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2018

SAI VIDYA INSTITUTE OF TECHNOLOGY

Venkatesha M, SRF, Department of ECE

MICROWAVE & ANTENNAS


(15EC71)
VII SEMESTER ECE
MODULE-1

MODULE 1 (b) SYLLABUS


Microwave Transmission Lines: Microwave Frequencies, Microwave devices,
Microwave Systems, Transmission Line equations and solutions, Reflection
Coefficient and Transmission Coefficient, Standing Wave and Standing Wave Ratio,
Smith Chart, Single Stub matching.
BT Levels L1, L2
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15
2018
SAI VIDYA INSTITUTE OF TECHNOLOGY

Venkatesha M, Senior Research Fellow,


Dr. Narayan K, Dean R&D, Department of ECE

MICROWAVE & ANTENNAS


(15EC71)
VII SEMESTER ECE
MODULE-1 : SMITH CHART & MICROWAVE TUBES

MODULE 1 (a) SYLLABUS

Smith Chart, Single Stub matching

Microwave Tubes: Introduction, Reflex Klystron Oscillator, Mechanism of


Oscillations, Modes of Oscillations, Mode Curve (Qualitative Analysis only).

BT Levels: L1, L2, L3


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Page 22
2018
SAI VIDYA INSTITUTE OF TECHNOLOGY

Venkatesha M, Senior Research Fellow,


Dr. Narayan K, Department of ECE

MICROWAVE & ANTENNAS


(15EC71)
VII SEMESTER ECE

MODULE-2: MICROWAVE NETWORK THEORY &


MICROWAVE PASSIVE DEVICES

MODULE 2: SYLLABUS

Microwave Network theory: Symmetrical Z and Y-Parameters for Reciprocal


Networks, S matrix representation of Multi-Port Networks.

Microwave Passive Devices: Coaxial Connectors and Adapters, Attenuators, Phase


Shifters, Waveguide Tees, Magic tees.
BT Levels: L1, L2
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MODULE 2

Page 9
Page 10
2.1

Page 11
2.2

Page 12
Page 13
Page 14
Page 15
2.3

Page 16
Page 17
Page 18
Page 19
2.4

Page 20
Page 21
Page 22
2.5

Page 23
Page 24
Page 25
Page 26
Page 27
Page 28
2018
SAI VIDYA INSTITUTE OF TECHNOLOGY

Venkatesha M, Senior Research Fellow, &


Dr Narayan .K., Dean (R&D) Department of ECE

MICROWAVE & ANTENNAS


(15EC71)
VII SEMESTER ECE

MODULE-3 (a): STRIP LINES

MODULE 3 (a): MICROWAVE STRP LINES

Strip Lines: Introduction, Micro Strip lines, Parallel Strip lines, Coplanar Strip lines,
Shielded Strip Lines BT Levels: L1, L2
MODULE 3: MICROWAVE PART

STRIP LINES
3.1
***3.2 PARALLEL STRIP LINES
3.3 COPLANAR STRIP LINES
3.4 SHIELDED STRIP LINES
2018
SAI VIDYA INSTITUTE OF TECHNOLOGY

Venkatesha M, SRF, Department of ECE

MICROWAVE & ANTENNAS


(15EC71)
VII SEMESTER ECE
MODULE-3: ANTENNA BASICS NOTES

MODULE 3 SYLLABUS
Antenna Basics: Introduction, Basic Antenna Parameters, Patterns, Beam Area,
Radiation Intensity, Beam Efficiency, Directivity and Gain, Antenna Apertures,
Effective Height, Bandwidth, Radio Communication Link, Antenna Field Zones &
Polarization.

Prescribed Text Book: Antennas and Wave Propagation, John D. Krauss, Ronald J
Marhefka and Ahmad S Khan,4th Special Indian Edition , McGraw- Hill Education
Pvt. Ltd.,2010.
Chapter: 2.1- 2.11, 2.13,2.15 BT Levels: L1, L2, L3
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2018
SAI VIDYA INSTITUTE OF TECHNOLOGY

Venkatesha M, SRF, Department of ECE

MICROWAVE & ANTENNAS


(15EC71)
VII SEMESTER ECE
MODULE-4

MODULE 4 SYLLABUS
(a) Point Sources and Arrays: Introduction, Point Sources, Power Patterns, Power
Theorem, Radiation Intensity, Field Patterns, Phase Patterns, Arrays of Two
Isotropic Point Sources, Pattern Multiplication, Linear Arrays of n Isotropic
Point Sources of equal Amplitude and Spacing.
(b) Electric Dipoles:
Introduction, Short Electric Dipole, Fields of a Short Dipole, Radiation
Resistance of a Short Dipole, Radiation Resistances of Lambda/2 Antenna, ,
Thin Linear Antenna (Field Analyses).
BT Levels: L1, L2, L3, L4
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7/,|1, + ts{ vl, -l */vl,:,
I
@

l€rl wto",L
" & Eo

o
00

^T*ou,!.c,{,1p"{---+
g!-u-Lg^j,.
fu.t i.t
Ern e'l
' -- c* vl'
E-/**-
i>
j't tl fru- lk"tdb I
#*a b
o
t-/.-,1 tl-afisf c
{*.t wA,43,u)!r^4 1r,^r
T ,"rlr-
I.t tl e"^"Le U d
4,p o"LA Ot
r'L P
ll k*lrurel..l&
i-t A.F z e; X*q
{
vT i^o-c_

p2 Ec C€{ \,1,

@*ur.*- Y= P {r* f
ae l:"* frr* d.ir4iLtw
w,s4juaa, vulr,rt,aq
, *7l t I

13
n,-:<
G-u,t**,$-
{tu" Ia,tu ."
p t L -'l-[ F CL .l *Lte,t
tlru 1
, $7 ) A-'- &aa^u ol* O
t1
bt'
f,,.,qf 6,o.11,urr

,r ?f
u-. J"La-t m=
i &l
rI
*-____J
0
Q3
V = trd*+ .
#*c-eL+
V, ntu +

+L rttani-u*a- A-b^$l-x$*t,
L*, J I a* 0= b"*
cel vlr, t r
q,
Vl ,' (4'(-'(t,;
Lr
Vlr= J vtrr
q
!1;
r""{@
9'1,
,lL' - c

t
t..
=c :
:

'11 [p{ +, = Lr"(rr.


o

("" f tato* '" t


I
-'
f*on [ss I o)
t.'..- , -4f r*
L =o
t".*
f
^o*' t fly

14
tffY )?rtl.tif&d oJ ,,iiuJu, a2
t-

++ wj uiw o. uJ-lt ...ttsuur ,

*o 0,J
eg t*r, f'
cd vfr = o
I Vl, = a-' (u) = t [c ,l.+,)'l.lz
id=o
W
tV' tr
\1.e1 fU^, f a

ce& f*-t^ =- t I

0 *^ = cs(- '(r,)
f*,e^= f-pt-' Ir) d br,tn- CnJ -'(- ,)

4 *t," . o'
iu^.-& rsd
?u! illp, I
*t ftr t #*+ pi"=;
€^= t,la ot += f u,
C* Vlr, t ,la
Yl,. L€d-'(t'lrr) : .r
(o ) -rlo
".+

Fd ut =o

Vl, , t Tl+
d,
T c€/ tn, = t 'nl,
C{$ { o,
,a

o'n I '1, )
-'
d+, Le< 15
A,' J-u Yt',rz)
v> &"^ftu!_ eaJ-i,e{6*-
* :t- A 1o
e

o'd '{i
d #, tsd
I e ei ,
i^l *q3

\ l*ti,.
* J 9u^J^=r
\i,
*
lg'j V l,w,t "q
--?.&,.
.ll
,/ i\., '

!t, I ffr=n
It
ii

l,r I
I
\
1
,
c *
1,
't

? zjo
.
r

L
y lkrr (

.,| -+-
('u1''-ro'
f ry " ',r,"
\/

TV,
r::d
s Be.*"l- f! &t .9t
t'o * -
" O-oLr o-Lts,t p at*uu It

16
+'3_L aws
t+ tAl+^!-
ft ;N D _ FLRE *re *y7
L
*L-

e> EPtwtts^ 44 l.uiqrl il*rLr*f .


I

Cs.tl &ts, L ^i'd S,u*-&({/, 4g a.^,il- *L q**i;_


,+
Psf ) oL

of.rl tqrl"- .

1 lu- Ltrputpui.l ,l-r$-fr& tb trrf


,i-t ,AetLt-qnl t arl& *l
I
.,

cI
-t /a*t *,.? uffu-JL b-rLL )r^^f a pJLdk- d.
\ I
qy

offd.tu TJi..o{tu.
t*;.
L-l z * €u kV e ehtLNc
l:r-t* $k$eW {u"*
'*f S.o.1rr&_
PB:A*
-?
E"v
= * €o Nlz += Ele&ulc S** h*dj,k+
{*^ /
PAf'd- es.r.uw
'*; t
Te p#*! I
f
,

Ll ff"i,,fiu* :

= I
J
-' i

L,
{- r.*
-+"q r
_!:4;.' :.
eorruu ,LuwLi-t& ui*h
It Cu,..qr uJ-l

't_y

! Q.{*-r,^u 0.t ep-,,$-ar-a

'+ f - po? r.tr Ss..'rtu'

J.
t5g3 Y1q dt"r,^*^ ,+ _fe4 !r:*
, !+rj uw*r,
17 u Uleq
V .E. W ,^* -f&* O
yX,{r-uta E +*rr
t
L ,[,
f,rf "IcU6*
Cc+l.tott

lf*^^ fus -fl^u tt*l- q-LLtt^tc, i.,


_-> ?->-->
ftU
o1 = Et +-ee
= - eo L-Vb + vo I Vlz. <- #* 1**
s, ,6vlt
1=e'fivl'
VO
LL u- 3
vlrl

l,J"K T
-@
aio +"-ju:tt(*30
g'i'- ,--i' - azd sf.,-e
I vl, -j rvlz
fl:t
\,,
,,, er- , Lu '- = 0f ^{-rrt
q1,
*-:>
tll o ', €.r o, Cei tln ! lu)
!1, trr Pj t, Sr" V/z
f** t^*4t"**
t.

l*l =
}r

lii L

..)
t
,/4,
try

o
0.o
$ur
/.Le\-w,"1-l3r;; u!!* t J"*a tu
A.F z r."=JZr)_

L*l_on
A.F -- E^=, Sl^ 9'1,
u,r1^1'1L
tI e:t tllytlrtL
I
" & Ec

D--lis r,tl,.r,r- fr^A, dlvui,*^t


18
,+ 1> wouS,uu pi> r'4f v1wa-
?ii> $ppo bK-irc , ,l,ltan'- ht.^ J onf.,rf lat,ooroo ,l \, l- 0,,) ttbn
44L aJr, /*.tk$ hanJati*

Nr fi.u l.ld-ir,r,rc.Li 3lJ ,bt*t ,tr"dyj,


r *n l* r f^:,,&
f
9*or.., A&yf.Ur& u!.fctn U)-).'d" o

b^rL' Bff'l,"tu fx y& [*L {:w:.,tr, yet"r-


e^ = $j* .Vlz
t"tLrar-" y= F&*+
.[t it u* ik^t
?f oL =
+ uw& l^lr f rR .-* \-
ty = pdcu + : ,9t
,,\
x-L Cui+
,1

&

y' rcs'l +
-@
?.> ? lrutt f G r,u-r r)
A
t,lyt Q-,ri.r U,t6 o
d

.*t w*ufru^ d,burfi&,*t ,

E^, Jr a-t += h**o


Si* Vl, = * t =) Vl, =.olf a-, (t r)
Vl, ' J (-a^+,)alt-

f^* r=o ) ty=-nc*$


_TC"4 + F J r
&- bz

CELb= tt
lwo^

aO
**n* = c,ed-'C*,1

4*.* - Ca-'(t) Bq C,sr-'{-,;

{*on = 0' * J rri

19
) s:*trts-{^4 oL
?
,
vi uJ"wa e"

---_
++ vuj *f r,,,t a dnu,.Ler^a

€r.=O et + ' {u^


Yl, , s^-'I oJ
)
Yl, = rfanrJ
1IC,o( + . + WT
-T
C.ed+= ! &frvt

pL* !t =c
L4b,I u'i ur
to
4:
l'trt t1
[Bd-' (t o)

,!,'l
\, dp
I ttut^ (.o{-'( t ,;
I

lr
f ,r.. 1 f* *+ ')'4y
hrr
\r
fe w=o
,t . .L .--l
El rt',lljtu-: I Ar.
lL
,

trty ll-f p, :
++--' &"]-+ pwfit Ffl
,^fu

Lt" - + tl
lv
-2- ) + 't-rr
fe
DL^ Vly - t:=
tlz
Y*lr,5r^-,It1)
Vlr-- t La "+) \+
P-&. vt -o
9lr" !al+
T Ld 0*- t -7r

---E- +
dLs\ *-; lY 20
Ie! d= 'l' I
tuP
{

{irf, ter'(J;) .=) 0u, . *"'t*)


{ Hr

4Le, p
I
afrlew ;
* aIa
+ r,ttrut = !no
+, lrf te;, trg,i

{ut=ei

\o*
iEo' {"& r+
{*** ryr)
'$**--0" Ol rtlg't;*

J -"* + r(q4( '

hd.eJ"tts*

. f-, ' '1,2'i

tM E nJ- - "l^
L--
I
u, (L4LL0L?
[ L**au NriL p dLoaL^J

21
1
lr, 4 ?, .*Wr
^*
n+ n-
Fr*"i
-'
eLtu" t!," !^ytt!t p
lt- o-oqd 9o"mu [- Wiltalt
I {

&*s"t, L--*", *n: +>, ,4* . ltu1-Ltuh/-


\,
v A a.^t& atlth:.fri^4l f r,, lrluru_ol, I
"$r.^t ^ja^,
Arvi-s

t/1A )J,UA A!']*+au il


+ ____li_ .

P.,4.er""t,
A, 'Ay 4s *a *q Arn-, 4-
Axi.r

ffiT) ?
=t'n-r)H :$

I /tA fu^to-.t
r--
oflL$ ,t- okufi,t
rii

tNxt lurur^W lj aml e"9-$-t/d-!


d'
,+ ,n- ok-^*"fu , fr^r-

*A.*Y IA

lrt , ?L ir ?i*^ 4

f = AdJ;Lrt^^"]- il^4tu- AltiJl


4('+ f -- o' p eh^ru
d -- Ls; -- .r hur # t,.,.| - l;w
/r"t &[r_{" a-h;!uc +eJ^
ja
94,*A;
"-)
FU".t65g
p/i,ut- f ?r,t 1* ],,tt
{t*,^
Peqnt
A&^rr,njj *t, Av,4,
22 t - +h fc.rfr;Jlru-/7
0a
0
T#d"l- oi61-f,-uic *a"l-
I
3r
-->
L1 '* Et * Ec * E" + - - - . * E'^

a *^e
r.0
/>At'J"Lre- L d-L k4 uunu
Lr = /q" t-
Eo Pfiaw*u-
.-, t
trJ -- Eo N-
--+
€s = Eo bv
-+ -*
Ea Eo l3tY
i

E^ = E' &t-Djl-
22
ev' ts L*
A
1."..

I
5-*....L t {
.Lt{ 1.-1c ,t Ct
I
,\
*o -f st"{- nfu^t"rUc
o k ,t* 6
E1 =F-t #Eu *es + -- !g->

+ dhlt(&((trc.
e?

e1 '-trlc .* LoL9-'+ eoleV +

{4*"
A = eo + e"jY*r,*i'v- 'i f e t"i[
a -r) Y'
G
l-krlt, fL,l ilurLs Lr hy t iq
71.t1
' ,l i ,r,
E'r iJ*, fotJYi .rrj"*,u tir,i,..l -.+ Eo .i("-'*, no J"k)
S-r-.-t{.ri,.rt € rrur 6r. G
*{",
(tJo- [1 = Lrti-t+'- [c
€, [*f v-,; j tr, (L[. w-,
->t
E-t = e , (rinv,-)
(riw-23r)
: €o ul"vl, ( ,t" vl*_ o- i "vtr) --@
v)z
( ,irt, _ vlz;
"i "_i
.rpo - f
Nkf e-u iJ '
e
-- afSfxe
*1,
i,

, ; u[" i" vl, ,_ ef


s,^ ( W;
"-
ivly
(,-
- jvYlz
L = Pjsr"LVlr) --@
j- vl' j (, vJz * t,lz)
, : ( jt ^ ,) \,lz _

-;xrl; =(-

--+ d j er,{^ tp}z)


I j(^-,)tPlz
er - €o
ca j sr"[ .+ll>) )L
-___> r D-t v, ( v, VJy; vIy
>
fili
E {ti E1 €o I
L &:" { Vl>)
I I "iL"')
*J
,,||
d
oo Tk" ur^flrt-bL&"
'+ ["tot-
*B f,.la ir
ii

ii rr
t4 l :I e,
S"r.
\---*,g
( u VID
r ,{t"
-t

ff^ ( qlrj I /it'1


li, l' e' "9l^ [ v Vlz)
#" r.l'1,

oo * rutop {q" ;r
r'v!)
A.F li'l
- lil-l^on ea SJ"[
|
el^ PI2

€c

6.,9^ Vl,

24
? u*Y-*' s{'\ 0
o

U"lW ,I;u-ry* afu)'llrt4f Z

* E+{&I
o,A:J
fnd"t
,+
tu^&.
'l 4-r.d--qr.uuroJ aLot.7 lii-r-

* tw
fwTuw/ pl^otL _ Ll^;+L Lrtw<,n

+ *ll*w,t *o,,
TH
r" 1f .0*f g!4*.& /,? &_

UrtW jj,,ur."* a,uoj_ .l: w

T*ts[ Alrq"4,' d-fy& ftU* : L^ -- U.st"(uVll


Si" [ .t'/sj
I
Q,al
+- fu-a?effiu o{ b*"lltL o-ut& .{;u. un;+tu" t
M*^1, el{l.tlat+{
\

5L n a
rw &a+"x,
^r"[4
evd- ksLt.
ctlt-9-tdu
_d
t
L frd#.*-'s, pJ""t- 6=a dz * rB ou = - 7t .fta.&
I

i5k '6' d= *&t


ti'. p*c"'+ ry ' f ed 0 *rr-
J pla"* &w1fu rU

'lil;"o,'-f-a=l
it
) Di uu.L? v;t" ,{ 4*** . t 1o, 4o* -- ; a,xd- J re,,.

Frd"dfl"
w,,,uiua f ulo.,tto* { *'f d t*L")

+ }r*,tt &rx.tr gr"(ryJ


= r r
srv(.#) = t r
')o;ro"tt*
wrwJ. rtl.q
K.l,L,3,+,--- k - l, r, z. l,+
) gr.re
ff"(rl#) sl.^("+t =E
2 &"Ls &*J
wJrtu" Y.1,2,11
= o

,-- .-
f r *t,e,", +,--)-
\**
I
25
y,*U"^t
l::-----"
P ',

i}.?r fsq,ur s!.^,.r-r a!,-t- ,+ w* Ll, w


7 at* t;*-
il N*h lrf.e . *"? ,^:fuA- d a-^&
",^ptuL
c{ yLo/L d*yau*a o{ ,1, bLw.u^ aAia:.e,e ,j"^*rt,
sLi.nt" fr& ];rlL r,r#:ttL.!, ar^& 1:^1, itr Eu?tt qal
+}1e m.

Q?*,,,
oL=
-L *
6
{: u- pafr-o.t-uur,
I
lr\ = + Bu F,tl = {
H-feH "- |
f,= 53. Y,"*
l,J ff {ox W V = p&c, 0 + d^

ir.
\. 1

i
W=
L g x\. c+g +J- tpo^d rJ r
I-l _3 [ o'{r. ,t *n, .)
Jtr

ri
'.,a
tr
i;
t,
on' Y =
,, n,
+ [r +c*( 0J
7g Altdtt "fl-q-e6 a-tr-c* p afrLw<a,

xl )i..ttittt,Ufu M(trtituir, ( d^"^) ;

cr-t 4= i*r* ) y..a


nr (.,*re\+*".-,;
i
+ =(
I

t" J-i [e. {,nu,o," = Q

e-,1 {*,oo = - J

(*,.*n, Le-{-'(-r)

b *nn = t tg,"

-U r..i Jir.".t S or,tu-[

26
bI s...,"_ *'.*.-." d

)' d*r,r ; si" f l:Y


T)=I - 0
K - Sr& tot" tui-t,uLf}
9.,
t ry) -0
I

L
u : J Kr
l\=4 ) tY= 4(,+ La
+l 5v

[, I C€l tJ
',;Jvr
K
. J y'n

r+ {( E

'or JZ 1 K'r

fiIF t t 3K

s4*> *q + /i 'r"Ji&
{r lA
-, f -e-
3R'
I
I ( rx 0 * n t te - I 1 ir
T} 3x
L -r
t{

i o'{ t -r,r)
IA ..- l
t2 \
*
Yr' {-s!"/ ex-'J
,\
L F &

rt Lrn
c".L-'f 3 _, \ -'f , \ il

1_ LD2')= CE(
lT)': trc
w'' IJ-,) G{'l [*) +-
'r.-6ur
=
Lwvoijd-
I
g*rn = ! ei
6,.6J [+,)
- tru \{" !
3td
\i
$'q f
$ =-*6,

6o'
{'*un= t lrd
$. - sr,d
{ }.L
+ -bo
.c
,{ *-"?( f=.)
If
Irrl o['
ttrt

Q
"'ti
&.-,i""
27
&=-60'
B td ?N , Btmm urt J.I.h bat ut"e^ $w* N,utu

&rul,rr- 2q;

00 llyew ,ry -BtulN ,.J+J .tz;


(wrlD &2
I*i e,! 0,{A.,, ilr- Jrel"t.itri* ,+ *,^ *r*rt
fery* sal',1, n
--*--
T + ?tvfuItc l'$ututJ *-*" \ d.ri ro,tto ,+
\rw1 a^* Mg ?Y* fu*,rh. etq.dur tt^-
! 'a+r,tt-u
Lil*#";fv t*+

I ^=n
* =Ll
Dl
\, \ rr
i ei^,"
'^
it Ay_ilt L &,:.fh \,.$^d,tL

w ""f l"I
?

.J 1,,
eo[ J-1'Jf&r"o.r-

li
Y"o etL}r. y =
@
r,,
an
I'
lt
lt u,
porce-.(
f+{
tr'{L ; ,+ ,6.t CI1

*+ cE4 d *0,
,9'n

v, ,*tl+
.-
f @
Ts S&1,"r^ i&.J,? s,fu^ p alL-u,n E .

a) lviofoi -tn6t i
g.
J> D'i-ructt'rruf
\-- _'+ H::g et"{ re!" , :j
t
# r/\l,ttu.^i we - JJou&r n* t +, f*.-J
Y =o
-f iui
f*-;. c
-,u- C"d
wr A t 0
28
Tr^^an
h..
Iwtflrt- = Ce^'-' ('.J = t.q i
b> [-r"i. ie'i,er I

l> .*-
Sr,"brt {a-s
? urf ,r.i t1^ a ,, fL
-:===

su. [r# ) :0 f-
l,t tP
.ffn'(o)

l!_E =j- k:r

Itr4 ;v p " f {"


. ,.li \ TLt+ dI rLLlu
. . .i
il+
I
K'n

,r* [r- 4*r,, , j K n


,K
{
,^, 9* r,uin
Le'
'K = + ,if \
|
n/
/,

Y*f,
,k '= (et'' I _+ k \ s
[ T_l
AAr:-\-r- K -- &J" j-ubu urLW-hB .

L4* /t.{- 1*h" j k r, fy" =- LDt'' (t,p) = ! 6; : t tti


=
,

J ^& (Jd- ]"shr- ,u


K*& !,r**=L.d-'[r,i = o', f red.
gt& s.toto Le* l V-q
-
-
l--o )
f-*" = co( -' ( r, , {) + fuv*l.r{ .

t +- *y^J
'".-
\,^r-x
,J> 'Uu.bl.;Cottttl
y' lurl,r,i ur,rs o

l- -----i-:-i-

= Jt
Sio -'l 1 r)

1fur+)+
il._,rj, lp,: 'n Lpi d,
t n
tk
'1 rv^A
'.1

29
3X 'trw dtt* t (ar +t)
"l ,
q
t"-

Jt^4 &N^W
I
k
far+) xt +
DL

Ld t-* -- t_ [.rr + D
4

f*"^ =

AJ^t).!- K- S_g.[- u*ru_bu,

re $&o t-vtw X K '/


--1, b
\_ Yt^ = L*'' (t "lr) =t +t, +o 1 ;
t(tz*. rO
U ^& .Sd{- !*h, ,,
k-- o, +y'* = u''( r z) :) rwa)-tL ,

lxl
\.
!'d'-
'Vo 0**' tli ) Ewo*-*,.L=+.
lq
y" = t6o', tpi
f
!1 I

I
?y^ = d, ttsi
1.,

hr*n = r+1.+',!tzt.rq"

19 L
il
+d
l
f** 'oo" --bo
.o
ot'd
\ X,{ le +;) t"t^
6h
\1\' ., \{'"
h"*'
\R hlFA.l ,6 o"

a ,\ +-u4-
k+ tr
)

f ,*^ (_',ru', Arfu ol


-*4. +' 6 --'d *^) T
If"
V
l-*
\
f'4^,-orfir'
Prul* .J
30 I *o*
Ad
dy , - 4rtro
[ru* tt{L kodid[Li^ p outfurr-.i,l Jo * rn ;cqi cltli hil .,,,i.e
fhaa
,lur-t,(_ Ji-o,u-ft e/ ;^

B,"r Ftt = I.zd- 6; - 6d


Vtt, TTr"-".
u^^1,.

3> A y*+ o+ + ?l*J.;:Itc l'4/.rtt/.U &qh lte


ur.tu o1pudrj- dn
br;} o- il^i+t
fJa&*"rAt
'_ '++wl wL Ao^il._
e:=->
er^flfrrrl"
fr^* + &n t-utryuatt .
t!* fr,L
$,ot- lcuo*
o^rd d.rLLn^"^l, r-- l+g t t,^t uL* Anu*,;* ,+ /,bLUr.
6r*,,
tt\ -- 4
u=*,
oa f-- *dY t/
n-'p.& l-
5

," 1 fu.a- ?uq-vr urw-.tr -*n


0o
a

Pn*
, ^ nY-'
ry V:"{tt* \P
ffu ----:--Z
*u*r, _i^

f
Y= #
^+ u1 f _r
trHt-rr @

V= t [* *- tJ
fv
a.) Mq$ .a-er

L> Dg+,n* of
IF-cr-t^
dpl1- i,tao-u-i
r- '-____ wr,,-
o.
o

*t +"- +*-* ) V=,


r (r,a $*;D -- C

k {**-l : L

ts( + il^oir,r -- I 31
6, trr04 = cd
-,( ,)

Q **^- = Oo

#,>

e>
i
I

I
N> N,&ruy MJ*i? silt g

a*

k= l, t,3, - -..
fSfd4
+ Lo (* f*,-,)J = rrn l.h, wr*,/"U
-I
I
"t'

'tnfc-"r ff^_,J =!yr


*f,y^ -r '!*1,
fuf*^ L=tK
lr e
* d{' ' lj i l' s.
ir,,1*eut ,I -.t'ik
Ct*( q; uLL*.;"rut*vvt
a ! '1
L !'o-Ltur & ll
c* t#. . r-.F_ J
(*

0.;
ll,t,ria Le(-'/l-It
L *)
-AiJ.,-
7-*' " l*\o M,U^ o. i t tti,i, ''(,
__
K =t )
Jtl = (^^
,
-*) , w-,&) = ! c;
ll

U "* Ald. l-t.-ha u;dv,iu.,a2


G
k= L )
{-,^
r1
; C.rcr-'(t- D z (a-'[o)= tqi
& sJ" )^b,
Eo
-:-
urf*€u.ra p
Y=3) (+
Il3 ruur = (,#"(L,-+J -'[l-*l
-T) !12o"
i) = c-o-r
t" =

+* gfJn- IDLL trutuf u6. ; K=4) tlu*^ - (-#.


32 {, -r) --cu -,[- t) = ltro,
V= q f--n,*Jf"J*.
B **r"Iri* p 2 6lit'to* --
efl-u-u" E nl J.ekr
#
oo
" I,*to* vd/
J,&*i'Y f 4*,, t __ 6o", 6" ),,)
9rr'^ t tii o
Y'?d*n
ofunlle": a 3----- t''g' =r,":
,
15, = .,

& NLl$

pJr&Atrrtl,

'tl'-
-J+u , --\t
'-
e
\Yo -tl 10
o

tr* r
!i

-- h0
-
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b I \r
Crn ^ I I

j
\\",
,F

gvl?N

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o
lBo

* vsf $*u
:@ o+
a4 ayray
\ )
e1""" tl' &t
,i
:

l^- \
L
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\'**'

,t I

+**Y''"
*1:
-lLb &*n .
ly

!+ = s.rtt''[t,) = t [ur+)1,
b\=4; Y= t(*t'f*-D

+ ' [ * (* *y-,) J. t r+)xJ, ca

LE+y"y -t.
Ldd
t [,fr+Dol,
ah*^ =![
33 t- r;rr1 ,,
-t L--q11
r1 ) _:_
1*Ftt))1
-+-/ \

r
t=1,
\t,. I
yy_ CE{''l
\-&- t- 3 \
-q) '!10 q
=
t
r
Y=*, u Lot''f r'L
f,*no
t/ )1) =tlc+.q1" =-
AE
I 05

K = 3, Lv I- Yr
(l
{*,u^. [c+'' -+)=tllr'tr'1'
\.7

+> ," o.-4^ **^? o+ tt r


foq*t A*ux,ut wlut- .A, fu.
"41rl},. '+ Ue,,',k 9n aAAifi"u^r-
f"@ t
{ u"-.
: d-v t€'s o
6
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E* - l^u. i.u f--

Wfu
p
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1l

34
Yn.a* + {a) : E.!-u[-t'ile qL d: p* atL
* -Lt^J"
i/\-^-&
- A-l.-^
U,,**
I^t-
+==---- nn-n&

4"C"r"*p4yW*:i-
v\'^.le"
Llf*"1

lxt

qfq
Lk Ll'iL"L
D?i^ dJT pil lLwf, o+ ufi.**,u q7 u)^r- dgttfi{"t
qnt'e
-
+ WLr'"YffiJ esY* -| "'*-^
ry

bt qrro.ld4s uu.o,,u. :l L = tl+


W ,

e) # *-f ur )t!- ry *,| , = nl,


tl
et Lr.? t^-of-!.o .-,L*r)^unt L, Ll ,
t
!ia

=, I'\
TJd^ - j.3 rual, o_r,rtn-,a.+ s4 o

'*-__-

'l *f #*o*1 f#"L'*o# 1.j^,


Ald4
L^lJ.-u,\,^L

arty*uat
q]& t*U"t eJ fl,r-f n- l1w^* a,,d--o-^.w6a.

L>^t+
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'd <14 *,
lss

Tr-t h , ,Ll*r oi a u1t-tvuno.

.*
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Os^^rtara L ild-c\k dr*"utc -!-nLti '[ L& IJAlte,/e
\
-twt
T = loLt
ll-th&s4L Io= W V*.k-u -@ a{ tiu, &r-rrHal,tt .

35
h
$t nrk
il.*&Mjc-
effal-
*
+
L
a* t-o

C-urr&rl & -f-.1 l:rt* qf


lae ^-L i ?ut
cL d&a*,- r.f
't' uA
{or"*, tl^r b^*}4 Yg.rJf-f."
fu^L
"t-p"U
Au, fl"- !5rd1&l- # f* C a*t* w"n",trc
Waat-) k q,di
"10"1_ q a.$lnn* kr l.tr-qx/,.
Fde'f' ir
L,5-s
r,

?* o{ ,t-tg* = L -- 3 xto? tu e*J


l
o', 1Jlu- luj=u)r.ee& U-w.u^A of p-Dr,),L
Dtt
\ I

\
T. LCj*k-+) @
veLrl& 5_ , L?u' tt@*+
5 'c P fuxtw*\*H" a!.a,.rlr
** L^-!-a,il^ y,^L 'f t^ -fu "{;d*
a "9
Jr *1,1" CoLI-rLt
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+ try *q"+ s\

U:rc -Uv,
ft* iln,J;''lul- .9ra"l-f a-Lt, ttur-{=6

'(#)'r' = #
0
?

7"r0.& -- T^^, x
*,
2*u.l}
I
-f"r fi"1* i) flfu' \
d*-
A,1"" porur& T*!ea(.EI.t lr_ :

p
L (' ,f'r,.+ =
fl :s
fr
4tr $'t
uu [u, &-,u- ?,t*,qr-{,n^1 E
l,na*it,d
Yz.fit h^

44 P"*u- -- jj t, &s + mef,7 rrrr-t4


36
a* tfu-& f*utes wL ,^X lxux * $ fiA-,-

uuk- 'ur-clse 'S'r,.HJ,l


ff\er^Z '{1' i
*tt'Y V.rcL'i )-t l,rt-( q,k.i- .!-e
f*J {*q {,".nr[ G+uy'*,tlr
,1 oo.J n ui-r i.ur,r a ila

sT ''+ kr
Pt-
[r*, u+)

Eo -l €lyt*Nc #** vr,,-,


Hfi => G*fa^- tutl,t.lo o+ +14 frn 4,u-'
a
A-) ' ffi'r.Ar:,n fr,t fu9r^il
P^Er"u"eJ
tt-
o
&u'ug ucc_t* i.r
{
r
)
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tl
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ll\
JJ YL $, Sf,.e ul. d
+

L b ,.r-u'-i {, o-!-u- !A)-Lo&"l- Q*.u.&a-u-p-


+
+ {u*,qLtL
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= rzor
l+++ I

AJ
lru I = lcc-r I ++ I

F *,q
$rW C**|*** of AWI- ilqrtttfc e+l1fu r
Jj,J" , + =-#j

t-

37
fu-

v*
e-tutut;*\

g*'g#e_W
fiile Cy^rl"*r^$.t
r-- w,*; CI..er_r_ 6

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lp
t\,
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lg
e> Xtc'7u*.lc $da- G^\"-"t, i i, *-+
lla , tt.p ,
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.-
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:'
il
e"6' z $

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th --o
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=

lf+ --
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F
)tutLt lt-n)
l1
+'^\
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'-S

I = I]
I-il /ll+;
4"9
Fr K*rt'il* !ryia+&rr" * At^N .fi -L a
wulJnc_ ef"r t
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L* iot (l Lr",r.lt't r-lrr-rt-tr-ic
o q
I14 !
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,v ld +'l&
Lr
<-** { ^ Im-.lf'^l+ >>
{
<) ,tffi
7- <-
:+ .>\
/
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I
I
\
I
*

tu
l4x r -- -T" .-l*" L fl^s [rue-Loro.ot ?rt . w;44 lL,t
tlt-tr,rritrurrwl Vefurt-

Jr I , .ro

[r-t '(7 t" tw 3.{-"J,?eL}" [un/ *,o-uty aJ )Nn *!nd:r:,


e,g, T

Ll rr fr* ,'t.trtuic"r P4nu


r*'I-{-uL &-t fr^t earil^'t^a iJ

hrr T*',nu = I^ =+
'{-L V}
@+
i

l"f Ja f*.Ie u't";u f, aL


df. t"4t,- '+ 'y' * *t/,
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I \
ffu-*taaa4 ' ''
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D f',n fan
I r"* = ) J r L" sr s!.,,.0 d+ d- p
& _*o
Q=o .

S",r.+s,Ieoxu6] _@
hrr .leil -_ l2or
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0
Ao
m^fi) w-rl*\ i 6" =
*- Ruf t aou I +r+/
ia qt"J
^
I+rt
^ Il1ql" , lr+t,

Sy ' 6o'r lilptL


uotuAv
I tl4 l=.trlft.Sf^s a
d-rtts.
4tv

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A
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n,
l{-Jd .
o
lw,^ W$, il*;Jlr-^
P.r** =-! 3-p'r'( [v, ST*, E ,
Sfl^ o d+ &q
Qn'r' J J I

,& =o Q.o
n* d

lr'a = -l 5 ,o' P' ,,' f ,n


dit 4+
^
Qt i--o
)
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40 D
lr.* t I o TJ tv
PL
---- -- @

{JaJ*r u* t.u C"^U!"}*


€l&&uic^l- , x
f* ful;,.est
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foo &"r ._ to-!c


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t LJ
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41
' l,J;,_ !4a_d: atrt* Mujule^u.
tuL $; t,-
T + frf"u
bL lel -la

fee I q" ro**


U'J C"LI&!L?l,q.t-
W oLixl o.t -il,rt-onda
^a-
p
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K"f , .Jo fv-@
a U- psi^u,$ !\A-J:-t d ?
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ll
py
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4
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i !l
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fs,"& s, ors

Ir
ru KT W&r\ WrJ.r, ^r1^i_hudo it
id

ri
rL

i!,
Nkr
**fp+t =
tzoaa!- le,l =i2oal+p 1

:!

It

o'o Itl '+ (-e(,r,o /*ol xlp+t*)

fr I = [c,'\ lu pt' G,
a!* *"l,;tuA, u+ -
*\urLic t'&omrty ,+ xlo
^ ," +,-tl,
ry ?tt fu- b f*^ W d.L.*.trr.^ ,+' 'p'
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ryj&_rye Lffia
o ^u T&-,- **? n;&rJg ,+ poXOr"X, \j:tf"\ lr
If; l- 6on +r+1,
: @,,C#, x
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J
f; ) = . ,:r,r": y,
I
+"t;t f
L = (d, ry.)
er^iu l
42
.'l
1 JM- f4y4$ s+*$ afr* r t{*L0
lu U

@:e flr*& " rt, ds


Jj
,r &d

:[(s#)
&_-o
t, ,_ L
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t6t;Y I f u,(4,o dtr


Pr,.d* = a J r\ --:-^
s) ')
$,fr
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e'9 C-fr'to ,/) f,


I

$=a
-- .t5f,L x (t,ztel (trr)
x
f

ToL +@
-(.I"d"q
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iLic ,
k
[*a
L fuLt t4^aA-7 dB
q
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t tlriiak p*u:-rt-.: AZux p&.a- a
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r-
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K., = 1s'q6:i
8r g ?s -rt

AI"t" :
W fla-t,n -Li u-iot; ci- iutr vLx rli 7-l& d-f""rfird ,+ flr
j} & L< [
la0
hr^* ! +t Uyn --*d t.,
fr
fr>
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*+
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rl wo.Aa
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j..t !) (r >>xlz)
43
AJ^"- j.4L$-U* Wfu ta-rccr- \, I/&^ tf,aa dJ*
u,,,tLy*.,*o :A R"- 4a:>

"
i ll+ a-,,,*-uw^,,rq R^t _ ls ,t
i = "56'T 4
2J\ utJ-Lv-n* (.^r :,t , ls ^ + .- &qYJt

l*u,*' g1^ lreJ"l ,1-d" t-utfu1*n^, \^* $",, {-i&-*


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w au* xlo d_efLl
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d';t-"f,
+ Prq _L d.ffd," , lltol , r: I u(olrcd+)-l
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f_f fua- u^A:
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t/ 1 &u[t..r..yta ;
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tr.
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uon il* q?w^ a.ug,u6


44
d
f.L ,{.l*'tt aE
t
Fy' sorL(*)
roz r( A)'
t --^1
8o'n
L
L+r)'
k, l,sq rL

f Jf t d.e
,irg <-----,'
F"
f 'l .f K tnu,t
1,st
7'tq + p.t

L" 4r,qt,l,
<+ A .Magneh'r- *- .6lre nfih r"| eDl"rAI,a., i,& ,/
"fd
relulreJ 1o te- P"oduc"J d- a- P"ft.r- a'5 lcrtn fe,ar r!.

irt i:rcc.i&'&" plca're, fur'f ree Epcate'


fh" Gi'uFtrtna- ll',n
t-ior,*] iltu{cl. pe r,iea- i'5 :Fa-carr8'a{tltJ b?'
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Q; A H ce lf t'u aL^Q cJf P'o; s

( ) A Mwnopole qu aals 6 h')cr-v.e durG"rrro.

L-> Lrie Kvrou.i Jha-t- pci,',eu J1-cxrtErorl'*tJ


Gnil'*ninr^
.\ +, P

ftn--{ennnx * Rr &, Pear cuwe,d tr' *.


2- ,-- [,{g hai'^g +o
P,Z 5"RY
Y'qd A *-a &'.a R",Iufu
Qfrwo: .lH+l =d-ox64 Akm i '{=
* Brootd 6iJ" plene :) V=no b

(D Hert3iao dfpole no-


r\/\-/\-n-/ /\r\-,r\-./
45
Li ,j I

N r.f. + Herf&i qo (shorr dipot") drp"tq &^6*,*-


Rr
i4 e-= so n*(+\: &oxr( ) )-
Rn = 8o r "( *.)-
Rr= l"Q6g3 -f.r-

Te l-,^J cuort*J
,rj''. \\ \
J..u

for G1frr.- .i*,Li -


6
lr+6 i =&6 x rc,

{r" Fieri]iaur$lpo(n , rr-jhr roFL


{sLe,rt .lrr"r,i * Ii-t4; = Si'r1 D
;,
s u'lsH' }-,,rh F= : .u } ;-
* a L
3r
oixroSour

S;tic, (- t,..";r,.L P\o'rr, lt''qt 1;

Jn
'-
fftl1|,y' =aoftyL: ix tl:ta3
i.rsiure (rn'tiL:\;1.
6
; )(i; -)^'r" )
f ='i.> dexdgx lu x ,? xr L-i
"
-fD *-Aooox tC3 rt

-D = S.o A
T

5
iB

Pc,r.Jer rooli ,prDR,5 :"


. )_.."J<d 2 J^ Kf
C/s\c, o{
ii cr,rlrrrrli(d
+ &t
3a
=-'1:"26
Yr*l .2" b {6 G/
I = },..l

46
(ul * .1"a4 ur;a,,wa drprle :- C L= -t/) \
A..71/^- /\//\-/#-

{* Hql} t'ro$/e d f PtL -, Rr = *:sL


ft +,tSg^fr I Gn"eo lH+J = 4oXlo-to

f,..l.Hf {H+J
' =*dn-'u-
:os {r/r
Sin e
cos &
I +3 ^ e.rr
a',.,r-

{"r & = 9o' e osf % rose) coS?,ry@


$," ng
c9rJfl
=
I
lstoA!:s*)
1L
A
.'P A
t ^\b+
J-
)l

,t/
,.ra

io -:,i ox fo x{ n-} Jxl D3 6


'\.

= P5 l" 3aT /ta1 t\


L
Pft4 =# Ru-= (asr-ae+zr;9
_a
c{_
x*s
il
*s,*
C") +* @uarkr #ttoR t(onopo{+, 1 L= btl ) B,?.t
P"od b9 n*lf ruaua o;po[-
&-g
+ ""d *2
L*t .-i.u,w

= t.l ti
6.T*5.1"**
$i r;t" h)
P".e

47
€) A^ eledt-i'c Fre ld s+r enffb + Iol* vJ^ i6 lb
n-',eOgelred 0$ a_n 'gkervolioo po1of
4 - 9= 2

5 o o l(''a^7
fno ro,, q ha.lf to.Ja6 d?pof q qnu.,lnq ;p.
c{j- SoMHZ '
'*-y,
(aJ ,Jhqf I'xihe Te.+g'+ Drpole
Ca; Cqlcuh,b JE CL[rd"erf thd] nnutsl te
*.a lo Anhrn,no.
€) Ffrd F" c\€rtge pouoe?r )qJlqkd Lxd"lnv*
+ llfr, vl6, ) o-qd: ^tr=SrDkra-,
lnel= lox166
-}.r"t+ Naw dt po[s : + = sDx to6 ntr
g) Levrgfh_^t_:tole i- t . 6hrqo drb. d;pot" {vB"
i z Hql* {^lel,Me i
,^\-A=/V\--
f pota Anntu*t*

..u l-=4= ('|il c -axrol = 3+nr

CA-l (rrnrr,ii ( To) i-

T Crrravd t8 '-rtla,&; +o |"Ict8nt-.i-i c -|-^ j


'\-\-T -,'r*-^
et S+rtu,glb
lol. k"
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lE6 J = tox t b, r,, *, )

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[gry,-l
--ED ) 4
2018
SAI VIDYA INSTITUTE OF TECHNOLOGY

Venkatesha M, Senior Research Fellow, &


Dr Narayan .K., Dean (R&D) Department of ECE

MICROWAVE & ANTENNAS


(15EC71)
VII SEMESTER ECE

MODULE-5: ANTENNA TYPES, HORN ANTENNA &


LOOP ANTENNA

MODULE 5: SYLLABUS
Antenna Types: Helical Antenna, Helical Geometry, Practical Design Considerations
of Helical Antenna, Yagi-Uda array, Parabola General Properties, Log Periodic
Antenna.
Horn Antenna and Loop:
Horn antennas: Rectangular Horn Antennas.
Small loop Introduction, Radiation Resistance of Loops, Far field Patterns of Circular
Loop Antenna with Uniform Current, Comparison of Far fields of Small Loop and
Short Dipole, Directivity of Circular Loop Antennas with Uniform Current (Numerical
Analysis) BT Levels : L1, L2, L3
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*Ft*/- *)^t- ll*Xfl^ f- , +l'


W. aflLtrLr'e uw* -tl_*a

n -fo* apcd.ruua i-L Lo lt, -Ir,-*+n .i", le ). a-


l^xxt-a"l1nulaj, -lM!-Lr/, ujrfrA IE*
"A-vJ&, A4.r,tur.t- {ro.&L
f tt V - (o* au) o' 3+ 5 )' ?n {l -4-* . A tA,o
**n
E' W - -
t |l*ut b-t^* ttfide, a;t& oti+,rtr $* ,

w Nq-tu
-&]t, fr+ = a.J* rL
6t-", , Q E, [0], , 6E , a
L = ?, Qu = 1-, Ss. ?- , &*+ = l. L&,+f)s. 2.

fery)+r=1, D=?, Qr,?.


Page 29
I

4 tf o'i

L---ua
s6
v-w il€' to L; {" = o-ax
| = -gi- ? 6 P.s )"
8 [e I to.ax)

I+ -*"* a^iqL 1'n*


a'
l= A r+"
.W "L
o
U t [*
w
QnL= l9?'5f,L
Qp ? l3'61sL

? l-^**
-\-=-,-.-
Uualz
\-J--) t

./ ee \ , & to-^-'[ - ro s' \


d t"- ( 1;)
Y
L a x6 a"{ ?,)

9F" 1,t,+goo

A+ \
e+"^'' ( oLL )
I

# ta-rn-'
t3"6qs)- I02,5
( &x td,rr )2

$g, 1,tt5 ) &$ .-;;

Page 30
lI o"tl- J Ls-Lu4-l Lee-,,n t;A d-et
#
z

---r 0
-t ' t'r*^, a€
.5 6")".
" :
5,6
Lo )t

[+rL ? 6 +'L
\+- 4's 1'
Q*
13, 6.r3L

bi!ujJ? dU ,,

E=4*0

D= .+,i Af
; Ltr, Au6t+
/\rZ
)= -1 ,s (tax) Ctr,6qrL)
-g
A"
D = la d.6" 1+f

t6r )
L
-lf a,6 D : 4,5 *p 6t6,tgq
#.
7z
T
6u 4, e$f 8"aat
4
+* J^rL:rn

5-8> Loop 4NrENru43


I+ iL & L\N&^ i{ 'tn
a-*,i-p-u.na no+ 1""?
a.M-l.*na- w)rfu^ tt"l.;wta T o-1tr * & - I,,"r8tt, fuN^r^l
a] v-ext,!- * eM"* a. bC- Lt^#tL t&u*:t it C^r-t-l-e-"4-

CI. j--\ a'^'tit**q


8/*', a\
t)
->
L>
tl
cllrrrtLq.$
1"7
b>
ffi
tit*n.j-u
+*{fu o a*-a-**o*

Page 31
e> R.kf Lv"f'i-^A cL! q/",a^dt4- i-*?
t""t

tr3-"'y
+ fW ,+ wtays*? e #*U At*lit
"^X,df-un[l
Tr (f"$-fr,r-eJ
&-r

#-g* -&gt
a-zt L

T,'tpa ,
orr,toJ
LPry)'
WIM)* -L \- 5 : ill+ ry 31 C*4tl&,.j+nA at
L
!*y j*f
r
I -L r n n rD..\ rc ^ r^
) ur [p"$,ro) offn&&&--
tt

o pu

fu\ /u{dt{- I"T uf,*h uun&u .,1: Til-s** 'N' t+,t


LwA-l }^!'^;r t'u'ttt'q- n
"f{*
K^{= gt,)ao C+)"Nt -JL
-- {Yi./.a. ,'i -
n

wl^rj\!- 4 -l-o4l , Tf o-'


U -- "0-1.,t^r-tu .i lr"f '

C -- px x
G
t-- W a.ueb.v'rfl

N, At-r.{..ri.{-Lq.q ,.{ fuerg

W, c+>'6)
* z*ya C+l
n

Page 32
I
6,qj- u_a^a ,

F <{'
=-
J 3 fl *U ,hi* YLht lcu-trtv o j t"r? o,ula-**t_a o. 1,t) Sknot ll
s.aaa+-,€--# _
>WY tlYL ,.{4fo, W- W- p\. @;
@"

Lu,*i-t t 't / *tT bY-L 3t too ( #1"


ocr.tu

,lr

\
1L
,'- -_/
4'

'/ ,/ --u &rd-'"9"&


&-- \ __)
/
?l !l

l-*
--[ r-=>
/\
l-
'l'| r T-1-
C,*ur{r"e', & aut*y_U,o,,ru aJib" J4^l;"J ra' e^Lt lrw
fuu.^^
+ L+t' alu-e t 4 = TaL
.4t U\*aLw{uw t" t L = &ae
la Ar b-L fi,s- j-L"d.A-f
Lwil.{-ou.t*- o+
^If"* AwLa_aL
Iee1 A,uJ-l,wa,^,a.

I^tL V-usw HLdf. , 'prott l+"l..tn_* f at* ]*,


i.
#An k
!Ynr q

f A*',L
r, Ir* &v ,
L -d) Pv
lf 2-

f" ?P-"6
LLt i ,\,.1
,tfu*#Uai^,
d
P**
P= # sYd's @
Page 33
I
h[I;.l.]* St --
* P. I €t *frn \
o-u-& Zo -- €? .
=> Eo = Z.Ll 6
[*4

$r, t
kf, z,l * +l I tt ql* 1
&

(x, I
6
Re f"ts-or.f n+f J
tl-

*r' 6rrr l*+l'


f' H 6s.n lH+l'ns
r ' 6'. J' 9'a
I
J'rt

I a+t' yt efn o'- Jo ,td


{.'o

@3
/lt+l' -Pr?^ T, [P"€fneJ + @
JX

I t++ lL , - P' "' -t^'


[,'(pa$iu-o)
L
+'{
a *fi-
= s,"l I "e'",,\6 o ' LPt sJq'rJ Yt' '9Ja-s
JD- J- d
qrL
9'o 4,o .,7
,tf
,otq
P- 6orrfrW: JII ti Ipau^eJ #^ea*
0=o fi'-o

+d tg !"4.f ,
*
725) e,"[pu stxe)
tPty)'
\ dr
V' 9'u *'::6 I ro---)' .ff^a
J' lxh*@
*.0 $=a
fl- ?r

P'J Wn s.rws &s , f:t f s

J
*.o
+ 4 !=o "ee* s d-8

Page 34
P'-*: -!-
' t+g
*- &L uL
&re
f
JJ_4= "2n
h=o
-o
e^v\A
-{-qJ "
a
@ Lw***t

f'Wx +
f5:L: x
,{l
,e n

t = to p+* ,\L uu
NK'{ w}l-d ,+ I"y *=Ta-L
\Ln*. (rn)L. &L

r= ,rpu *2 1,,?
!4L,^f- @ o-"& @
--7
g-
t
-L; By -- tapnrtT,f
R'r, &opa .*z
Rv , Zo
' f .et t +
L J '*o
e

?,
o
O0 fs. Jo Lt yll hL
''
).+J
flx, Zao.n4
_L
L+
Fr= Bt,t*,[#J, )" +# t Lu-uh* o+

W4-rA , N-*l
'N 'fir)r^t y^r. fu**!-
Ca
# u!-tt-a - ru#
Rr aJ zr Loo
[#S'
r(::z br zao
f #l NL

Page 35
o p
k,t.r-t c"fr-e
^ )t'-uts.Lcructr
+Asa€,-r-

# *y *4-aA:ut u
6
1+t,( tJ

\7
.r' --{* ?l
\\
\r Loa."r"" *\=7
<*"1
I L*
I
,*--\

u-\
/

*
/-J:I "\
,\

LeMrgrr o. .Lry urtu,r^a atin lLr-l;uJ 'a' a-,L&

AgYP fujr*
*Yun= lfnL
f^l^at^1t'-9u-at-V = &n *
lut K,9. t" W 9^l"Ai-fii* !,,1'w**oc,. c f' ftu JLom
'1 {

t'vl kf o-otrrxe j4zlJi"fL& ^Lo


t-
? -l
tt "r k,l* ,', e i,rr ,. L {
fr-J
J
a,

L ^ r -L t" _L
E

-- )-r
P = Lru* Bv = (v LF) *o
f-^f
{t\
V)

Wf *i"r'"+ts'vr
\ ff;..ur-r-$

P' fi t'ds
u)]Mu\e S^d- (u L Eax d]
+
Ze-*.Eo- = eo=7Zol44
+tq

*,*ol,z"lPql lu4ln]
€x '+ &, f_ l&-an l+++t'l

Sy = 6arlt++l'
Page 36
,__]
P, f+ 6oq
T
lrtOt'&s.
ft "n
= 6on
) I l++ t ' dL s,*a d-* e+
0=o fi,a
arall_vttto.

{r
/lt+tt= P# r,'I po.ssaa)
. 6opLuLr*
eJ)
+^d" g=o
i f'r,2[ post^,)r, LtrtP de.{f
f=, ^9'
'{.
^f
* t6xp\n'-fi J,Lefu$ut.e) glwe &-a I i+
I I
&'o
b'o
!-"x1t
,A/
r)
-d
r
)
F .-c,
r,'I frn {i'taJ ,(f e. o .ts
B*
o\ tr , trtLpzoz T; x

P"
3at L
P"-* * @

W"f.e- @ o-n-{ @
I oL 3oz' n r*L
JUU f-v ,
J f
By= a^aaL
pu

f-^{ , 6'nL
L+\ "
R.r =
6o'rrr xa (+; ; 'L
8.u ,lor-tI+)
Rl.= 34eo,+s ["/ x)
&r x ]72a(^l^)
Page 37
I
P Yah
)&N't' i

?&w'ila-o- z
::--"
-

x + * tt 5 ; ilM^ flLL lry "f' Aw-o'j't-

Rv ,3t,2oo (#)" ; ! = *, * b"f


'+ - Ta-L
I t l,{

a + Cil > q , fre^ 1"T ;.t G*$ i"u^d at W1L b"f


Py . 34 z, ( il **: a' -- Y^A;"/
b '- a'6s ?- C *)
a44a!-9t
: U-r"A-l
"h] g

t'o, &.Rr
e-
!-> { 1* 9r-.J.r,..r '+ a tiptr"lns i-*? o;'t}"0"*'xe- i(
'JJubne
0,oll '++-B'uJ 4^aJwll "+ fri^t- a'uJ-t'*ns- w:"!j'
q *p !Ld-"U n-L* pt!"lfJ Lu,ttt". 3 q -rt "
3
d' t
dt(o'ozl) - o'l&Tb z<5'
.

6t*rr*, L, {R^- ,
'nI lL
0- --o'ozt'
n "o Lt ;) /,wilJ- n*? ' I+"1 g"&'U J&*
W,t,i La-us.t-

(*{, bt2o,
[#)t
Zf , itvo, {N'J-^'')'
t /\'J
Z r. 3l zso * NL " nL (o,o t-)* L+

1+

Page 38
E
Nl' , ?t o,L
3t yoox xLx (a,044

-* iu' 1- P b, b 5 3 g

N X a+
*> )Ltt$ ,,u3 u.,- Lte-
- ols,-.-+1A$,,
ry
.A
UI u^fu4,qd
a-_ d
LL"A;,
.-r c,r I ,0 vA Wl/si f t
I

t.t sTaL^fuJ a-t


A, n r4 ++2. --.)
:-,
$?,uu , c
A- =l wt
/\
: .e n[n) --+#,rC D
D=l -. ('l+: / .3x ibk \
( l" ,)
-- a'1 M *z "-,1
J
= ,YTxa,qx',aG
3 Xto9

_c
)" = 0,_olgg5 15--
o
Oo LL -Ld / w4..J- -[-so,
I
o
0e b= t'{
-* elob*qt^ Fqr +ietJ elu*h'* t Stnetl l,asp
,jlti+& yan,wu , + / w'ql/i_ Aey o-u,Lywwa.! "4^V^"*, (g0"r)
_
/

*r&u
{".e ,l,vu-ilJ- ,(-"1nf -r+ !Le*j,ij-t 'y z z )_ AlLLh
0.

H^-a,k "tf^t Lw*atrtt i,t Pn - nusrt"yog


Lt*L l*€o. fM
I

a
a fi'r* A

T
I
L
*f
L l
'f J^2- .'i.
f '+ a iata.lt tit"uAos b"? o$ W[ir-t
I a' o[r"ttcr.r^.Li rsd lrffi q b.,rtt J$i,^?
a. aJPage
t! a-n^t
39 a-rJ-{D- .
t,. t dLz- 'r{t'
-- L/1/v
l> alu-a o! o!,1 b"f
/
o$u,a. t+
lqt,u.l.-ttt-
4*

\t
/x\ (: \
{."
( ?"\\.f,*.
\Pk^q
\

1L
p- ;e
,\\
lJ (b,np on*!
.-f--- *.*f*
Lo*&:t
tr^a- t"l?
ry
/u{.o"U- ,1, q , Ltr"Lu, Ca o-tte -
u44 &it*rSf*r"l
flx
P^:
o}
1 t^' {id"t lart*l.tl^
/tAut'* or8 ill^I , +
7a
Vr
€y

Y
.:,-#

f,tlz
- ZA
Yo
A.

P+l** *- a-A tt"tlu

€ 1-, z 4re--i
wl t
Page 40
o "u Te*".t- #rt& d.t yro f "u

eg = -vQoriwl> + E+"o-ivl,

eq, €b, Lr-irt' -(.irlrl


Eq. r+, (*lvl y_;iwtrl
Eq= - Eb, Cp j s^[ vll1)
* EP'-&]vi,ffnvb-@
LL,\ *? vsb"nA, -[r
le hl - i€+, gJ^ Vlz
l^lkil
' Eq, o{ fx.ff$:J-.e^!
ry -u
E+, " i ,rJ:f:
fL
trq -ej Efo,. Si* gls
E+ -sj {i6ox C,:4 $}^ vl,
Th
€.+ i lic'n LtSL ,(i^ tli*
# tlt- *@
Y N-.

E0"e

o dikv*r"i
c*"r[ ro - u; = k?*\cl-
=_d e fr.t o
n-

Y = Ja[p"*l , g{ ,l- ,$.f ,.t o

\P' c,tx Siut u '- .f, : ln"{


)
Page 41 -r-
tr q -- teor Lt1 L SJ^ //
el
d6 s-r,re
\--- \
L&J
I

^r }- Ud

?+ oL z..L ) #^[ drsf,te) ,3T .gfns


Le)2

v+- ldo'n LXTL' _d!_ &^o


o
2'
T,h

€4 i 6o r Cy3 t- olr. "ff q- o

Ti\
E,LL ?t.t**t"&fcf&& J-A

ulY_r 26= 3A-


trle

o
oO
Za I 2or

D2Y A

fe d* ,j n el l"
'*l* t
JJg =
X P'rcd-
$-f ;.-s
o^f 2,2

L ="L
{l s -- Tt d-L S-f ,,,ts
T,,
ll-0. TltS S-f,,Le
" _-..

# \/-o
L
U

cq = 1&oa'Lt1_ {,,we 4
T V?-

Page 42
C:- po'r, Se ar 4 Fc{r .f i e I.l& +
-
F\^s7\_,-r_=- I ._\\__
^_.-l,a

Sho.rl- dip"[s ,.-


n,\--,A- ru/\\

rt
gho
srrrqll Loe,p
tr iet n)
trlec+ricn Di pnle_ p^L*,* A,,rE,1r,-o,

l.tonr;r]sinO
F le c*ri c
ieox [r] s?na L A

(E)

l'1 og+reiic rr trl inB fr


(H) "l,rjjg-? a-
^r { c+
A,

L7 ltre Pnesence
&ci opera.1-or ,ln ,n-.tl"&:i"
(xPY€EsiorB q^d.*'J'9
rE abbance h"r tne loop gn,uathon\
i>',.li G-l* -tt^oLF -frf.u ff'er c0_i % th,. ele ct trc ,g hry-f dipole
o"rd Af$C {'acrri toop Nue ,\.., --t
"LheF + p bg€tsgrtlr_
-EfuY€
4\'u', {"' Sdnne curnar.tf T.4..a,;-,7 sOoe-y,,,-l+u.{q
&phqd.L
i q bo IE" a horg €_letFric i ,..4
d po 1.. a_ ro-rrl[{ _tgop J6 u
$ erJ eo'a-r porrc. k (*+ , H e &-re r\
_, $.,
) ffi.;p:prt*! x .
L2 Quadre-p-,-r* iq q
iff {--,.1**,enFe-r-} dr*ffixilLa L"$.ler_ir
-ffu fi el.{8 $ 4'*e rr loop & shor.f dipelex
ry'1-E I phase Qt-ranl>efu x + ptrrr{ di}{<"ea6 rb,1S ($-)=J

Page 43

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