Melody –It is a musical line, a combination of pitch and rhythm (some say

"duration").  Sometimes a melody is considered to be the theme of a

composition. We might characterize melody by its contour (rising or falling) and
the size of the intervals in it. 
It is the LINEAR/HORIZONTAL presentation of pitch (the word used to describe
the highness or lowness of a musical sound). Many famous musical compositions
have a memorable melody or theme.
It is a single succession of notes arranged in steps or in skips.
Range- The distance between the lowest and highest note.
Scale- The pattern used to make a melody.
Interval- The distance between 2 notes.
Ex. Major scale -A seven note scale with composed of whole steps and half steps.
interval.

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Minor scale A seven note scale still composed of half and whole steps but has
different melodic intervals than the major scale.

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Pentatonic Scale A five note scale with all whole step intervals.

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Whole tone scale- A seven tone scale which is composed of all whole steps.
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Chromatic scale- A 12 tone Scale composed of all half steps.

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Harmony- It is composed of 2 or more notes sounded together.

-melody plus accompaniment.
- The depth of music
Triad- A set of 3 notes taken from the scale which the first(Root),3rd and
5th notes of the scale.

Dynamics- Dynamics means how quietly or loudly a piece of music should be

played.
-Dynamics are an important way of conveying the mood of a piece and

your use of dynamics is a marked element of your performance.

 - It adds emotions to music.

The different Dynamic symbols:

Duration- It is an amount of time or how long or short a note, phrase,
section, or composition lasts.
- It is the length of time a pitch, or tone, is sounded

Symbols that gives different sound durations:

1. Note values
 2. Staccato- is a form of musical articulation. In modern notation, it
signifies a note of shortened duration, separated from the note
that may follow by silence.
-It is executed short and quick.

3. Tie is a curved line connecting the heads of two notes of the same pitch,
indicating that they are to be played as a single note with a duration equal to
the sum of the individual notes' values.
4.Fermata-also known as a hold sign or as a grand pause when placed on a
note or a rest) is a symbol of musical notation indicating that the
note should be prolonged or held beyond the normal duration its
note value.

Timbre – Tone quality of tone color

refers to the character, texture, and colour of a sound that defines it.
For example: The timbre of the voice of your grandmother is different
from the timbre of the voice of your Mom .Same with
musical instruments.