Welded Joint

Spl. On-line class initiative slides

• A Permanent joint
• What is Welding? (M.M.M.M.)
• Brazing, Soldering, Adhesive - - -
 Multi
Pass

Bead Weld
Disambiguation

<- Rightword or
Backhand
Technique

<- Leftword or
Forehand Technique
Throat & Leg

HAZ
Type of welded joints
Variation
with plate
thickness
SPECIFICATION OF WELD SYSTEM
The AWS standard welding symbol
Example of Welding Drawing
ARC AND GAS WELDING SYMBOLS
Fillet welds

(a) The number beside triangle indicates the leg size. The arrow
need to point only to one weld when the weld on all sides is
same.
(b) Here the weld symbol indicates that he weldment is
intermittent and staggered at 60 mm length at an interval of
200 mm (centre to centre distance).
Different groove preparations for butt joints

Square butt welded on both

sides. Single V with 60o bevel and
root opening of 2 mm

Double V
Single bevel
All arround fillet weld

Circle on the weld symbol indicates that the welding is to go

all around.
Different groove preparations for fillet joints

T joint for thick plates U and J joints for thick plates

Corner weld, meant Edge weld for sheet metal

only for light loads and light loads
Typical butt joints with possible loading
Reinforcements, though can increase the area taking the load, but for
fatigue loading, it induce stress concentration at location “A” and
hence normally removed by grinding or machining.

  F / hl   F / hl
Weldment Design Practice
Eliminate welding by forming the
plate and using rolled or extruded
sections
Minimise the amount of weld
metal
Do not over weld
Use intermittent welding in
preference to a continuous weld
pass
Avoid multiple weld accumulation
Metal to metal contact should
bear load, not the weld
Place welds about the neutral
axis
Balance the welding about the
middle of the joint by using a
double-V joint in preference to a
single-V joint
Typical fillet with possible loading

Along any plain at angle 

Fs  F sin 
Fn  F cos 
t h h 2 h
  t
sin 45 o
 o 

sin 180  45   cos   sin   cos   sin  
 h
t
cos   sin  

The stresses at any angle in the weld

Fs Fs F sin  cos   sin   F sin  cos   sin 

   
 2

A tl hl hl
Fn Fn F cos  cos   sin   F cos 2   sin  cos 
   
 
A tl hl hl
The resultant von-Mises stress is

 '  2
 3 2
 
F
hl
cos   sin  cos   sin   sin  cos  
2 2 2 2

Largest von-Mises stress

occurs at  = 62.5 degree
Final Formulas

The maximum von - Mises stress occurs at 62.50 ,

2.16 F
 max   '  62.5o 
'

hl
1.196F
  62.5o 
hl
0.623F
  62.5o 
hl
Parallel Fillet Weld: Welding Code Method

h
t
cos   sin  

For   45 0 , t  0.707 h

  F / 0.707hl  1.414 F / hl
Minimum Weld-Metal Properties

Table 9–3
Stresses Permitted by the AISC Code for Weld Metal

Table 9–4

Go to slide 34 for numerical problem

WELDED JOINT IN TORSION
Primary shear stress:
 V / A
Secondary shear stress:
   Mr / J
Where:
M = Fa a

J  Second polar moment of area of the weldments

about the cetroid of the weldment areas
  
  J Gi  Ai ri 2   I xx  I yy i  Ai ri 2    (     )
2 2
1
2
An example of
unequal weld
b1  0.707h1
d 2  0.707h2
h1  leg size of weldment - 1
h2  leg size of weldment - 2
The total throat area against primary shear
A  A1  A2  t1d  t 2b
Secondary shear estimation needs the estimation of the total
second polar moment of area of the two weldments together.
; I y 1  ; J G1  I x 1  I y 1 
t1d 3 dt13 t1d 3 dt13
I x 1  
12 12 12 12

I x 2  ; I y 2 
bt23 t 2b 3
; J G2  I x 2  I y 2 
bt23 t 2b 3

12 12 12 12
An example of unequal weld

The centroid G can be

located as follows.
A1 x1  A2 x2
x
A
A1 y1  A2 y2
y
A

r1  x  x 
1
2
 y2 ; r2  x 2  x    y2  y 
2 2

  
J  J G1  A1r12  J G2  A2 r22 
Torsional Properties of Fillet Welds

J  0.707hJ u

(Table 9-1, page:484)

BENDING WELDED JOINT

bd 2 bd 2
V Iu  , I  0.707hI u  0.707h
Primary shear stress,  '  2 2
A Secondary shear stress
Mc Md / 2 1.414M
    2

I 0.707hbd / 2 bdh
1
Combining   (     )
2 2 2
Bending Properties of Fillet Welds

I  0.707hI u

(Table 9-2; page:488-489)

Bending Properties of Fillet Welds - contd….

(Table 9-2;
page:488-489)
Welded Joint under Fatigue loading

Conventional methods will be used

 In fatigue, the Gerber criterion is best; however,
Goodman criterion is commonly used for simplicity.
For the surface factor, forged surface will be assumed for
weld unless a superior finish is specified.
For stress concentration factor use Table 9.5
Fatigue Stress-Concentration Factors, Kfs

Table 9–5
Q1. Design the double parallel fillet weld of 10 mm thick plate, a assuming
AWS E60.

From table
Yield stress = 345 MPa , Allowable tensile stress Sut = 427 MPa,
Allowable shear stress  = 0.3 x Sut W = 50 kN h = 10mm

W = t2l = 2x0.707 hl But total length l’ = effective l +

allowance

Allowance: Add approach + over travel allowance for weld ~ 10 – 15 mm

W = 1.414 h l 
50x1000 = 1.414 x10xlx(0.3x427)
l = 27.6 mm
Adding allowance, total length = 38 mm to 43 mm
Q2. Design the double transverse fillet weld for allowable tensile stress 110 MPa
for steel plate and welded joint
Max load carried by steel plate
W = (12.5x120)x110 = 165 kN

Load carried by weld =

W = 0.707h2l
165000 = 1.414x12.5xlx110
l = 84.86

Add allowance. (l ~ 100mm)

Q3. A 100 mm wide and 10 mm thick steel plate is welded to another larger plate
and loaded as shown. Design the joint with E90xxx. [ Option2 P = 70 kN]

For E90xx, from table

 = 531 MPa
 = 0.3xSut = 0.3x620 = 186 MPa

Tensile loaded carried by 100mm weld

Shear loaded carried by 2l mm weld
(l = l’+1/2 allowance)

W1=0.707 h l  = 0.707x10x100x531=374517N

W2=0.707 h 2l  = 0.707x10x2lx186=2630.04l N
Maximum load carrying capacity of the weldment = plate strength [option1]
Q4. Assuming permissible shear stress in weld as 70 MPa, design the joint
with effective length l1 and l2

Go to slide 25 for theory for next problem

Q5. Assuming permissible shear stress in weld as 100 MPa, determine size of
weld. Secondary Shear
Primary Shear

2
60kN 1

100 1 2

1 2
50 150
1 =W/A = 60000/(50+50+100) t = 300/t MPa
2 = Tr/J Obtain J and cetroid location from Table 9.1
Note that J relation in table give unit polar moment of area

Vector addition of 1 and 2 to find resultant ,

Equate to allowable shear stress to find required weld dimension