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Engine Repair (A1) : M01 - HALD2866 - 03 - SE - ANS1.indd 1 05/01/19 10:09 AM
Engine Repair (A1) : M01 - HALD2866 - 03 - SE - ANS1.indd 1 05/01/19 10:09 AM
This ASE study guide for Engine Repair (A1) is divided into the sub-content areas that correlate to the actual ASE
certification test as follows:
The allocated time to take the Engine Repair Certification test is 75 minutes. ASE adds 10 additional questions to the test for re-
search purposes. These questions do not count toward your score, but they are embedded within the test and there is no way of
knowing which ones do not count. As a result, the technician needs to answer 60 questions in 75 minutes, or about one question
per minute.
If taking the recertification A1 test, there are just 25 questions with no additional research questions included. The time allo-
cated to take the recertification test is 30 minutes, which means about one minute per question.
Before trying to answer the questions and looking at the explanations, look over the following list of the content that ASE states
will be covered in the certification test. For best results using this study guide, check service information or consult an automotive
textbook for details on any of the content areas that are not familiar before trying to answer the questions. For additional informa-
tion about the ASE test, visit the website at www.ase.com.
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B. CYLINDER HEAD AND VALVE TRAIN DIAGNOSIS AND REPAIR (10 QUESTIONS)
1. Remove cylinder heads, disassemble, clean, and prepare for inspection.
2. Visually inspect cylinder heads for cracks, warpage, corrosion, leakage, and the condition of pas-
sages; determine needed repairs.
3. Inspect and repair damaged threads where allowed; install core and gallery plugs.
4. Inspect, test, and verify valve springs for squareness, pressure, and free height comparison; replace
as necessary.
5. Inspect valve spring retainers, rotators, locks/keepers, and lock grooves.
6. Replace valve stem seals.
7. Inspect valve guides for wear; check valve stem-to-guide clearance; determine needed repairs.
8. Inspect valves and valve seats; determine needed repairs.
9. Check valve spring installed (assembled) height and valve stem height; determined needed repairs.
10. Inspect pushrods, rocker arms, rocker arm pivots, and shafts for wear, bending, cracks, looseness,
and blocked oil passages; repair or replace as required.
11. Inspect and replace hydraulic or mechanical lifters/lash adjusters.
12. Adjust valves on engines with mechanical or hydraulic lifters.
13. Inspect and replace camshaft(s) (includes checking drive gear wear and backlash, end play, sprocket
and chain wear, overhead cam drive sprocket(s), drive belt(s), belt tension, tensioners, camshaft re-
luctor ring/tone-wheel, and variable valve timing components).
14. Inspect and measure camshaft journals and lobes; measure camshaft lift.
15. Inspect and measure camshaft bore for wear, damage, out-of-round, and alignment; determine needed
repairs.
16. Inspect valve timing; time camshaft(s) to crankshaft.
17. Inspect cylinder head mating surface condition and finish; reassemble and install gasket(s) and cylin-
der head(s); replace/torque bolts according to manufacturers’ procedures.
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3. Technician A says that a worn (stretched) timing chain and worn gears will cause the valve timing to
be retarded. Technician B says that if the timing chain slack is over ½ inch (13 mm), the timing chain
and gears should be replaced. Which technician is correct?
a. A only
b. B only
c. Both A and B
d. Neither A nor B
4. Leaking antifreeze can be what color?
a. Green
b. Orange
c. Red
d. Any of the above
5. An increase in oil viscosity can be due to ______________.
a. wear metals in the oil
b. fuel dilution of the oil
c. a clogged air filter
d. any of the above
6. Oil is discovered inside the air cleaner assembly. Technician A
says that the cause could be excessive blowby past the piston
rings. Technician B says that the cause could be a clogged PCV
valve, hose, or passage. Which technician is correct?
a. Technician A
b. Technician B
c. Both A and B
d. Neither A nor B
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rocker arm may be adjusted too loosely or may be worn. Which VALVE
technician is correct? CLEARANCE
a. A only
b. B only VALVE
c. Both A and B STEM
CAM VALVE
LOBE CLEARANCE
HEEL
ADJUSTING
SHIM CAM
FOLLOWER
(b)
9. Two technicians are diagnosing a problem with an OHV V-8 with flat-bottom lifters. The valve covers
have been removed and the engine is running. One pushrod is not rotating. Technician A says that
the camshaft is worn and must be replaced. Technician B says that the lifter is worn and must be
replaced. Which technician is correct?
a. A only
b. B only
c. Both A and B
d. Neither A nor B
10. A head gasket failure is being diagnosed. Technician A says
that an exhaust analyzer can be used to check for HC when the
tester probe is held above the radiator coolant. Technician B says
that a combustion tester liquid changes color in the presence of
combustion gases. Which technician is correct?
a. A only
b. B only
c. Both A and B
d. Neither A nor B
11. Excessive exhaust system back pressure has been measured. Technician A says that the catalytic
converter may be clogged. Technician B says that the muffler may be clogged. Which technician is
correct?
a. A only
b. B only
c. Both A and B
d. Neither A nor B
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17. The low oil pressure warning light usually comes on ______________.
a. whenever an oil change is required
b. whenever oil pressure drops dangerously low (3 to 7 psi)
c. whenever the oil filter bypass valve opens
d. whenever the oil filter anti-drain-back valve opens
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23. An engine cranks rapidly but does not start. Technician A says that a defective coil on a waste-spark-
type ignition could be the cause. Technician B says that a broken timing belt could be the cause.
Which technician is correct?
a. A only
b. B only
c. Both A and B
d. Neither A nor B
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29. Technician A says that during a power balance test, the cylinder that causes the biggest RPM drop is
the weak cylinder. Technician B says that if one spark plug wire is grounded out and the engine speed
does not drop, a weak or dead cylinder is indicated. Which technician is correct?
a. A only
b. B only
c. Both A and B
d. Neither A nor B
30. A good reading for a cylinder leakage test would be ______________.
a. within 20% among cylinders
b. all cylinders below 20% leakage
c. all cylinders above 20% leakage
d. all cylinders above 70% leakage and within 7% of each other
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a. A only
b. B only
c. Both A and B
d. Neither A nor B TAIL PIPE
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33. Two technicians are discussing torquing cylinder head bolts. Technician A says that many engine
manufacturers recommend replacing the head bolts after their first use. Technician B says that many
manufacturers recommend tightening the head bolts to a specific torque, then turning the bolts an
additional number of degrees. Which technician is correct?
a. A only
b. B only
c. Both A and B
d. Neither A nor B
34. Two technicians are discussing timing the camshaft to the crankshaft. Technician A says that marks
are often provided on the cam and crank gears or pulley so that the engine can be properly timed.
Technician B says that some engines use a camshaft sprocket or gear that is not keyed to the cam-
shaft. Which technician is correct?
a. A only
b. B only
c. Both A and B
d. Neither A nor B
35. The setup shown is being used to check ______________.
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a. valve spring installed height
b. valve stem height 3
c. valve spring squareness and free height
d. valve spring tension 2
36. Cleaning chemicals are usually either a alkaline (caustic) material or an acid material. Which of the
following statements is true?
a. Both alkaline and acids have a pH of 7 if rated according to distilled water.
b. An acid is lower than 7 and a alkaline is higher than 7 on the pH scale.
c. An acid is higher than 7 and a alkaline is lower than 7 on the pH scale.
d. Pure water is a 1 and a strong acid is a 14 on the pH scale.
37. Many cleaning methods involve chemicals that are hazardous to use and expensive to dispose of
after use. The least hazardous method is generally considered to be the ______________.
a. pyrolytic oven
b. hot vapor tank
c. hot soak tank
d. cold soak tank
38. Magnetic crack detection ______________.
a. uses a red dye to detect cracks in aluminum
b. uses equal compression among cylinders
c. uses a fine iron powder to detect cracks in iron parts
d. uses a magnet to remove cracks from iron parts
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41. Technician A says that damaged threads in a hole of a cylinder head can be repaired using a die. Technician
B says that an insert may be required to restore a damaged thread. Which technician is correct?
a. A only
b. B only
c. Both A and B
d. Neither A nor B
42. Pushrods should be checked for ______________.
a. weight
b. straightness
c. diameter
d. All of the above
43. A 0.015 inch feeler gauge is able to be inserted between the
straight edge and the cylinder head. What should the service
technician do?
a. Reinstall on the engine if a copper gasket is used
b. Resurface or replace the cylinder head
c. Grind the valves and seats and reinstall the cylinder head on
the engine
d. Clean the head surface with brake cleaner and sandpaper to
remove any dirt and reinstall on the engine.
44. The typical valve stem-to-valve guide clearance is _____________.
a. 0.030 to 0.045 inches (0.8 to 0.10 millimeters)
b. 0.015 to 0.020 inches (0.4 to 0.5 millimeters)
c. 0.005 to 0.010 inches (0.13 to 0.25 millimeters)
d. 0.001 to 0.003 inches (0.03 to 0.08 millimeters)
45. Which statement is true about surface finish?
a. Cast-iron surfaces should be smoother than aluminum surfaces. VALVE
TIP
b. The rougher the surface is, the higher the micro inch finish KEEPER
measurement. GROOVE
c. The smoother the surface is, the higher the micro inch finish
measurement.
d. A cylinder head should be a lot smoother than a crankshaft journal. STEM
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58. Technician A says the valve guide should be reconditioned or replaced before the valve seats are re-
conditioned. Technician B says the valve seats should be replaced before replacing or reconditioning
the valve guides. Which technician is correct?
a. A only
b. B only
c. Both A and B
d. Neither A nor B
59. Technician A says that a dial indicator (gauge) is often used to measure valve guide wear by measur-
ing the amount by which the valve head is able to move in the guide. Technician B says that a ball
gauge can be used to measure the valve guide. Which technician is correct?
a. A only
b. B only
c. Both A and B
d. Neither A nor B
60. Technician A says that a worn valve guide can be reamed and a valve with an oversize stem can be
used. Technician B says that a worn valve guide can be replaced with a bronze insert to restore the
cylinder head to useful service. Which technician is correct?
a. A only
b. B only
c. Both A and B
d. Neither A nor B
61. Technician A says that worn integral guides can be repaired. Technician B says that worn integral
guides can be replaced. Which technician is correct?
a. A only
b. B only
c. Both A and B
d. Neither A nor B
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74. What other engine component may have to be machined if the cylinder heads are machined on a
V-type engine?
a. Exhaust manifold
b. Intake manifold
c. Block deck
d. Distributor mount (if the vehicle is so equipped)
75. What is this technician doing?
a. Removing the pushrod
b. Determining zero lash
c. Adjusting the pushrod length
d. Adjusting the ratio of the rocker arm
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83. Technician A says the main bearing cap is being de-burred proper to
assembly. Technician B says that the bearing cap is being cleaned.
Which technician is correct?
a. A only
b. B only
c. Both A and B
d. Neither A nor B
84. To check a crankshaft journal for taper and out-of-round, the journal should be measured in at least
how many locations?
a. One
b. Two
c. Four
d. Six
85. Piston ring end gap should only be measured ______________.
a. after all cylinder work has been performed
b. after installing the piston in the cylinder
c. after installing the rings on the piston
d. Both a and c
86. Piston ring side clearance is a measure taken between the ______________ and the ______________.
a. piston (side skirt); cylinder wall
b. piston pin; piston pin retainer (clip)
c. piston ring; piston ring land
d. compression ring; oil control ring
87. Before the timing chain on an OHV engine can be inspected and removed, the following component(s)
must be removed:
a. Valve cover (rocker arm cover)
b. Vibration damper
c. Cylinder head(s)
d. Intake manifold (V-type engines only)
88. Technician A says the part on the top of the photo is a thread chaser.
Technician B says the part at the bottom of the photo is a tap. Which
technician is correct?
a. A only
b. B only
c. Both A and B
d. Neither A nor B
89. Lower than normal oil pressure could be caused by ______________.
a. a worn oil pump
b. worn rod bearings
c. worn main bearing
d. any of the above
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103. If the gauging plastic strip (Plastigage®) is wider than specified after the bearings are tightened, this
results ______________.
a. in excessive oil clearance
b. from using old, dried Plastigage
c. insufficient oil clearance
d. in a small side (thrust) clearance
104. What is this technician measuring?
a. Rod bearing oil clearance
b. Connecting rod side clearance
c. Crankshaft end play
d. Thrust bearing clearance
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PRECISION STRAIGHTEDGE
107. If the bell housing is not properly torqued to the engine block, ______________.
a. the bell housing will distort
b. the engine block will crack
c. the rear cylinder can be distorted (become out-of-round)
d. the crankshaft will crack
108. If the bore of an engine is increased without any other changes except for the change to proper-
size replacement pistons, the displacement will ______________ and the compression ratio will
______________.
a. increase; increase
b. increase; decrease
c. decrease; increase
d. decrease; decrease
109. Technician A says that pistons should be removed from the crankshaft side (bottom) of the cylinder
when disassembling an engine to prevent possible piston or cylinder damage. Technician B says that
the rod assembly should be marked before disassembly. Which technician is correct?
a. A only
b. B only
c. Both A and B
d. Neither A nor B
110. The micrometer reading is ______________.
a. 0.252 inch
b. 0.025 inch
c. 0.00252 inch
d. 2.52 inch
111. A cylinder is 0.004 inch out-of-round. Technician A says that the block should be bored and oversize
pistons installed. Technician B says that oversize piston rings should be used. Which technician is
correct?
a. A only
b. B only
c. Both A and B
d. Neither A nor B
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113. After the engine block has been machined, the block should be cleaned with ______________.
a. a stiff brush and soap and water
b. a clean cloth and engine oil
c. WD-40
d. spray solvent washer
114. Technician A says that piston rings should be installed with the dot or mark up (toward the cylinder
head). Technician B says that the mark on the piston rings is used to identify the position (groove) in
which the ring should be installed. Which technician is correct?
a. A only
b. B only
c. Both A and B
d. Neither A nor B
115. Two technicians are discussing ring gap. Technician A says that the ring should be checked in the
same cylinder in which it is to be installed. Technician B says that the ends of the piston ring can be
filed if the clearance is too small. Which technician is correct?
a. A only
b. B only
c. Both A and B
d. Neither A nor B
116. Two technicians are discussing bearing clearance measurement. Technician A says that the main
and rod bearing clearance can be measured with plastic gauging material (Plastigage). Technician B
says that the engine crankshaft should be rotated for two complete revolutions when Plastigage is
used between the crankshaft and the main or rod bearings. Which technician is correct?
a. A only
b. B only
c. Both A and B
d. Neither A nor B
117. When pistons are installed in the block, the notch or arrow on the piston should be facing
______________.
a. toward the lifter side of the block
b. toward the front of the engine
c. toward the rear of the engine
d. away from the lifter side of the block
118. A bearing shell is being installed in a connecting rod. The end of the bearing is slightly above the
parting line. Technician A says that this is normal. Technician B says that the bearing is too big.
Which technician is correct?
a. A only
b. B only
c. Both A and B
d. Neither A nor B
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123. Technician A says that the radiator should always be inspected for leaks and proper flow before in-
stalling a rebuilt engine. Technician B says that overheating during slow city driving can be due to a
defective electric cooling fan. Which technician is correct?
a. A only
b. B only
c. Both A and B
d. Neither A nor B
124. Technician A says the positive crankcase ventilation (PCV) system uses a valve located between the
intake manifold and the valve cover (cylinder head cover). Technician B says that about 20% of the
air needed by the engine at idle speed flows through the PCV system. Which technician is correct?
a. A only
b. B only
c. Both A and B
d. Neither A nor B
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147. Two technicians are discussing positive crankcase ventilation (PCV) valves. Technician A says that if
the valve rattles, it is good. Technician B says the PCV valve may still require replacement even if it
rattles. Which technician is correct?
a. A only
b. B only
c. Both A and B
d. Neither A nor B
148. A spark plug has dry, black fluffy deposits. Technician A says this is caused
by the engine burning oil. Technician B says that the engine may be operating
with a rich air-fuel mixture. Which technician is correct?
a. A only
b. B only
c. Both A and B
d. Neither A nor B
149. A 2-foot-long spark plug wire is being tested using an ohmmeter. The wire
measures 7.86 kΩ (7,860 ohms). Technician A says the wire is okay. Technician B says that the wire
resistance is higher than the specification for most vehicles. Which technician is correct?
a. A only
b. B only
c. Both A and B
d. Neither A nor B
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REFERENCE
3. The correct answer is c. Both technicians are correct. Technician A POINT TIMING
CHAIN
is correct because as the timing chain stretches, the camshaft will lag
behind the rotation of the crankshaft (retarded). Technician B is cor-
rect because the timing chain and gears should all be replaced as a
set if the slack is greater than factory specifications (usually less than
½ in.). Answers a, b, and d are not correct because both technicians
are correct.
MEASUREMENT
SCALE MIDPOINT
OF CHAIN
4. The correct answer is d. Antifreeze can be green (older IAT-type or phosphate organic acid technology,
which is a dark green), as well as orange (DEX-COOL), or red (Asian red). Answers a, b, and c are not
correct because any of the colors could indicate a coolant (antifreeze) leak.
5. The correct answer is a. Small particles of steel, cast iron, and other metals in an engine can react
chemically to increase the viscosity (thickness) of the oil. Answer b is not correct because if fuel were
added to oil, it would become thinner (lower viscosity). Answer c is not correct because a clogged air
filter does not have a direct effect on the viscosity of the oil. It is true that dirt could get into the oil,
which will make the oil thicker but this is not a direct result of the air filter itself. Answer d is not correct
because it includes b and c, which are not correct.
7. The correct answer is c. Both technicians are correct. Technician A is correct because a worn oil
pump can cause low oil pressure. An oil pump wears because it is the only engine part that operates
on unfiltered oil. Technician B is correct because worn bearings allow an excessive amount of oil to
escape and return to the oil pan resulting in a drop in oil pressure. Answers a, b, and d are not correct
because both technicians are correct.
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21. The correct answer is c. The correct answer is that both Technicians A and B are correct. Technician
A is correct because the customer can more easily drive the vehicle under the exact conditions, such
as speed and throttle position, to create the noise concern. The technician can also concentrate on
listening for the noise without having to worry about traffic conditions. Technician B is also correct be-
cause noise from the vehicle would tend to bounce off walls or buildings making engine noise easier
to hear. Answers a, b, and d are not correct because both technicians are correct.
22. The correct answer is b. Technician B is correct because if the PCV system were clogged, crankcase
pressure would increase and force oil into the combustion chamber through the air cleaner assembly
where the PCV system normally receives fresh air. The increased crankcase pressure can also cause
oil to be forced from the turbocharger bearing (bushing) area into the intake or exhaust side of the
turbocharger. Technician A is not correct because the wastegate simply directs the exhaust through
the turbocharger or into the exhaust manifold bypassing the turbocharger. If the wastegate were to
fail, it could cause a lack of turbo boost or the possibility of over boost. An over boost condition could
cause excessive oil consumption (it would not be a direct cause). Answers a, c, and d are not correct
because only Technician B is correct.
23. The correct answer is b. Technician B only is correct because the en-
gine is cranking rapidly, which means that the engine lacks compression.
A broken timing belt would allow many of the valves to be either closed
all the time or partially open all the time. Answer a is not correct because
even though a defective coil on a waste spark-type ignition system could
cause a misfire, it would not likely cause a no-start condition. Answers c
and d are not correct because only Technician B is correct.
24. Both technicians are correct. Technician A is correct because if the oil drain-back holes were
clogged, oil would eventually cover the valves and oil would be drawn into the combustion chamber
past the valve guides. Technician B is correct because oil can be drawn into the combustion chamber
past the worn piston rings during the intake stroke. Answers a, b, and d are not correct because both
technicians are correct.
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26. The correct answer is c. Both technicians are correct. Technician A is correct because a burned
valve will cause the cylinder to produce less than normal power. Technician B is correct because a
fault in either the injector or the spark plug wire can cause the cylinder to misfire. Answers a, b, and d
are not correct because both technicians are correct.
27. The correct answer is a. Technician A only is the correct answer. When coolant enters into the combus-
tion chamber past a defective head gasket, the water turns to steam during the combustion process.
This steam is then seen as white exhaust smoke when it exits the tail pipe. Answer b is not correct
because a leaking fuel injector would cause a rich air-fuel mixture, which would cause black or gray ex-
haust smoke and not white smoke. Answers c and d are not correct because only technician A is correct.
28. The correct answer is a. Vacuum measured during cranking
should be at least 2.5 in. Hg. Obviously, the higher the cranking 10 0
vacuum, the better the engine cylinder is sealed. Answer b is not 20
Vacuum
in. Hg
29. The correct answer is b. Technician B only is correct. If the engine speed (RPM) drops when a cyl-
inder is canceled (spark plug wire is grounded), the cylinder is producing power and contributing to
the engine speed at idle. Answer a is not correct because the biggest drop in engine RPM is created
by the strongest cylinder, not the weakest. Answers c and d are not correct because only Technician
B is correct.
30. The correct answer is b. A good mechanically sound engine
should measure less than 20% leakage. The lower the amount
of leakage, the better the engine. Answer a is not correct be-
cause all cylinders should be less than 20%, not within 20% of
each other. Answer c is not correct because the leakage should
be less than 20%, not more than 20%. Answer d is not correct
because the leakage should be very low. A 70% leakage rate
means that 70% of the air entering the cylinder is escaping past
the piston rings or valves.
31. The correct answer is b. A good mechanically sound engine should measure less than 20% leakage.
The lower the amount of leakage, the better the engine. Answer a is not correct because all cylinders
should be less than 20%, not within 20% of each other. Answer c is not correct because the leakage
should be less than 20%, not more than 20%. Answer d is not correct because the leakage should
be very low. A 70% leakage rate means that 70% of the air entering the cylinder is escaping past the
piston rings or valves.
32. The correct answer is c. Both technicians are correct. Technician A is correct because any misfire
will cause paper held at the tailpipe to “puff.” A burned valve will cause one cylinder to not produce as
strong an exhaust stream as the others creating the uneven exhaust detected by holding the paper at
the tailpipe. Technician B is correct because antifreeze tends to leave a gray/white stain on the engine
where coolant has leaked and then evaporated by the engine heat. Answers a, b, and d are not correct
because both technicians are correct.
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38. The correct answer is c. Magnetic lines of force tend to get stron-
ger at edges and, therefore, a fine powder can be used to locate
cracks in iron parts. Answer a is not correct because aluminum
parts cannot be checked using a magnetic field. Answer b is not
correct because a magnetic method can be used on iron, but not
on aluminum parts. Answer d is not correct because the answer
states that the magnet removes the cracks rather than simply de-
tecting the cracks.
39. The correct answer is c. Both technicians are correct. Technician A is correct because the parts
must be clean to be able to see small cracks or faults. Technician B is correct because pressure test-
ing using air will detect cracks in engine parts that are under water by observing bubbles from the fault
area. Answers a, b, and d are not correct because both technicians are correct.
40. The correct answer is c. The correct answer is that all engine part fasteners should be removed in
the reverse order of the tightening sequence. This method helps reline any built-up stress in the part
and helps reduce the possibility of warpage when the part is removed. Answers a, c, and d are not
correct because any of these methods could result in warpage when the part is removed.
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desirable.
48. The correct answer is c. Valve spring inserts (shims) placed under
the valve springs restore the original spring height that was lengthened when the valves were ground
and the valves moved upward in the head. Answer a is not correct because when installing a valve
spring insert, the installed height of the spring would be decreased (compressing the spring more)
rather than increased (compressing the spring less). Answer b is not correct because the valve spring
insert will not change the location of the tip (stem height) of the valve. Answer d is not correct because
the valve spring insert would increase (not decrease) valve spring pressure to compensate for an in-
creased (not decreased) installed height.
49. The correct answer is c. The crankshaft/camshaft relationship on most overhead valve engines in-
volve aligning the two timing marks together with the camshaft mark at the 6 o’clock position and the
crankshaft mark at the 12 o’clock position. Answers a, b and d are not correct because they do not
represent the usual position of the timing marks for an OHV engine.
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36
61. The correct answer is c. Both technicians are correct. Technician A is correct because worn integral
guides to useful service by an automotive machine shop. Technician B is correct because replace-
ment guides can be inserted in the cylinder head that has integral guides after the guides have been
reamed to the proper size for the replacement guide. Answers a, b, and d are not correct because
both technicians are correct.
62. The correct answer is a. The valve-to-guide clearance between is measured using a micrometer to
measure the diameter of the valve stem and to measure the inside diameter of the valve guide that is
determined using a small ball gauge. The difference between these two is the valve-to-guide clear-
ance. Answers b, c, and d are not correct because they cannot be used to measure the clearance
between the valve stem and the valve guide.
63. The correct answer is d. A valve spring should be checked for squareness, proper free height, and ten-
sion. The tension should be checked at the designated height and without the dampener spring installed,
if equipped. Answers a, b, and c are not correct because all three are correct, so the best answer is d.
64. The correct answer is b. The difference between the valve face angle and VALVE
FACE SEAT
the valve seat angle is called the interference angle and it is usually specified ANGLE
45°
as being 1°. Answer a is not correct because the margin in the area above
FACE
the valve face and this angle is not the interference angle. Answers c and d ANGLE
VALVE
44°
are also not correct because they do not describe the interference angle. SEAT
VALVE
GUIDE
VALVE
STEM
65. The correct answer is a. Technician A only is correct. Plugs that are in-
stalled to cover the cooling passage opening, where the core sand was
removed during production, are usually driven into the opening using a hammer and a driver. Answer
b is not correct because the cooling passage openings are not threaded. Answers c and d are not
correct because only Technician A is correct.
66. The correct answer is d. The correct answer is all of the above. The coolant passages in the cylinder
head should be inspected for corrosion, restriction, blocking, or signs of leakage. Answers a, b, and c
are not correct because all of the items listed should be checked.
67. The correct answer is d. Neither technician is correct. Technician A is SPRING RETAINER
not correct because valve stem height is the distance from the spring
seat to the top of the valve stem, whereas installed height is the dis-
tance from the valve seat to the bottom part of the valve spring re-
STEM
tainer. Technician B is not correct because the valve stem height can be INSTALLED
HEIGHT
HEIGHT
changed by grinding the stem, but not the installed height. Answers a,
b, and c are not correct because neither technician is correct.
SPRING SEAT
68. The correct answer is b. Technician B only is correct. O-ring-type valve stem seals can be checked
using a hand-operated vacuum pump and a sealing cup to check whether the seal has been correctly
installed. Technician A is not correct because the O-ring is installed under the keeper, not on top of the
keeper. Answers a, c, and d are not correct because only Technician B is correct.
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will be increased if the cylinder bore is increased. When the cylinder bore 1
CYLINDER
is increased, the volume of the cylinder is increased when the piston 2
VOLUME
3
4
is at bottom dead center, yet the combustion chamber volume has not 5
6
7
PISTON
the same volume when the piston is at top dead center. Answer b is not DISPLACEMENT
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118. A only is correct. The insert bearing should extend slightly BEARING TIGHT
IN HOUSING BORE
above the bearing cap to provide the necessary crush when
assembled to keep the bearing from spinning during engine AMOUNT
OF CRUSH
operation. Answer b is not correct because the bearing size
is determined by the thickness of the insert and the difference
between a standard and a 0.010 in. undersize bearing (thicker
shell) insert may not be visible. Answers c and d are not correct CRUSH
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120. The correct answer is a. The freezing point of the coolant decreases as the percentage of antifreeze
increases up to a point (about 70%) and then it starts to increase. Antifreeze by itself freezes at about
0ºF (-18ºC). Answer b is not correct because the boiling point increases rather than decreases as the
percentage of antifreeze is increased. Answer c is not correct because the heat transferability of the
coolant is decreased as the percentage of antifreeze is increased in the coolant. Answer d is not cor-
rect because answers b and c are not correct.
121. The correct answer is a. Most vehicle manufacturers recommend that a 50/50 mix of antifreeze
and water be used for the cooling system. Filling half the system with 100% antifreeze and the rest
with water will result in a 50/50 mix. Answers b and c are not correct because these methods will not
result in a 50/50 antifreeze to water mix. Answer d will result in a 50/50 mix if all of the coolant can
be drained from the system before refilling it with the 50/50 mix. However, this method uses more
antifreeze coolant than is necessary and, therefore, is not the recommended method and not the
best answer to this question.
122. The correct answer is c. The temperature on the thermostat is the temperature that it starts to
open and is fully opened about 20° higher. Answer a is not correct because the temperature on the
thermostat is when it starts to open not when it is fully open. Answer b is not correct because even
though thermostats can cause overheating, they most often fail in the open position causing the en-
gine to not reach operating temperature. Answer d is not correct because it involves both answers a
and b which were not correct.
123. The correct answer is c. Both technicians are correct. Technician A is correct because the radia-
tor should always be checked for proper operation before using it in a vehicle with a new or rebuilt
engine. Technician B is correct because an inoperative electric cooling fan can cause overheating
during slow, city driving. Answers a, b, and d are not correct because both technicians are correct.
124. The correct answer is c. Both technicians are correct. Technician
A is correct because the PCV valve is located between the intake
manifold and the valve (cylinder head) cover. Technician B is cor-
rect because about 20% of the air needed by the engine at idle
speed flows through the PCV valve. Answers a, b, and d are not
correct because both technicians are correct.
125. The correct answer is d. Answer a is correct because the oil pump should be rotated before starting
the engine after a rebuild to lubricate the bearings as well as the valve train components (answer b)
including the camshaft (answer c).
126. The correct answer is d. Both answers a and b are correct. Answer a is correct because an engine
oil cooler has engine oil circulated through the passages and these passages should not leak oil.
Answer b is correct because most engine oil coolers use engine coolant to cool as well as warm the
engine coil. Coolant should not leak from the cooler or any of the lines or fittings. Answer c is not
correct because air is not used in most engine oil coolers and if so, would be just passing through the
cooling fins and an air leak is not a factor.
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128. The correct answer is a. Technician A is correct because the HOT light (engine coolant temperature
warning lamp) will come on about 258oF (125oC) to warn the driver that the engine coolant tempera-
ture is too high for safe engine operation. Technician B is not correct because the warning light does
not react to cooling system pressure, just temperature. Answers c and d are not correct because only
Technician A is correct.
129. The correct answer is b. Technician B only is correct. The purpose and function of the electric cool-
ing fan is to provide airflow through the radiator at low vehicle speeds. When the vehicle exceeds
about 35 mph (56 km/h), there is enough airflow to keep the engine cool and the electric cooling fan
shuts off. If the electric cooling fan is not operating, the engine could overheat during slow city-type
driving conditions. Answer a is not correct because the thermostat opens about 20° lower than the
temperature that is fully open and the cooling fan will come on at a higher than the fully open tem-
perature of the thermostat. Answer c and d are not correct because only Technician B is correct.
130. The correct answer is b. Technician B is correct because the heater will have coolant flowing
through the core when the water pump is operating slowly such as during engine idle. However,
when the engine speed increases, the coolant will be taking the path of lower resistance and bypass
the heater core unless the coolant level is properly filled. Technician A is not correct because even
though the water pump could have worn the impeller blades, the most likely cause is low coolant
level. Answers c and d are not correct because only Technician B is correct.
131. The correct answer is d. Answer d is correct because normal operating temperature causes the upper
hose to become hot and pressurized and will cause the cooling fans to cycle on and off. Answer a is
not correct because the radiator cap will only release coolant to the overflow if the pressure exceeds
the rating of the cap and does not represent what normally occurs when the engine reaches normal
operating temperature. Answers b and c are not correct alone because either can be an indication of
when normal operating temperature has been achieved and, therefore, answer d is the best answer.
132. The correct answer is a. The engine oil flows best when it is warm and also is able to hold dirt in
suspension best at normal operating temperature. Answers b and c are not correct because the oil
can hold more dirt and flow best if the oil is at normal operating temperature. Answer d is not correct
because this procedure will not ensure that the oil is at normal operating temperature.
133. The correct answer is d. Neither technician is correct. The thickness (viscosity) is the measure of
the resistance to flow and is not an indicator of quality. The API rating indicates quality. Technician
A is not correct because even though a thicker oil (higher viscosity) may cause an increase in oil
pressure, the thickness of the oil is not an indication of quality. The higher viscosity could keep vital
engine parts from receiving oil at start up, especially in cold weather. Technician B is not correct
because a higher viscosity oil would decrease fuel economy and is not recommended by the vehicle
manufacturers in most cases. Answer c is not correct because both technicians are wrong.
134. The correct answer is b. Normal oil pressure is generally 10 psi per 1000 RPM and, therefore, oil
pressure between 10 psi and 60 psi would be the best answer. Answer a is not correct because the
pressure is too low and represents the oil pressure that could turn on the oil pressure warning light but
is not high enough to be considered normal. Answers c and d are both too high for normal oil pressure.
135. The correct answer is c. The valves components are the last to
receive oil from the oil pump. The oil first flows to bearings (cam,
main, and rod), and then to the rocker arms. Answer a is not correct
because the main bearings are usually one of the first components
to receive oil after it leaves the oil pump. Answer b is not correct
because the rod bearings receive engine oil from the main bear-
ings and are one of the first locations in the engine to receive oil.
Answer d is not correct because the oil filter is the first place the oil
is pumped when leaving the oil pump.
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