and myth, the origin of this festival begins in the 1950s. Ñusta Huillac,
who was an indigenous Incan princess, rebelled against the European conquerors and
then took refuge near Iquique in an oasis. Known for her ferocious character and
enslaving ways, any Europeans or Christians who trespassed will face the onslaught of
her tyranny. Hence, her name La Tirana which means ‘the tyrant’.

It all started when Ñusta Huillac fell in love with one of her Portuguese prisoners -
Vasco de Almeyda, an adventurous miner who was looking for the chimera. Ñusta let
herself get carried away and delayed the time to prosecute Vasco. Being smart, Vasco
took the advantage to teach her the Catholic notion and eventually
baptized her. Feeling betrayed and furious by the princess's
actions, her subordinates then killed Ñusta Huillac and her
lover, Vasco de Almeyda.

A tiny town in Chile, up at the north nearing the border of

Bolivia and Peru, there lies La Tirana. This town unravels
into a festival and campsites that receive over 200,000
pilgrims and visitors every year on July 16th. A church was
built to commemorate the event that brought down the indigenous
princess, Ñusta Huillac. But today, this haunting town has become
a place of worship for thousands of believers and tourists!

“This Catholic celebration brings together Catholic and Andean

symbology in a joyous, whirling, twirling, jumping, musical
celebration of faith.” Ellen Smith

La Tirana festival is a unique fusion of indigenous

customs and Catholic traditions to revere the Virgin
Mary as the Patron Saint of Chile. The dances
performed by diverse groups called bailes is an
essential part of this festival. The bailes hold
performances to greet the statue, Virgen del Carmen
or the locals call her by the name ‘La Chinita’.

© pngjoy.com

- 3 7 -
 JULY 2020

Though this festival is rooted back to

Christianity, the energetic dance  and lively
costumes are dated back to the pre-Hispanic
era.  Gear yourself up and we shall rock this
dance!

Diabladas
Being one of the most ancient dances, this
dance is put on by male dancers in fearsome
evil masks. It denotes the struggle between
good and evil as the female dancers
flirtatiously place their hands on their hips.

© Leon Calquin

Gitano
This dance is the reminiscent of rituals of gypsy
groups in northern Chile where the ladies dance with
tambourines while men whip triangular handkerchiefs
across their shoulders and over their heads.

Antawara
© Pilar Vargas

The dancers are easy to recognize as they dance on

their tiptoes. As part of Inca ceremonies, this dance is
to show their respect to the cult of the Sun which
explains why the dancers throw their hands to the sky.

© bolivia.com
Kayahuallas
Since it is initially from Bolivia and Peru, this dance
entails with knees and toes being raised whilst holding
parasols. Male dancers wear monochrome trousers
embellished with glitter and a bib to form an X while
female dancers wear decorated shirts, felt hats, and skirts.

You can come to visit and witness the beauty of this rich
festival as it unwinds their culture through dancing. Psst,
wear thin and comfortable clothes as Chile is hot as
firecrackers.
© bolivia.com

- 3 8 -
FESTIVALES Y TRADICIONES | VENEZUELA

EL DIABLO
EL DIABLO BAILANDO
BAILANDO
DEVIL
DANCING DEVIL
THE DANCING
THE

" THE PARADE FROM HELL"

AMIRUL HAKIM | SAM
© PINTEREST
- 3 9 -
 JULY 2020
LIKE MANY
COUNTRIES IN THE
WORLD,
VENEZUELA IS RICH
IN EVERY SENSE OF
THE CULTURAL
ASPECT.

IF YOU ARE
INTERESTED IN GOING
SOMEWHERE FOR A
CULTURAL
EXPERIENCE, SURELY
ONE WOULD BROWSE
THROUGH THE
CALENDAR FOR THE
MOST EXCITING DATE
TO YOUR DESTINATION
OF CHOICE.
© VENEZUELA ANALYSIS

BELIEVE ME! HOW IT'S

Venezuela is the one country where you can
travel anytime you want. From January to
© VENEZUELA ANALYSIS
December, there are a plethora of festivals
awaiting all of you.
If you are one of the fans of the series ‘Casa de
Papel’, surely the ‘Dancing devils of Corpus Christi’
festival will be of interest to you. WHY? The
celebration speaks for itself as the parade itself is all
covered in RED., The red colour represents the
© WILDERUTOPIA Devil coming from Inferno and having fun with the
people in the parade. Every festival has its own
history but what makes ‘Dancing devils of Corpus
Christi’ famous is that it originated from the
combination of the African slaves and mixture of
Spanish rituals. It is said to honor the Africans who
were forcefully brought by their masters to utilize
them, breaking sweat onto the plantation.
© PINTEREST
This celebration begins with a meeting of the Devil
ACCORDING TO Dancer's Confraternity on the Wednesday, the day
ELTZ (1968), THE before Corpus Christi. Dancing devils assemble to
perform and celebrate rituals and services to
FESTIVAL IS
protect people and younglings against dark forces
HELD TO
or supernatural dark effects that join in the
COMMEMORATE procession. Dancers are referred to as "Promeseros"
because they make a promise to dance for a
THE WINNING OF number of years or a lifetime. Dancing encourages
GOOD them to thank THE LORD, for His favor, the cure of
a lengthy or uncommon illness of their family
DEFEATING member or the cure that places a person's future at
EVIL. risk
DONE
The streets are full of red extravagant dresses of
dancers, with accessories such as rosaries, crosses,
rosaries and, of course, crafted craft masks imitating
the devil when the sun comes up.
According to Eidt (2017), they perform everywhere,
being mischievous and dancing in the styles of
Venezuelan cuatro (small 4 string-like guitar), drums
and maracas. Those being in a devilish masks gather
before the church near midday. The spectacular
performance will be seen here. Devil dancers attempt
to invade the church and battle the guards in front of
the eager spectators.
Devils constantly strike, but they are repelled every
time. Finally, the devils retreat admitting defeat after a
series of unsuccessful relentlessly attacks and kneel
before the Eucharist as a symbol of respect and
obedience. This is the highlighted moment during the
entire festival, perfect for a happy ending.
Know, we're not safe from any twists and turns in life,
any country can be unpredictable. You never know
what's going to happen to you next. There's no poor
country or bad place, however. "Corpus Christi
Dancing Devils" is an art and can be another chapter in
your book of adventure. Pack your bags and set sail
because the haunting of Corpus Christi awaits you!

- 4 0 -
 FESTIVALES Y TRADICIONES | PERU

The Marinera
BY YASMIN

dance uses
YUSMAN

handkerchiefs
as props.
DESCENDANTS OF THE INCAS

FESTIVALS
Did you know that Peru celebrates over 3000
VIRGIN OF CANDELARIA FEAST
The Fiesta de la Candelaria is definitely one of
Peru’s most iconic festivals. It is also one of the
largest and famous festivals in South America.
festivals every year? Peru is sure one festive
This colourful and lively festival takes place for
country, don’t you think? Here, national
two weeks in January to pay homage to the
holidays, carnivals and local festivities are all
Virgin of Candelaria, the protector of Puno, the
major events, celebrated with openness and
town where the festival is held.
enthusiasm that will surely delight any
According to Darrah (2019), the origin of the
tourists. The country celebrates myriads of
fiesta can be linked back to Andean festivals of
incredible festivals and celebrations,
Pachamama. Music and dance are the centre
therefore, we have compiled a few of the
attraction of this festival with dance groups
country’s most famous festivals for you.
from multiple parts of Puno and the surrounding
communities wearing elaborate costumes to
participate in the performances.
MARINERA FESTIVAL
Known in Spanish as The Festival De
Marinera, this festival is celebrated in Trujillo. The Virgin Of
The city is the home of the Marinera dance, a Candelaria statue is
paraded on the main
graceful couple’s dance that uses street during the feast
handkerchiefs as props. This month-long
festival includes dance competitions,
parades and exhibitions of Peruvian Paso, a
horse breed recognized as part of the Trujillo
district's cultural heritage. However, the main
attraction of this festival is the dance
competition with dance partners from every
part of Peru competing to win the
distinguished contest. So if you like dancing
and a good time, this festival is definitely for
you!

- 4 1 -
 JULY 2020

Offerings such as
food and drinks
are given to the
Apus.

INTI RAYMI
The Inca Festival of The Sun is known for its
historical importance and authentic depiction of an
Inca rite. On every 24th of June, tourists gathered
around the Sacsayhuaman fortress in Cusco to
witness the ceremony that is meant to celebrate the
arrival of the Winter Solstice. Locals don the finest
Inca outfits and dance and chant to the God of Sun
for it to not vanish and for them not to starve.
Interesting, don’t you think?
There is also a ritual where offerings are made
towards high mountain peaks known as Apus, that is
believed to be the resting places of mighty spirits.
According to Fracolli (2020), offerings are made by
gathering food, drink, coca leaves and other types of
plants as a sign of gratitude.
All these festivals and rituals definitely make Peru
worth exploring don’t you think? Be sure to learn
more about the country and soak up as much of the

RITUALS
country as you can!

The rituals of modern Peruvians are closely linked to

the Inca's mythology. They believe that all life
originates from Pachamama, that is also known as
Mother Earth and once deceased, will return to her.
One of the few remaining rituals that are still
standing until today is the Pachamama rituals where
the people show their gratitude towards
Pachamama by making an offering. This offer is not
just a way to give back but also to ask for security,
healthy living and a way to remove negative energy.

Inti Raymi is held to

celebrate the Winter
Solstice arrival.

- 4 2 -
CUESTIONES
-ISSUES-
CUESTIONES | COLOMBIA

- 4 5 -
 JULY 2020

- 4 6 -
CUESTIONES | CHILE
"WAKE UP, CHILE!" LET THE VOICES BE HEARD!
"WAKE UP,
CHILE!"
These were the words chanted on
and on during the massive protest
in Chile. The people want equality,
the people demand change.
Where's the promise made?
What happened in Chile?
The protest began October last
year, where the initial protest was
against the increase of metro
fares (public transportation fares).
BY ANIS SOKI
It later developed into a series of
nationwide demonstrations,
demanding for equality in social
systems and better living cost
March 8, International Women’s
Day, also the day that all Chileans
went down to protest in an
attempt to demand their rights as
Chileans.
What rights are we talking about
here? The rights for better living
and equality in the social system.
Despite being the fastest growing
economy in this decade and able
to reduce the poverty
- 4 7 -
© NEW YORK TIMES
rate, inequality still exists. NBC
News (2020) reported that based
on a 2017 UN report, 33% of the
nation’s wealth goes to the
wealthiest 1% people in the
country, making Chile the most
unfair country in the OECD.
The wealth wasn’t distributed
evenly, an increase in the cost of
basic services yearly, even the
quality of the services depends on
the social status and how much
one earns. Students have this
huge growing debt on their backs
and the quality of public schools
and private schools seems to
show a major difference.

Along with the demands for cheaper
and better education and
healthcare, the people also demand
for the renewal of the constitution.
The protest had also shown an
outburst in violence from the
protest; therefore, the people also
want an end to it.
WHAT DO THE
PEOPLE HAVE
TO SAY?
According to NBC News, Huga
Rivera, a 17 year-old college
student, claimed that his
grandmother earn a minimum wage
less than $370, therefore, have
difficulties in paying bills and
obtaining medicines, despite the
promise made by the government to
increase the minimum wage.
Rivera claimed that, though their
demands are still unmet, as long as
this inequality exists, he will keep
fighting.
Poverty might no longer be a major
issue here in Chile, but the huge gap
between the working middle class
and the upper middle class has
always been a concern for
everyone. This protest was to show
that the Chileans have the power to
stand up and fight against the
system. They deserve the rights to
equality, they deserve the rights to
be heard. Chile is nothing without
them!
© 2019 GETTY IMAGES
- 4 8 -
JULY 2020
WHAT CAN WE
DO TO HELP?
So, what can we do to help our
brothers and sisters in Chile?
According to The Borgen Project
(2017), here are a few ways that we
can do to play our part as citizens
of the world.
EDUCATE
Very little number of Chileans can
actually speak English. In a global
changing world, the English
language has become one of the
main languages in the world. To
help improve the education quality
of the working middle class, you
can offer a little help to teach
English in Chile for 4 months
through The English Open Door
Program.
RAISE AWARENESS
Advocate, create, and spread
awareness through whatever
platforms you have. Many are
unaware of this issue. Help the
people to voice out their demands.
Remember, silence is ignorance.
Let’s all join hands in making the
world a better place for these
people!
© WASHINGTON TIMES
CUESTIONES | VENEZUELA

A GAME OF THRONES

© WIKIMEDIA © WIKIPEDIA

JUAN VS NICOLAS
GUAIDO MADURO
"WE WILL FIGHT "THE VENEZUELAN PEOPLE WILL
NEVER ABANDON THE IDEALS
BACK UNTIL WE PRESIDENT CHAVEZ GAVE US.
HAVE DEMOCRACY" MODESTLY, WE CONTRIBUTE TO
ENSURE THE STABILITY OF THE
REGION."
AJRUN AZIM
- 4 9 -

© FORTUNE
DING DING DING!
The bell rang as the two boxers returned to their
corners of the ring. At one end of the ring, you have
someone that’s huge, scary, and has great strength.
Meanwhile at the other corner of the ring you have a
person that is considered as an underdog, small, and
definitely less intimidating than his boxing
counterpart.This is a perfect example of what is
happening in Venezuela right now. Venezuela has two
politicians claiming themselves as the leader of the
country. Nicolás Maduro, the right-hand man and
predecessor to Venezuela’s ex-president Hugo Chávez,
is a man with great military influence and the sworn-in
president of Venezuela.
He is currently challenged by Juan Guaidó, the leader
of Venezuela’s National Assembly for the presidential
title. Juan Guaidó, a self-proclaimed president of
Venezuela has claimed that the re-election of Maduro
for president should be dismissed as the poll was rigged
and labelled Maduro as a “usurper” in 2018. This battle
for the presidential throne has been the root cause for
Venezuela’s falling economy and political crisis since
early of January 2019.
To add fuel to the fire, the economic crisis in
Venezuela reached its peak due to hyperinflation.
Political corruption, shortages in medical supplies which
lead to high mortality rates, and high dependence on oil
are other contributing factors to Venezuela’s crippling
economy. As a result, Venezuelans under Maduro’s
government are going through one of the world’s worst
socioeconomic collapse.
- 5 0
JULY 2020
Obviously, Venezuelans are not really happy with
their current situation as more than half of the
population is living below the poverty line. Some of
the problems go back in history but the anger and
frustrations are aimed at Maduro’s ruling
government. Due to hyperinflation, shortages of
necessities and supplies, the ‘fight or flight’ situation
has been triggered in most parts of Venezuelan.
Most Venezuelans have decided to leave their own
homeland and travel to neighbouring countries
such as Columbia, Brazil, Ecuador, Peru and Chile in
search for a better life. According to the figures
compiled by the United Nations (UN), an estimated
4.8 million Venezuelans has fled from their own
country since the crisis started to take a toll on
them in 2014.
To wrap things up, the crisis in Venezuela is still
yet to be solved as these two politicians continue to
butt heads against each other for the presidential
throne. The dispute between them has undoubtedly
caused great sufferings among the Venezuelans as
they are caught in the crossfire. This crisis not only
depicts a battle of power between two influential
men in a country but it also teaches us that the ones
who will suffer the most are the poor and needy as
they flee from their homes in search for better lives.
-
CUESTIONES | PERU

"Mas me pegas, mas te quiero."

T H E S I L E N T C R Y

Nurulhana Hady

- 5 1 -

Think about it.
What's wrong?
Did something happen?” I bet you’ve encountered these words
whenever your face shows signs of sadness or discomfort. Be it from
your best friend, your family, or even a stranger, there is always
someone who would pat you in the back and say, “It’s okay." Take a
minute and be grateful for how lucky you are because, for others, life is
not always, or even never, about rainbows and sunshine.
Violence is not an ‘alien’ subject among Peruvian women. Be it offensive
words or abusive treatments, these women had gone through it all.
Discriminations and lack of sympathy have led more than 60% of
Peruvian women, as mentioned by World Health Organization, to live
their lives thinking that this is how they’re meant to live. Sadly enough,
everyone knows about this barbaric treatment that has happened
since 2006.
It's a norm "Mas me pegas, mas te quiero."
Some women in Peru believe that being hit or getting a smack on the
face is a sign of love and care from their partner. The phrase “the more
you beat me, the more I love you” is like the highest degree of love that a
woman could ever receive from her partner, or so it is referred to, amor
Serrano.
What's worse, some of them even decided to put up with this domestic
abuse just because it seems 'normal' in their family. A woman in an
interview said that being hit is normal because growing up, she often
saw her mother being hit by her very own father.
"My name is Camila Canicoba,
and I represent the Department
of Lima. My figures are: 2, 202
cases of reported femicides in
the past nine years in my
country."
A beauty pageant contestant
from Lima shared brutal
statistics instead of her body
measurements
(The New York Times, 2017).
- 5 2
JULY 2020
So, if she gets married and happens to get beaten by her
husband, it is expected! The belief that has been embedded
in this woman's mind, which relates to other Peruvian
women as well, clearly shows how this savage stereotype
has set their life course to be undeniably despairing.
Uneducated Being treated unfairly and claims
that you deserve to be in such ways hurts every person.
Especially for someone who clearly deserves a better living.
Peruvian women think that all of these ridiculous acts of
violence that occur to them are their own fault and it is
because they are uneducated.
There was a study done by Princeton University which
stated the less education you have, the higher the chances
of you being domestically abused, and the Peruvians have
proved it right! It is worse for those in rural areas. They are
expected to stay silent, get their job done and if not, they
will get beaten, and the cycle keeps on going. Imagine how
scared and in pain they are; having to endure the
disturbing immoral treatment from the ones they know.
Worthy life The most devastating part of all is
the fact that their country doesn’t really care about it! 1,172
murder attempts were made against women, or known as
femicides, between 2010 and 2017.
Dejectedly enough, no protective measures were taken to
secure the survivors’ life. In the end, some of these poor
women were killed by the ones they sought protection.
Are their lives worthless that it wouldn’t even matter?
-
Reference
QUATTRO MARVILLA

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