Dam Numerical Problem

Numerical problem:
◼ A concrete gravity dam has the following
dimensions:
▪ Max water level = 305 m
▪ Bed level of river = 225 m
▪ Crest level = 309 m
▪ D/S face slope starts at 300 m
▪ D/S Slope= 2:3
▪ C/L of drainage galleries at 8m d/s of u/s face
▪ Uplift pressures:
at Heal = 100 %
at Toe = 0%
at drainage gallery = 50 %
Numerical problem:
▪ Density of concrete = 2400 kg/m3 (mtons/m3)
▪ No tail water
▪ Consider self weight, hydrostatic pressure and uplift
pressure
◼ Calculate:
▪ Max. vertical stresses at heal and toe of the dam.
▪ Major principal stress at toe of dam and intensity of
shear stress on horizontal plane near the toe.
▪ Check the stability of dam for the given conditions
Numerical problem:
12m
309 m

W.L 305 m

300 m

α 2
3
8m

B.L. 225 m
 Solution 12m

Determine width of crest, Wc=? 309 m

W.L 305 m
Wc = Height of Dam 300 m
84m
Wc = 309 − 225 = 84
80m α 2
= 9.16  12 P 8m
3
75m

W1 W2
B.L. 225 m
Determine the weight of Dam
W 1 = 12  84  2400 / 1000 1/3*80=26.67m
= 2419.2 tons 12m 50m
toe

Acting 56m from toe heal 56m

1
W 2 =  75  50  2400 / 1000 33.33m
2
= 4500 tons
Acting 33.33m from toe
Determine the hydrostatic pressure
12m

P =  wh 2 / 2 309 m

=  1 (305 − 225)
1 2 W.L 305 m

2 300 m
84m
= 3200 tons 80m α 2
3
Acting 26.67m from BL in P 8m 75m
horizontal direction W1
B.L. 225 m W2
where
 w = 1000kg / m3 = 1 mton / m3 1/3*80=26.67m
toe
12m 50m
heal 56m

33.33m
 Determine the uplift pressure

The uplift pressure without drainage 12m

galleries is represented by dash line. 309 m
However, the drainage galleries
control the pressure distribution and W.L 305 m
in present problem, the uplift 300 m
pressure at drainage gallery is given 84m
as 50% of total uplift pressure h=80m α 2
3
The uplift pressure at the heal is P 8m 75m
taken equal to heal of water. i.e., γwh W1 W2
γwx80 B.L. 225 m
While at the drainage gallery it is
50% of γwx80. i.e., γwx40 1/3*80=26.67m
And at the toe it becomes zero as heal toe
12m 50m
there is no tail water.

where
100%=γwh 50%=0.5γwh
h=80m With drainage
galleries
γw=1000kg/m3=1mton/m3
Without drainage galleries
 12m
Determine the uplift forces
309 m
U 1 = 0.5 w h  8
W.L 305 m
= 0.5  1 80  8 = 320 ton 300 m
Acting 58m from toe 84m

U 2 = 0.5(0.5 w h ) 8
80m α 2
3
P 8m 75m
= 0.5(0.5 1 80) 8 = 160 ton W1
B.L. 225 m W2
Acting 59.33m from toe

U 3 = 0.5(0.5 w h ) (50 + 4 ) 1/3*80=26.67m

toe
= 0.5(0.5  1 80) 54 = 1080 ton
heal 12m 50m

Acting 36m from toe U1 U3

100%=γwh 58 m

Net uplift forces 50%=0.5γwh

U = U1 + U 2 + U 3 U2 36 m

= 320 + 160 + 1080 = 1560 ton 59.33 m

 12m
Determine the eccentricity and position of resultant
309 m
B
e = − x , where, x =
M
2 V W.L 305 m
300 m
B is the based width of dam=62m 84m

V = Total vertical forces 80m α 2

3
75m
P 8m
= W 1 + W 2-U
W1
= 4500-2419.2-1560 B.L. 225 m W2

= 5359.2 ton
1/3*80=26.67m
 M = Total moment at toe heal toe
12m 50m
= W 1 56 + W 2  33.33
-U1 58 − U 2  59.33 − U 3  36 100%=γwh U1 U3
58 m
− P  26.67
50%=0.5γwh
= 133183.4 ton − m
position of resultant U2 36 m

133183.4 59.33 m
x= = 24.85m
5359.2
 12m
Determine the eccentricity and position of resultant
309 m
B
e = − x , where, x =
M
2 V W.L 305 m
300 m
133183.4 84m
x= = 24.85m
5359.2 80m α 2
B 62 3
75m
e= −x = − 24.85 P 8m
2 2
W1
= 6.15m e  B/6 B.L. 225 m W2
B B
6 6 1/3*80=26.67m
e heal toe
12m 50m
B
B B
= 10.33m
3
3 3 100%=γwh U1 U3
58 m
If e  B / 6 tension will develop !
50%=0.5γwh
Dam is unsafe again tension.
Size of dam can be increased U2 36 m
to enhance stability
59.33 m
Note: The resultant must pass through the middle third
 12m
Determine the compressive stress at toe and heal of dam
309 m
Normal compressive stress at toe
W.L 305 m
Pmax =
 V  6e 
1 +  300 m
B  B 84m
5359.2  6 * 6.15  80m α 2
= 1 +  3
75m
62  62  P 8m

= 137.89ton / m 2 B.L. 225 m

W1 W2
Normal compressive stress at heal

Pmin =
 V 1 − 6e  1/3*80=26.67m
toe
B  B heal 12m 50m
5359.2  6 * 6.15 
= 1 −  100%=γwh U1 U3
62  62  58 m
= 34.99ton / m 2 50%=0.5γwh
Allowable stress=25 kg/cm2 U2 36 m
=250 ton/m2
59.33 m
Therefore, dam is safe against tension and compression
 12m
Determine the Principal stress
309 m
Principal Stress
= Pn sec2  − P tan 2  W.L 305 m
300 m
where
84m
Pn = Normal stress at toe 80m α 2
3
75m
P = Normal stress at toe due to P 8m
tail water=0 W1 W2
B.L. 225 m
Principal Stress
Pn
1/3*80=26.67m
= Pn sec  − P tan 
2 2
toe
heal
= 137.89 1.44 = 199.16ton / m 2

Intensity of shear stress at toe

= (Pn − P) tan 2 
Note
= 137.89  (2 / 3) 2 = 61.28ton / m 2
sec2  = 1 + tan 2 
 12m
Determine Stability against sliding of dam
309 m

(W − U ) tan   V W.L 305 m

FOS = =
P H 84m
300 m

where,  = tan   0.8 80m α 2

3
FOS = 0.8  5359.2 / 3200 P 8m 75m
FOS = 1.3  1 W1
B.L. 225 m W2
It ranges from 1.0~3
1/3*80=26.67m
Dam is safe against sliding
heal toe

Pn
 12m
Determine Stability against Overturning
309 m
Stabilizing moment
FOS =
Overturning moment W.L 305 m
300 m
84m
80m α 2
3
P 8m 75m

W1 W2
B.L. 225 m

1/3*80=26.67m
Taking moment at toe of dam
heal toe
12m 50m
W 1 56 + W 2  33.33
FOS =
U 1 59.33 + U 2  59.33 + U 3  36 + P  26.67 U1 U3
FOS = 1.87  1.5 58 m
It ranges from 1.5~2.5
Dam is safe against overturning U2 36 m

59.33 m