Curved steel plate girders equations

BS EN 1993-1-5:2006

EN 1993-1-5:2006 (E)

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Ch.3
3.4.5 Multiple Steel I Beam Curved in Plan

Horizontally curved superstructures may be analyzed as grids or continuums

in which the segments of the longitudinal beams are assumed to be straight

between nodes. The actual eccentricity of the segment between the nodes

shall not exceed 2.5 percent of the length of the segment. The effect of

curvature on stability shall be considered for all curved I-girders.

Where I-girder bridges meet the following four conditions, the effects of

curvature may be ignored in the analysis for determining the major-axis

bending moments and shears:

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• Girders are concentric

• Bearing lines are not skewed more than 10o from radial

• The stiffnesses of the girders are similar.

• For all spans, the arc span divided by the girder radius is less than 0.06 radians. An I-Girder in a bridge
satisfying these criteria may be analyzed as an individual straight girder with span length equal to the arc
length. Lateral flange bending effects should then be determined from an appropriate approximation and
considered in the design. Cross-frame or diaphragm members shall be designed for forces computed by
rational means. Cross-frame spacing shall be set to limit flange lateral bending in the girders.

 Curved bridges comprised of multiple simple-spans shall be considered to be

“irregular” if the subtended angle in plan is greater than 20°. Such bridges shall be analyzed by either
the multimode elastic method or the time-history method.A curved continuous-girder bridge may be
analyzed as if it were straight, provided all of the following requirements are satisfied:

• The bridge is “regular” as defined in Table 3.2, except that for a two-span bridge the maximum
span length ratio from span to span must not exceed 2;

• The subtended angle in plan is not greater than 90°; and

• The span lengths of the equivalent straight bridge are equal to the arc

lengths of the curved bridge.If these requirements are not satisfied, then curved continuous -girder bridges

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must be analyzed using the actual curved geometry.

Ch.4

 Intermediate internal diaphragms or cross-frames shall be provided. For all single box sections,
horizontally curved sections, and multiple box sections in cross- sections of bridges of the internal
bracing shall be spaced to control cross-section distortion, with the spacing not to exceed 9000
mm.
 For horizontally curved bridges, when the curvature is sharp and temporary supports are not
practical, it may be desirable to consider providing both top and bottom lateral bracing to
ensure pseudo-box action while the bridge is under construction. Top and bottom lateral bracing
provides stability to a pair of I-girders. If temporary lateral bracing is used, the analysis method
used must be able to recognize influence of the lateral bracing.
 For both straight and horizontally curved tub sections, a full-length lateral bracing system forms
a pseudo -box to help limit distortions brought about by temperature changes occurring prior
to concrete deck placement, and to resist the torsion and twist caused by any eccentric loads
acting on the steel section during construction. Diagonal members of the top lateral bracing for
tub sections shall satisfy the following criterion:

Where:
Ad = minimum required cross-sectional area of one diagonal (mm).
w = center-to-center distance between the top flanges.
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4.1.7 Heat-Curved Rolled Beams and Welded Plate Girders
4.1.4.1 Scope
This section pertains to rolled beams and welded I-section plate girders heat curved to obtain a
horizontal curvature. Steels that are manufactured to aspecified minimum yield strength
greater than 3450 kg/cm2 other than Grade HPS 485W, shall not be heat-curved.

Ch.8

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 Ch.9

9.3.1.2 Sections in Positive Flexure

Sections in horizontally curved steel girder bridges shall be considered as non-compact sections
and shall satisfy the requirements of Article 9.3.1.4.2.

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 Ch.11
 The shear connectors in curved beams should be carefully checked for loads in both radial and
tangential directions.