Differential Equations

Short Answer Type Questions

1. Find the differential equation of the family of curves y = Ae2 x + B.e−2 x .

Sol. y = Ae2 x + B.e−2 x .
dy d2y
= 2 Ae2 x − 2 B.e−2 x and 2 = 4 Ae2 x + 4 Be−2 x
dx dx
d2y d2y
Thus, = 4 y i.e., − 4 y = 0.
dx 2 dx 2
dy y
2. Find the general solution of the differential equation = .
dx x
dy y dy dx dy dx
Sol. = ⇒ = ⇒∫ =∫
dx x y x y x
⇒ log y = log x + log c ⇒ y = cx
dy
3. Given that = ye x and x = 0, y = e . Find the value of y when x = 1 .
dx
dy dy
Sol. = ye x ⇒ ∫ = ∫ e x dx ⇒ log y = e x + c
dx y
Substituting x = 0 and y = e we get log e = e0 + c, i.e., c = 0 ( Q log e = 1)
Therefore, log y = e x .
Now, substituting x = 1 in the above, we get log y = e ⇒ y = ee .
dy y
4. Solve the differential equation + = x2
dx x
dy
Sol. The equation is of the type + Py = Q , which is a linear differential equation.
dx
1
Now I.F. ∫ dx = elog x = x.
x
Therefore, solution of the given differential equation is
x4
y.x = ∫ x x 2 dx , i.e. yx = + c
4
x3 c
Hence, y = + .
4 x
5. Find the differential equation of the family of lines through the origin.
dy
Sol. Let y = mx be the family of lines through origin. Therefore, = m.
dx
dy dy
Eliminating m, we get y = . x or x − y = 0.
dx dx
6. Find the differential equation of all non-horizontal lines in a plane.
Sol. The general equation of all non-horizontal lines in a plane is ax + by = c , where
a ≠ 0.
dx
Therefore, a + b = 0.
dy

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 Again, differentiating both sides w.r.t. y, we get
d2x d 2x
a 2 = 0 ⇒ 2 = 0.
dy dy
7. Find the equation of a curve whose tangent at any point on it, different
y
from origin, has slope y + .
x
dy y  1
Sol. Given = y + = y 1 + 
dx x  x
dy  1 
⇒ =  1 +  dx
y  x
Integrating both sides, we get
 y
log y = x + log x + c ⇒ log   = x + c
x
y y
⇒ = e x + c = e x .e c ⇒ = k .e x
x x
⇒ y = kx . e . x

Long Answer Type Questions

8. Find the equation of a curve passing through the point (1, 1) if the
perpendicular distance of the origin from the normal at any point P ( x, y )
of the curve is equal to the distance of P form the x – axis .
− dx
Sol. Let the equation of normal at P ( x , y ) beY − y = ( X − x ) , ie.,
dy
dx  dx 
Y+X −  y + x  = 0 ...(1)
dy  dy 
dx
y+x
dy
Therefore, the length of perpendicular from origin to (1) is ...(2)
2
 dx 
1+  
 dy 
Also, distance between P and x − axis is y . Thus, we get
dx
y+x
dy
=| y |
2
 dx 
1+  
 dy 
 dx 
2
  dx 2  dx  dx 2  dx
⇒  y + x  = y 1 +    ⇒
2
 ( x − y 2 ) + 2 xy  = 0 ⇒ =0
 dy    dy   dy  dy  dy
dx 2 xy
or = 2
dy y − x 2

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 dx
Case I: = 0 ⇒ dx = 0
dy
Integrating both sides, we get x = k , Substituting x = 1, we get k = 1 .
Therefore, x = 1 is the equation of curve (not possible, so rejected).
dx 2x y dy y 2 − x 2
Case II: = 2 2⇒ = . Substituting y = vx, we get
dy y − x dx 2 xy
dv v 2 x 2 − x 2 dv v 2 − 1
v+x = ⇒ x. − −v
dx 2vx 2 dx 2v
−(1 + v 2 ) 2v − dx
= ⇒ 2
dv =
2v 1+ v x
Integrating both sides, we get
log (1 + v 2 ) = −log x + log c ⇒ log (1 + v 2 ) ( x ) = log c (1 + v 2 ) x = c
⇒ x2 + y 2 = cx. Substituting x = 1, y = 1, we get c = 2 .
Therefore, x2 + y 2 – 2 x = 0 is the required equation.
 π
9. Find the equation of a curve passing through  1,  if the slope of the
 4
y y
tangent to the curve at any point P ( x, y ) is − cos 2 .
x x
Sol. According to the given condition
dy y y
= − cos 2 ...(i )
dx x x
This is a homogeneous differential equation. Substituting y = vx, we get
dv dv
v + x = v − cos 2 v ⇒ x = − cos 2 v
dx dx
dx
⇒ sec 2 v dv = − ⇒ tan v = − log x + c
x
y
⇒ tan + log x = c ...(ii )
x
π
Substituting x = 1, y = , we get c = 1. Thus, we get
4
 y
tan   + log x = 1, which is the required equation.
x
dy  y π
10. Solve x 2 − xy = 1 + cos   , x ≠ 0 and x = 1, y =
dx  x 2
Sol. Given equation can be written as
dy  y 
x2 − xy = 2 cos 2   , x ≠ 0.
dx  2x 
dy  y 
x2 − xy sec 2  
⇒ dx =1⇒  2 x   x 2 dy − xy  = 1
 y 2  dx 
2 cos 2  
 2x 

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 Dividing both sides by x3 , we get
 y 
sec 2    x dy − y 
 2 x   dx  1 d   y  1
 2 = 3 ⇒  tan  2 x   = x3
2  x  x dx   
 
Integrating both sides, we get
 y  −1
tan   = 2 + k .
 2x  2x
π
Substituting x = 1, y = , we get
2
3  y  1 3
k = , therefore, tan   = 2 + is the required solution.
2  2x  2x 2
11. State the type of the differential equation for the equation.
xdy − ydx = x 2 + y 2 dx and solve it.
Sol. Given equation can be written as xdy = ( )
x 2 + y 2 + y dx , i.e.,

dy x2 + y2 + y
+ ...(1)
dx x
Clearly RHS of (1) is a homogeneous function of degree zero. Therefore, the given
equation is a homogeneous differential equation. Substituting y = vx, we get
form (1)
dv x 2 + v 2 x 2 + vx dv
v+x = i.e. v + x = 1 + v 2 + v
dx x dx
dv dv dx
x = 1 + v2 ⇒ = ...(2)
dx 1+ v 2 x
Integrating both sides of (2), we get
log(v + 1 + v 2 ) = log x + log c ⇒ v + 1 + v 2 = cx
y y2
⇒ + 1 + 2 = cx ⇒ y + x 2 + y 2 = cx 2
x x

Objective Type Questions

Choose the correct answer form the given four options in each of the Examples 12
to 21.
3 2
 dy   d y 
2
12. The degree of the differential equation 1 +  =  2  is
 dx   dx 
(A) 1
(B) 2
(C) 3
(D) 4
Sol. The correct answer is (B).

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 2
d 2 y  dy  2  d2y 
13. The degree of the differential equation + 3   = x log  2  is
dx 2  dx   dx 
(A) 1
(B) 2
(C) 3
(D) Not defined
Sol. Correct answer is (D). The given differential equation is not a polynomial
equation in terms of its derivatives, so its degree is not defined.
2
  dy  2  d2y
14. The order and degree of the differential equation 1 +    = 2
  dx   dx
respectively, are
(A) 1, 2
(B) 2, 2
(C) 2, 1
(D) 4, 2
Sol. Correct answer is (C).
15. The order of the differential equation of all circles of given radius a is:
(A) 1
(B) 2
(C) 3
(D) 4
2 2
Sol. Correct answer is (B). Let the equation of given family be ( x – h ) + ( y – k ) = a 2 .
It has two arbitrary constants h and k. Therefore, the order of the given
differential equation will be 2.
dy
16. The solution of the differential equation 2 x. − y = 3 represents a family of
dx
(A) straight lines
(B) circles
(C) parabolas
(D) ellipses
Sol. Correct answer is (C). Given equation can be written as
2dy dx
= ⇒ 2 log ( y + 3) = log x + log c
y +3 x
2
⇒ ( y + 3) = cx which represents the family of parabolas.
17. The integrating factor of the differential equation
dy
( x log x ) + y = 2 log x is
dx
(A) e x
(B) log x
(C) log ( log x )
(D) x
dy y 2
Sol. Correct answer is (B). Given equation can be written as + = .
dx x log x x

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 1
∫ x log x dx
Therefore, I.F. = e = elog (log x ) = log x.
2
 dy  dy
18. A solution of the differential equation   − x + y = 0 is
 dx  dx
(A) y = 2
(B) y = 2 x
(C) y = 2 x – 4
(D) y = 2 x2 – 4
Sol. Correct answer is (C).
19. Which of the following is not a homogeneous function of x and y .
(A) x2 + 2 xy
(B) 2 x – y
 y y
(C) cos 2   +
x x
(D) sin x – cos y
Sol. Correct answer is (D).
dx dy
20. Solution of the differential equation + = 0 is
x y
1 1
(A) + =c
x y
(B) log x . log y = c
(C) xy = c
(D) x + y = c
Sol. Correct answer is (C). From the given equation, we get log x + log y = log c giving
xy = c .
dy
21. The solution of the differential equation x + 2 y = x 2 is
dx
2
x +c
(A) y =
4x2
x2
(B) y = + c
4
x4 + c
(C) y =
x2
4
x +c
(D) y =
4 x2
2
∫ x dx 2
Sol. Correct answer (D). I .F . = e = e 2log x = e log x = x 2 . Therefore, the solution is
x4 x4 + c
y . x 2 = ∫ x 2 .xdx =+ k , i.e., y = .
4 4x2
22. Fill in the blanks of the following:
(i) Order of the differential equation representing the family of parabolas
y 2 = 4ax is ____________.

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Sol. One; a is the only arbitrary constant.
3 2
 dy   d y 
2
(ii) The degree of the differential equation   +  2  = 0 is _______________.
 dx   dx 
Sol. Two; since the degree of the highest order derivative is two.
(iii) The number of arbitrary constants in a particular solution of the
differential equation tan x dx + tan y dy = 0 is _______________.
Sol. Zero; any particular solution of a differential equation has no arbitrary constant.
x2 + y2 + y
(iv) F ( x, y ) = is a homogeneous function of degree _________________.
x
Sol. Zero.
(v) An appropriate substitution to solve the differential equation
x
x 2 log   = x 2
dx
=  y is ________.
dy x
xy log  
 y
Sol. x = vy .
dy
(vi) Integrating factor of the differential equation x − y = sin x is ______________.
dx
1 dy y sin x
Sol. ; given differential equation can be written as − = and therefore
x dx x x
1
I .F . = e∫ x = e− log x = .
− dx 1
x
dy
(vii) The general solution of the differential equation = e x − y is _______________.
dx
Sol. e y = e x + c from given equation, we have e y dy = e x dx .
dy y
(viii) The general solution of the differential equation + = 1 is ______________.
dx x
1
x2 x2
xy = + c ; I .F . = e∫ x = elog x = x and the solution is y.x = ∫ x.1dx = + C.
dx
Sol.
2 2
(ix) The differential equation representing the family of curves y = Asinx +
Bcosx is___.
d2y
Sol. + y = 0; Differentiating the given function w.r.t. x successively, we get
dx 2
dy
= A cos x − B sin x
dx
d2y
and = − A sin x − B cos x
dx 2
d2y
⇒ 2 + y = 0 is the differential equation.
dx
e x − 2
y  dx dy
(x)  −  = 1( x ≠ 0) when written in the form + Py = Q, then P =
 x x  dy dx

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_________.
1
Sol. ; the given equation can be written as
x
dy e−2 x y dy y e−2 x
= − i.e. + =
dx x x dx x x
dy
This is a differential equation of the type + Py = Q.
dx
23. State whether the following statements are True or False.
(i) Order of the differential equation representing the family of ellipses having
centre at origin and foci on x-axis is two.
x2 y 2
Sol. True, since the equation representing the given family is 2 + 2 = 1, which has
a b
two arbitrary constants.
d2y dy
(ii) Degree of the differential equation 1 + 2
= x + is not defined.
dx dx
Sol. True, because it is not a polynomial equation in its derivatives.
dy dy
(iii) + y = 5 is a differential equation of the type + Py = Q but it can be
dx dx
solved using variable separable method also.
Sol. True
 y
y cos   + x
(iv) F ( x, y ) = x is not a homogeneous function.
 y
x cos  
 x
Sol. True, because f (λ x, λ y) = λ o f ( x, y).
x2 + y2
(v) F ( x, y ) = is a homogeneous function of degree 1.
x− y
Sol. Ture, because f (λ x, λ y) = λ1 f ( x, y).
dy
(vi) Integrating factor of the differential equation − y = cos x is e x .
dx
False, because I.F = e ∫
−1dx
Sol. = e− x .
(vii) The general solution of the differential equation x (1 + y 2 ) dx + y (1 + x 2 ) dy = 0
is (1 + x 2 )(1 + y 2 ) = k .
Sol. True, because given equation can be written as
2x −2 y
2
dx = dy
1+ x 1+ y2
⇒ log(1 + x 2 ) = − log(1 + y 2 ) + log k
⇒ (1 + x 2 )(1 + y 2 ) = k
dy
(viii) The general solution of the differential equation + y sec x = tan x is
dx
y ( sec x – tan x ) = sec x − tan x + x + k .

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 False, since I.F. = e ∫
sec xdx
Sol. = elog(sec x + tan x ) = sec x + tan x, the solution is,
y (sec x + tan x ) = ∫ (sec x + tan x ) tan xdx
= ∫ ( sec x tan x + sec 2 x − 1)dx = sec x + tan x − x + k
dy
(ix) x + y = tan−1 y is a solution of the differential equation y 2 + y2 +1 = 0
dx
dy 1 dy
Sol. True, x + y = tan−1 y ⇒ 1 + =
dx 1 + y 2 dx
dy  1  dy −(1 + y 2 )
⇒  − 1  = 1, i.e., = which satisfies the given equation.
dx  1 + y 2  dx y2
d 2 y 2 dy
(x) y = x is a particular solution of the differential equation −x + xy = x.
dx 2 dx
Sol. False, y = x because does not satisfy the given differential equation.

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 Differential Equations
Objective Type Quesitons

Choose the correct answer from the given four options in each of the Exercises
from 34 to 75 (M.C.Q)
2 2
 d 2 y   dy   dy 
34. The degree of the differential equation  2  +   = x sin   is:
 dx   dx   dx 
(A) 1
(B) 2
(C) 3
(D) Not defined
Sol. (D) The degree of the differential equation is not defined because when we
 dy  dy
expand sin   we get an infinite series in the increasing power of .
 dx  dx
Therefore its degree is not defined.
3
  dy 2  2 d 2 y
35. The degree of the differential equation 1 +    = 2 is
  dx   dx
(A) 4
3
(B)
2
(C) Not defined
(D) 2
3
  dy 2  2 d 2 y
Sol. (D) Given that 1 +    = 2
  dx   dx
On squaring both sides, we get
3 2
  dy  2   d 2 y 
1 +    =  2 
  dx    dx 
So, the degree of differential equation is 2.
1
1
d 2 y  dy  4 5
36. The order and degree of the differential equation +   + x = 0,
dx 2  dx 
respectively, are
(A) 2 and not defined
(B) 2 and 2
(C) 2 and 3
(D) 3 and 3
1/4 1
d 2 y  dy 
Sol. (A) Given that, +   = − x 5
dx 2  dx 
1/ 4
 dy   d2y 
⇒   = −  x1/5 + 2 
 dx   dx 
On squaring both sides, we get

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 1 2
 dy  2  d2y 
1
⇒   =  x5 + 2 
 dx   dx 
Again, on squaring both sides, we have
4
dy  1/5 d 2 y 
=x + 2 
dx  dx 
order=2, degree=4
37. If y = e− x ( Acos x + Bsin x ) , then y is a solution of
d2y dy
(A) 2
+2 =0
dx dx
d2y dy
(B) − 2 + 2y = 0
dx 2 dx
d2y dy
(C) 2
+ 2 + 2y = 0
dx dx
2
d y
(D) + 2y = 0
dx 2
Sol. (C) Given that, y = e− x ( Acos x + Bsin x ) ,
On differentiating both sides w.r.t., x we get
dy
= −e− x ( A cos x + B sin x ) + e − x ( − A sin x + B cos x )
dx
dy
= − y + e − x ( − A sin x + B cos x )
dx
Again, differentiating both sides w.r.t. x, we get
d 2 y −dy − x
= + e ( − cos x − B sin x ) − e− x ( − A sin x + B cos x )
dx 2 dx
d 2 y − dy  dy 
⇒ 2 = − y −  + y
dx dx  dx 
2
d y dy dy
⇒ 2 =− − y− − y
dx dx dx
2
d y dy
⇒ 2 = −2 − 2 y
dx dx
2
d y dy
⇒ 2 + 2 + 2y = 0
dx dx
38. The differential equation for y = A cos α x + B sin α x, where A and B are
arbitrary constants is
2
d y
(A) −α 2 y = 0
dx 2
d2y
(B) 2
+α 2 y = 0
dx
d2y
(C) 2 + α y = 0
dx

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 d2y
(D) −α y = 0
dx 2
Sol. (B) Given, y = Acosα + B sin α
dy
⇒ = −α A sin α x + α Bcosα x
dx
Again, differentiating both sides w.r.t. x, we get
d2y
= − Aα 2 cos α x − α 2 B sin α x
dx 2
d2y
⇒ 2 = −α 2 ( A cos α x − B sin α x )
dx
d2y
⇒ 2 = −α 2 y
dx
d2y
⇒ 2 +α 2 y = 0
dx
39. Solution of differential equation xdy – ydx = 0 represents:
(A) a rectangular hyperbola
(B) parabola whose vertex is at origin
(C) straight line passing through origin
(D) a circle whose centre is at origin
Sol. (C) Given that, xdy − ydx = 0
⇒ xdy = ydx
dy dx
⇒ =
y x
On integrating both sides, we get
log y = log x + log C
⇒ log y = log Cx
⇒ y = Cx
Which is a straight line passing through origin.
dy
40. Integrating factor of the differential equation cos x + y sin x = 1 is:
dx
(A) cos x
(B) tan x
(C) sec x
(D) sin x
dy
Sol. (C) Given that, cos x + y sin x = 1
dx
dy
⇒ + y tan x = sec x
dx
Here, P = tan x and Q = sec x
IF = e ∫ = e∫
pdx tan xdx
= elogsec x
∴ = sec x
41. Solution of the differential equation tan y sec2 xdx + tan x sec2 ydy = 0 is:

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 (A) tan x + tan y = k
(B) tan x – tan y = k
tan x
(C) =k
tan y
(D) tan x.tan y = k
Sol. (D) Given that, tan y sec2 xdx + tan x sec2 ydy = 0
⇒ tan y sec2 xdx = − tan x sec2 ydy
sec 2 x − sec 2 y
⇒ dx = dy ... ( i )
tan x tan y
On integrating both sides, we have
sec 2 x sec 2 y
∫ tan x dx = − ∫ tan y dy
Put tan x = t in LHS integral, we get
sec 2 xdx = dt ⇒ sec2 xdx = dt
and tan y = u in RHS integral, we get
sec2 ydy = du
On substituting these values in Eq. (i), we get
dt du
∫ t = −∫ u
log t = − log u + log k
⇒ log ( t.u ) = l og k
⇒ log ( tan x tan y ) = log k
⇒ tan x tan y = k
42. Family y = Ax + A3 of curves is represented by the differential equation of
degree:
(A) 1
(B) 2
(C) 3
(D) 4
Sol. (A) Given that,
y = Ax + A3
dy
⇒ =A
dx
[we can differential above equation only once because it has only one arbitrary
constant]
∴ Degree = 1
xdy
43. Integrating factor of − y = x 4 − 3 x is:
dx
(A) x
(B) log x
1
(C)
x

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 (D) – x
xdy
Sol. (C) Given that − y = x 4 − 3x
dx
dy y
⇒ − = x3 − 3
dx x
1
Here, P = − , Q = x 3 − 3
x
1
− ∫ dx
∴ IF = e ∫ Pdx
= e x = e− log x
1
=
x
dy
44. Solution of − y = 1, y (0) = 1 is given by
dx
(A) xy = −e x
(B) xy = −e− x
(C) xy = −1
(D) y = 2e x –1
Sol. (B) Given that
dy
− y = 1,
dx
dy
⇒ = 1+ y
dx
dy
⇒ = dx
1+ y
On integrating both sides, we get
log (1 + y ) = x + C ... ( i )
When x = 0 and y = −1, then
log 2 = 0 + c
⇒ C = log 2
The required solution is
log (1 + y ) = x + log 2
 1+ y 
⇒ log  =x
 2 
1+ y
⇒ = ex
2
⇒ 1 + y = 2e x
⇒ y = 2e x − 1
dy y + 1
45. The number of solutions of = when y (1) = 2 is:
dx x − 1
(A) none
(B) one
(C) two

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 (D) infinite
dy y + 1
Sol. (B) Given that, =
dx x − 1
dy dx
⇒ =
y +1 x −1
On integrating both sides, we get
log ( y + 1) = log ( x − 1) − log C
C ( y + 1) = ( x − 1)
x −1
⇒C =
y +1
When x = 1 and y = 2, then C = 0
So, the required solution is x − 1 = 0
Hence, only one solution exists.
46. Which of the following is a second order differential equation?
2
(A) ( y ') + x = y 2
(B) y ' y "+ y = sin x
2
(C) y '"+ ( y ") + y = 0
(D) y ' = y 2
Sol. (B) The second order differential equation is y ' y "+ y = sin x .
dy
47. Integrating factor of the differential equation (1 − x 2 ) − xy = 1 is
dx
(A) – x
x
(B)
1 + x2
(C) 1 − x 2
1
(D) log (1 − x 2 )
2
dy
Sol. (C) Given that, (1 − x 2 ) − xy = 1
dx
dy x 1
⇒ − 2
y=
dx 1 − x 1 − x2
Which is a linear differential equation.
x
−∫ dx
1− x 2
∴ IF = e
dt
Put 1 − x 2 = t ⇒ −2 xdx = dt ⇒ xdx = −
2
1 dt 1 1
∫ log(1− x )
2
log t
Now, IF = e 2 t = e 2 = e 2 = 1 − x2
48. tan−1 x + tan−1 y = c is the general solution of the differential equation:
dy 1 + y 2
(A) =
dx 1 + x 2

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 dy 1 + x 2
(B) =
dx 1 + y 2
(C) (1 + x 2 ) dy + (1 + y 2 ) dx = 0
(D) (1 + x 2 ) dx + (1 + y 2 ) dy = 0
Sol. (C) Given that, tan −1 x + tan −1 y = C
On differentiating w.r.t. x, we get
1 1 dy
+ . =0
1 + x 1 + x 2 dx
2

1 dy 1
⇒ 2
. =−
1 + y dx 1 + x2
⇒ (1 + x 2 ) dy + (1 + y 2 ) dx = 0
dy
49. The differential equation y + x = c represents:
dx
(A) Family of hyperbolas
(B) Family of parabolas
(C) Family of ellipses
(D) Family of circles
dy
Sol. (D) Given that, y + x = c
dx
dy
⇒y =C−x
dx
⇒ yd y = ( C − x ) dx
On integrating both sides, we get
y2 x2
= Cx − + k
2 2
2 2
x y
⇒ + = Cx + K
2 2
x2 y 2
⇒ + − Cx = k
2 2
which represent family of circles.
50. The general solution of e xcosy dx – e x siny dy = 0 is:
(A) e xcos y = k
(B) e x siny = k
(C) e x = k cosy
(D) e x = k siny
Sol. (A) Given that, e x cosy dx – e x siny dy = 0
⇒ e xcosy dx = e x sinydy = 0
dx
⇒ = tan y
dy
⇒ dx = tan ydy

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 On integrating both sides, we get
x = log sec y + C
⇒ x − C = log sec y
⇒ sec y = e x−C
⇒ sec y = e x e−C
1 ex
⇒ = C
cos y e
⇒ e x cos y = eC
⇒ e x cos y = K  where, K = eC 
3
d 2 y  dy 
51. The degree of the differential equation +   + 6 y 5 = 0 is:
dx 2  dx 
(A) 1
(B) 2
(C) 3
(D) 5
3
d 2 y  dy  5
Sol. (A) +   + 6y = 0
dx 2  dx 
We know that, the degree of a differential equation is exponent highest of order
derivative.
∴ Degree = 1
dy
52. The solution of + y = e − x , y (0) = 0 is:
dx
(A) y = e x ( x –1)
(B) y = xe− x
(C) y = xe− x + 1
(D) y = ( x + 1) e− x
dy
Sol. (B) Given that, + y = e− x
dx
Here, P = 1, Q = e− x
IF = e∫ = e ∫ = e x
Pd x dx

The general solution is

y.e x = ∫ e− x e x dx + C
⇒ y.e x = ∫ dx + C
⇒ y.e x = x + C ...(i)
When x = 0 and y = 0, then
0 = 0+C ⇒ 0
Eq. (i) becomes y.e x = x
⇒ y = xe- x

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 dy
53. Integrating factor of the differential equation + y tan x − sec x = 0 is:
dx
(A) cos x
(B) sec x
(C) e cos x
(D) e sec x
dy
Sol. (B) Given that, + y tan x − sec x = 0
dx
Here, P = tan x, Q = sec x
IF = e ∫ = e ∫
Pdx tan xdx

= e(
log sec x )

= sec x
dy 1 + y 2
54. The solution of the differential equation = is:
dx 1 + x 2
(A) y = tan−1 x
(B) y – x = k (1 + xy )
(C) x = tan−1 y
(D) tan ( xy ) = k
dy 1 + y 2
Sol. (B) Given that, =
dx 1 + x 2
dy dx
⇒ =
1 + y 1 + x2
2

On integrating both sides, we get

tan −1 y = tan −1 x + C
⇒ tan −1 y − tan −1 x = C
 y−x 
⇒ tan −1  =C
 1 + xy 
y−x
⇒ = tan C
1 + xy
⇒ y − x = tan C (1 + xy )
⇒ y − x = K (1 + xy )
Where, k = tan C
dy 1+ y
55. The integrating factor of the differential equation +y= is:
dx x
x
(A)
ex
ex
(B)
x
(C) xe x

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 (D) e x
Sol. (B) Given that,
dy 1+ y
+y=
dx x
dy 1 + y
⇒ = −y
dx x
dy 1 + y − xy
⇒ =
dx x
dy 1 y (1 − x )
⇒ = +
dx x x
dy  1 − x  1
⇒ − y=
dx  x  x
− (1 − x ) 1
Here, P = ,Q =
x x
1− x x −1
−∫ ∫ dx
IF = e ∫ = e x = e x
Pdx dx

 1
∫ 1− x  dx
=e
= e∫
x −log x

1
log  
 x
= e x .e
1
= ex.
x
56. y = aemx + be− mx satisfies which of the following differential equation?
dy
(A) + my = 0
dx
dy
(B) − my = 0
dx
d2y
(C) 2
− m2 y = 0
dx
d2y
(D) 2
+ m2 y = 0
dx
Sol. (C) Given that, y = aemx + be− mx
On differentiating both sides w.r.t. x, we get
dy
= mae mx - bme − mx
dx
Again, differentiating both sides w.r.t. x, we get
d2y
2
= m2 aemx + bm2e− mx
dx
d2y
⇒ 2 = m2 aemx + be− mx
dx
( )
d2y
⇒ 2 = m2 y
dx

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 d2y
⇒ 2 − m2 y = 0
dx
57. The solution of the differential equation cos x sin y dx + sin x cos y dy = 0 is:
sin x
(A) =C
sin y
(B) sin x sin y = C
(C) sin x + sin y = C
(D) cos x cos y = C
Sol. (B) Given differential equation is
cosx siny dx + sinx cosy dy = 0
⇒ cosx siny dx =- sinx cosy dy
cos x cos y
⇒ dx = − dy
sin x sin y
⇒ cot xdx = − cot ydy
On integrating both sides, we get
log sin x = − log sin y + log C
⇒ log sin x sin y = log C
⇒ sin x.sin y = C
dy
58. The solution of x + y = e x is:
dx
x
e k
(A) y = +
x x
(B) y = xe x + cx
(C) y = xe x + k
ey k
(D) x = +
y y
dy
Sol. (A) Given that, x + y = ex
dx
dy y e x
⇒ + =
dx x x
Which is a linear differential equation.
1
∫ dx
∴ IF = e x = e( ) = x
log x

 dx 
The general solution is y.x = ∫  .x dx
 x 
⇒ y.x = ∫ e x dx
⇒ y.x = e x + k
ex k
⇒y= +
x x
59. The differential equation of the family of curves x 2 + y 2 – 2ay = 0 , where a is
arbitrary constant, is:

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 dy
(A) ( x 2 − y 2 ) = 2 xy
dx
dy
(B) 2 ( x 2 + y 2 ) = xy
dx
dy
(C) 2 ( x 2 − y 2 ) = xy
dx
dy
(D) ( x 2 + y 2 ) = 2 xy
dx
Sol. (A) Given equation of curve is
x2 + y 2 – 2ay = 0
x2 + y 2
⇒ = 2a
y
On differentiating both sides w.r.t. x, we get
 dy  dy
y  2 x + 2 y  − ( x2 + y 2 )
 dx  dx
=0
y2
dy dy
⇒ 2 xy + 2 y 2 − ( x2 + y 2 ) = 0
dx dx
dy
⇒ ( 2 y 2 − x 2 − y 2 ) = −2 xy
dx
dy
⇒ ( y 2 − x 2 ) = −2 xy
dx
dy
⇒ ( x 2 − y 2 ) = 2 xy
dx
60. Family y = Ax + A3 of curves will correspond to a differential equation of
order
(A) 3
(B) 2
(C) 1
(D) Not defined
Sol. (C) Given family of curves is y = Ax + A3
dy
⇒ =A
dx
dy
Replacing A by in Eq. (i), we get
dx
3
dy  dy 
y = x + 
dx  dx 
∴ Order = 1
dy 2
61. The general solution of = 2 x e x − y is:
dx
2
(A) e x=c −y

2
(B) e + e x = c
−y

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 2
(C) e y = e x + c
2
(D) e x +y
=c
dy 2 2
Sol. (C) Given that, = 2 x e x − y = 2 xe x .e − y
dx
dy 2
⇒ ey = 2 xe x
dx
2
⇒ e y dy = 2 xe x dx
On integrating both sides, we get
∫ e dy = 2∫ xe dx
y x2

Put x2 = t in RHS integral, we get

2 xdx = dt

∫ e dy = ∫ e dt
y t

⇒ e y = et + C
2
⇒ e y = ex + C
62. The curve for which the slope of the tangent at any point is equal to the
ratio of the abscissa to the ordinate of the point is:
(A) an ellipse
(B) parabola
(C) circle
(D) rectangular hyperbola
dy
Sol. (D) Slope of tangent to the curve =
dx
x
and ratio of abscissa to the ordinate =
y
dy x
According to the question, = =
dx y
yd y = xd x
On integrating both sides, we get
y2 x2
= +C
2 2
y x2
2
⇒ − = C ⇒ y 2 − x 2 = 2C
2 2
Which is an equation of rectangular hyperbola.
2
dy x2
63. The general solution of the differential equation e + xy is:
dx
− x2
2
(A) y = ce
x2
2
(B) y = ce
x2
(C) y = ( x + c)e 2

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 x2
2
(D) y = (c − x)e
dy x 2 /2
Sol. (C) Given that, e + xy
dx
dy 2
⇒ − xy = e x / 2
dx
2
Here, P = − x, Q = e x /2

∴ IF = e ∫
− xdx 2
= e− x / 2
The general solution is
ye− x / 2 = ∫ e− x / 2 − e x /2 dx + C
2 2 2

= ∫ 1dx + C
2
⇒ ye− x /2

2
⇒ y.e− x /2
= x+C
x2 /2 2
⇒ y=xe + Ce+ x /2

2
⇒ y= ( x + C ) e x /2

64. The solution of the equation ( 2 y –1) dx – ( 2 x + 3) dy = 0 is:

2x −1
(A) =k
2y + 3
2 y +1
(B) =k
2x − 3
2x + 3
(C) =k
2 y −1
2x −1
(D) =k
2 y −1
Sol. (C) Given that, ( 2 y –1) dx – ( 2 x + 3) dy = 0
⇒ ( 2 y –1) dx = ( 2 x + 3) dy
dx dy
⇒ =
2x + 3 2 y −1
On integrating both sides, we get
1 1
log. ( 2 x + 3) = log ( 2 y − 1) + log C
2 2
1
⇒  log . ( 2 x + 3) − log ( 2 y − 1)  = log C
2
1  2x + 3 
⇒ log   = log C
2  2 y −1 
1/2
 2x + 3 
⇒  =C
 2 y −1 
2x + 3
⇒ = C2
2 y −1

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 2x + 3
⇒ = k , Where K = C 2
2 y −1
65. The differential equation for which y = acos x + bsin x is a solution, is:
d2y
(A) +y=0
dx 2
d2y
(B) −y=0
dx 2
d2y
(C) + (a + b) y = 0
dx 2
d2y
(D) + (a − b ) y = 0
dx
Sol. (A) Given that, = a cos x + b sin x
On differentiating both side w.r.t. x, we get
dy
= −a sin x + b cos x
dx
Again, differentiating both sides w.r.t. x, we get
d2y
= −a sin x + b cos x
dx 2
d2y
⇒ 2 = −y
dx
d2y
⇒ 2 + y=0
dx
dy
66. The solution of + y = e − x , y (0) = 0 is:
dx
−x
(A) y = e ( x − 1)
(B) y = xe x
(C) y = xe− x + 1
(D) y = xe− x
dy
Sol. (40) Given that, + y = e− x
dx
Which is a linear differential equation.
Here, P = 1 and Q = e− x
IF = e fdx = e x
The general solution is
y.e x = ∫ e− x .e x dx + c
⇒ ye x = ∫ dx + C
⇒ ye x = x + C ...(i)
When x = 0 and y = 0 then, 0 = 0 + C ⇒ C = 0
Eq. (i) becomes y.e x = x ⇒ y = xe− x
67. The order and degree of the differential equation

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 2 4
 d3 y  d 2 y  dy 
 3 − 3 2
+ 2   = y 4 are:
 dx  dx  dx 
(A) 1, 4
(B) 3, 4
(C) 2, 4
(D) 3, 2
2 4
 d3y  d2y  dy  4
Sol. (D) Given that  3  − 3 2 + 2   = y
 dx  dx  dx 
∴ Order = 3
and degree=2
  dy  2  d 2 y
68. The order and degree of the differential equation 1 +    = 2 are:
  dx   dx
3
(A) 2,
2
(B) 2, 3
(C) 2, 1
(D) 3, 4
  dy  2  d 2 y
Sol. (C) Given that, 1 +    = 2
  dx   dx
∴ Order = 2 and degree = 1
69. The differential equation of the family of curves y 2 = 4a ( x + a ) is:
dy  dy 
(A) y 2 = 4 x+ 
dx  dx 
dy
(B) 2 y = 4a
dx
2
d 2 y  dy 
(C) y 2 +   = 0
dx  dx 
2
dy  dy 
(D) 2 x + y  − y
dx  dx 
Sol. (D) Given that, y 2 = 4a ( x + a ) ...(i )
On differentiating both sides w.r.t. x, we get
dy dy
2y = 4a ⇒ 2 y = 4a
dx dx
dy 1 dy
y = 2a ⇒ a = y ...(ii )
dx 2 dx
On putting the value of a from Eq. (ii) in Eq. (i), We get
dy  1 dy 
y2 = 2 y =x+ y 
dx  2 dx 

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 2
dy  dy 
⇒ y = 2 xy + y 2  
2

dx  dx 
2
dy  dy 
⇒ 2x + y   − y = 0
dx  dx 
d2y dy
70. Which of the following is the general solution of 2
− 2 + y = 0?
dx dx
(A) y = ( Ax + B ) e x
(B) y = ( Ax + B ) e− x
(C) y = Ae x + Be− x
(D) y = Acos x + Bsin x
d2y dy
Sol. (A) Given that, 2
−2 + y =0
dx dx
2
D y − 2Dy + y = 0,
d
Where, D =
dx
(D 2
− 2D + 1) y = 0
The auxiliary equation is m 2 − 2m + 1 = 0
2
( m − 1) = 0 ⇒ m = 1,1
Since, the roots are real and equal.
∴ CF = ( Ax + B ) e x ⇒ y = ( Ax + B ) e x
[since, if roots of Auxiliary equation are real and equal say (m), then
CF = ( C1 x + C2 ) emx ]
dy
71. General solution of + y tan x = sec x is:
dx
(A) y sec x = tan x + c
(B) y tan x = sec x + c
(C) tan x = y tan x + c
(D) x sec x = tan y + c
Sol. (A) Given differential equation is
dy
+ y tan x = sec x
dx
which is a linear differential equation
Here, P = tan x, Q = sec x,
∴ IF=e ∫
tan xdx log sec x
=e = sec x
The general solution is
y.sec x = ∫ sec x.sec x + C
⇒ y.sec x = ∫ sec2 x dx + C
⇒ y.sec x = tan x + C

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 dy y
72. Solution of the differential equation + = sin x is:
dx x
(A) x ( y + cos x ) = sin x + c
(B) x ( y – cos x ) = sin x + c
(C) xy cos x = sin x + c
(D) x ( y + cos x ) = cos x + c
Sol. (A) Given differential equation is
dy 1
+ y = sin x
dx x
Which is liner differential equations.
1
Here, P = and Q = sin x
x
1
∴ IF = e ∫ x = elog x = x
dx

The general solution is

y.x = ∫ x.sin x dx + C ...(i )
Take I = ∫ x sin xdx
− x cos x − ∫ − cos x dx
= − x cos x + sin x
Put the value of l in Eq. (i), we get
xy = − x cos x + sin x + C
⇒ x ( y + cos x ) = sin x + C
73. ( )
The general solution of the differential equation e x + 1 ydy = ( y + 1) e x dx is:
(A) ( y + 1) = k ( e + 1)
x

(B) y + 1 = e x +1 + k
{
(C) y = log k ( y + 1) ( e x + 1) }
 e + 1
x
(D) y = log  + k
 y +1 
Sol. (C) Given differential equation
( )
e x + 1 ydy = ( y + 1) e x dx

dx ( e + 1) y
x x
dy e (1 + y )
⇒ = ⇒ =
dx ( e x + 1) y dy e x (1 + y )
dx ex y y
⇒ = x + x
dy e (1 + y ) e (1 + y )
dx y y
⇒ = +
dy 1 + y (1 + y ) e x
dx y  1
⇒ = 1 + x 
dy 1 + y  e 

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 dx y  ex +1 
⇒ =  
dy 1 + y  e x 
 y   ex 
⇒  dy =  x  dx
 1+ y   e +1 
On integrating both sides, we get
y ex
∫ 1 + y ∫ 1 + e x dx
dy =

1+ y −1 ex
∫ 1+ y dy = ∫ 1 + e x dx
1 ex
⇒ ∫ 1dy − ∫ dy = ∫ dx
1+ y 1 + ex
⇒ y − log (1 + y ) + log (1 + e x ) + log k
⇒ y = log(1 + y) + log(1 + e x ) + log(k )
{
⇒ y = log k (1 + y ) (1 + e x ) }
dy
74. The solution of the differential equation = e x − y + x 2 e− y is:
dx
(A) y = e x− y – x2e− y + c
x3
(B) e y − e x = +c
3
x3
(C) e x + e y = + c
3
x3
(D) e x − e y = + c
3
dy
Sol. (B) Given that, = e x − y + x 2e− y
dx
dy
⇒ = e x e− y + x 2e− y
dx
dy e x + x 2
⇒ =
dx ey
⇒ e y dy = ( e x + x 2 ) dx
On integrating both sides, we get
∫ e dy = ∫ e + x dx
( )
y x 2

x3
⇒ e y = ex + +C
3
x3
⇒ e y − ex = + C
3
dy 2 xy 1
75. The solution of the differential equation + 2
= is:
dx 1 + x (1 + x 2 ) 2

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 (A) y (1 + x 2 ) = c + tan −1 x
y
(B) = c + tan −1 x
1 + x2
(C) y log (1 + x 2 ) = c + tan −1 x
(D) y (1 + x 2 ) = c + sin −1 x
dy 2 xy 1
Sol. (A) Given that, + 2
=
dx 1 + x (1 + x 2 )2
2x 1
Here, P = and Q = 2
1 + x2 (1 + x2 )
Which is a linear differential equation.
2x
∫ 1+ x2 dx
∴ IF = e
Put 1 + x 2 = t ⇒ 2 x dx = dt
dt
∴ IF = e ∫ t = elog t = e
log(1+ x 2 )
= 1 + x2
The general solution is
1
y. (1 + x 2 ) = ∫ (1 + x 2 ) +C
2 2
( )
1 + x
1
⇒ y (1 + x 2 ) = ∫ dx + C
1 + x2
⇒ y (1 + x 2 ) = tan −1 x + C
76. Fill in the blanks of the following (i to xi)
d 2 y dy
(i) The degree of the differential equation + e dx = 0 is __________.
dx 2
Sol. Given differential equation is
d 2 y dy
2
+ e dx = 0
dx
Degree of this equation is not defined.
2
 dy 
(ii) The degree of the differential equation 1 +   = x is __________.
 dx 
2
 dy 
Sol. Given differential equation is 1 +   = x
 dx 
So, degree of this equation is two.
(iii) The number of arbitrary constants in the general solution of a differential
equation of order three is __________.
Sol. There are three arbitrary constants.
dy y 1
(iv) + = is an equation of the type __________.
dx x log x x
dy y 1
Sol. Given differential equation is + =
dx x log x x

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 dy
The equation of the type + Py = Q
dx
dy
(v) General solution of the differential equation of the type + P1 x = Q1 is
dx
given by __________.
dy
Sol. Given differential equation is + P1 x = Q1
dx
The general solution is
x.IF = ∫ Q ( IF ) dy + C i.e., xe ∫ Pdy = ∫ Q e ∫
pdy
{ }
dy + C

xdy
(vi) The solution of differential solution + 2 y = x 2 is __________.
dx
dy dy 2 y
Sol. Given differential equation is x + 2 y = x 2 ⇒ + =x
dx dx x
dy
This equation of the form + Py = Q.
dx
2
∴ IF = e ∫ x = e 2log x = x 2
dx

The general solution is

yx 2 = ∫ x.x 2 dx + C
x4
⇒ yx 2 = +C
4
x2
⇒y= + Cx −2
4
dy
(vii) The solution of (1 + x 2 ) + 2 xy − 4 x 2 = 0 is __________.
dx
dy
Sol. Given differential equation is (1 + x 2 ) + 2 xy − 4 x 2 = 0
dx
dy 2 xy 4 x2
⇒ + − =0
dx 1 + x 2 1 + x 2
dy 2x 4 x2
⇒ + y =
dx 1 + x 2 1 + x2
2x
∫ 2 dx
∴ IF = e 1+ x
Put 1 + x 2 = t ⇒ 2 xdx = dt
dt
∴ IF = e ∫ t = elog t = e
log(1+ x 2 )
= 1 + x2
The general solution is
.4 x 2
y. (1 + x 2 ) = ∫ (1 + x 2 ) dx + C
(1 + x 2 )
⇒ (1 + x 2 ) y = ∫ 4 x 2 dx + C
x3
⇒ (1 + x 2 ) y = 4 +C
3

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 4 x3 −1
⇒ y= + C (1 + x 2 )
3 (1 + x )
2

(viii) The solution of the differential equation ydx + ( x + xy ) dy = 0 is __________.

Sol. Given differential equation is
⇒ ydx + ( x + xy ) dy = 0
⇒ ydx + x (1 + y ) dy = 0
dx  1 + y 
⇒ =  dy
−x  y 
1 1 
⇒ ∫ dx = − ∫  + 1dy [ on integrating ]
x y 
⇒ log ( x ) = − log ( y ) − y + log A
log ( x ) + log ( y ) + y = log A
log ( xy ) + y = log A
⇒ log xy + log e y = log A
⇒ xye y = A
⇒ xy = Ae− y
dy
(ix) General solution of + y = sin x is __________.
dx
dy
Sol. Given differential equation is + y = sin x
dx
IF = ∫ e1dx = e x
The general solutions is
y.e x = ∫ e x sin x dx + C ...(i)
Let ∫ e x sin xdx
I = sin xe x − ∫ cos xe x dx
= sin xe x − cos xe x + ∫ ( − sin x )e x dx
2 I = e x ( sin x − cos x )
1 x
I= e ( sin x − cos x )
2
From Eq. (i).
x
y.e x = ( sin x − cos x ) + C
2
1
⇒ y = ( sin x − cos x ) + C .e − x
2
(x) The solution of differential equation cot y dx = xdy is __________.
Sol. Given differential equation is
cot y dx = xdy

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 1
⇒ dx = tan ydy
x
On integrating both sides, we get
1
⇒ ∫ dx = ∫ tan ydy
x
⇒ log ( x ) = log ( sec y ) + log C
 x 
⇒ log   = log C
 sec y 
x
⇒ =C
sec y
⇒ x = C sec y
dy 1+ y
(xi) The integrating factor of +y= is __________.
dx x
Sol. Given differential equation is
dy 1+ y
+y=
dx x
dy 1 y
+y= +
dx x x
dy  1 1
⇒ + y 1 −  =
dx  x x
 1
∫ 1− x  dx
∴ IF = e
= e x − log x
ex
= e x .e− log x =
x
77. State True of False for the following:
dy
(i) Integrating factor of the differential of the form + p1 x = Q1 is given by
dx
e∫ .
p1dy

Sol. True
Given differential equation,
dx
+ P1 x = Q1
dy
∴ IF = e ∫ .
p1dy

dy
(ii) Solution of the differential equation of the type + p1 x = Q1 is given by
dx
x.I .F . = ∫ ( I .F ) × Q1dy.
Sol. True
(iii) Correct substitution for the solution of the differential equation of the type
dy
= f ( x, y ) where f ( x, y ) is a homogeneous function of zero degree is
dx
y=vx.

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Sol. True
(iv) Correct substitution for the solution of the differential equation of the type
dy
= g ( x, y ) where g ( x, y ) is a homogeneous function of the degree zero is
dx
x=vy..
Sol. True
(v) Number of arbitrary constants in the particular solution of a differential
equation of order two is two.
Sol. False
There is no arbitrary constant in the particular solution of a differential equation.
2
(vi) The differential equation representing the family of circles x 2 + ( y – a ) = a 2
will be of order two.
Sol. False
We know that, order of differential equation= number of arbitrary constant.
Here, number of arbitrary constant=1.
So, Order is one.
1
2 2
dy  y  3
(vii) The solution of =   is y 3 − x 3 = c.
dx  x 
Sol. True
1/3
dy  y 
Given differential equation = 
dx  x 
1/3
dy y
⇒ =
dx x1/3
⇒ y −1/3dy = x −1/3dx
On integrating both sides, we get
∫ y dy = ∫ x dx
−1/3 −1/3

y −1/3+1 x −1/3+1
⇒ = +C'
−1 −1
+1 +1
3 3
3 3
⇒ y 2/3 = x 2/3 + C '
2 2
 2 
⇒ y 2/3 − x2/3 = C '  where, C ' = C 
 3 
(viii) Differential equation representing the family of curves
d2y dy
y = e x ( Acos x + B sin x ) is 2 − 2 + 2 y = 0
dx dx
Sol. True
Given that, y = e x ( Acos x + B sin x )
On differentiating w.r.t. x, we get
dy
= e x ( − A sin x + B cos x ) + e x ( A cos x + B sin x )
dx

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 dy
⇒ − y = e x ( − A sin x + B cos x )
dx
Again differentiating w.r.t. x, we get
d 2 y dy
− = e x ( − A cos x − B sin x ) + e x ( − A sin x + B cos x )
dx 2 dx
d 2 y dy dy
⇒ 2 − +y= −y
dx dx dx
2
d y dy
⇒ 2 − 2 + 2y = 0
dx dx
dy x + 2 y
(ix) The solution of the differential equation = is x + y = kx2 .
dx x
Sol. True
dy x + 2 y
Given that, =
dx x
dy 2
⇒ = 1 + .y
dx x
dy 2
⇒ − y =1
dx x
−2
dx
IF = e x = e −2 log x = x −2
The differential solution.
y.x −2 = ∫ x −2 .1dx + k
y x −2+1
⇒ = +k
x 2 −2 + 1
y −1
⇒ 2 = +k
x x
⇒ y = − x + kx 2
⇒ x + y = kx 2
xdy y  y
(x) Solution of = y + x tan is sin   = cx
dx x x
Sol. True
Given differential equation,
xdy  y
= y + x tan  
dx x
dy y  y
⇒ = + tan   ...(i )
dx x x
y
Put = v i.e. y = vx
x
dx xdv
⇒ =v+
x dx
On substituting these values in Eq. (i), we get
xdv
+ v = v + tan v
dx

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 dx dv
⇒ =
x tan v
On integrating both sides, we get
1 1
∫ x dx = ∫ tan v dx
⇒ log ( x ) = log ( sin v ) + log C '
 x 
⇒ log   = log C '
 sin v 
x
⇒ =C'
sin v
 1
⇒ sin v = Cx  where, C = 
 C '
y
⇒ sin = Cx
x
d2x
(xi) The differential equation of all non-horizontal lines in a plane is = 0.
dy 2
Sol. True.
Let any non-horizontal line in a plane is given by
y = mx + c
On differentiating w.r.t. x, we get
dy
=m
dx
Again, differentiating w.r.t. x, we get
d2y
=0
dx2

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 Differential Equations
Short Answer Type Questions
dy
1. Find the solution of = 2 y − x.
dx
dy
Sol. Given that, = 2 y−x
dx
dy 2 y  m −n a m 
⇒ = ∵ a = n 
dx 2 x  a 
dy dx
⇒ =
2 y 2x
On integrating both sides, we get
∫ 2 dy = ∫ 2 dx
−y −x

−2 − y − 2 − x
⇒ = +c
log 2 log 2
⇒ −2− y + 2− x = +C log 2
⇒ 2− x − 2− y = −C log 2
⇒ 2 − x − 2 − y = k [ where, k = +C log 2 ]
2. Find the differential equation of all non-vertical lines in a plane.
π
Sol. Since, the family of all non-vertical line is y=mx+c, where m ≠ tan .
2
On differentiating w.r.t. x, we get
dy
=m
dx
again, differentiating w.r.t x, we get
d2y
=0
dx 2
dy
3. Given that = e −2 y and y = 0 when x = 5.
dx
Find the value of x when y = 3 .
dy dy
Sol. Given that, = e −2 y ⇒ −2 y = dx
dx e
2y
e
⇒ ∫ e2 y dy = ∫ dx ⇒ = x + C ...(i)
2
When x = 5 and y = 0, then substituting these values in Eq. (i), we get
e0
= 5+C
2
1 1 9
⇒ = 5+C ⇒ C = −5 = −
2 2 2
2y
Eq. (i) becomes e = 2 x − 9
when y=3, then e6 = 2 x − 9 ⇒ 2 x = e6 + 9

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 ∴ x=
(e 6
+ 9)
2
dy 1
4. Solve the differential equation ( x 2 − 1) + 2 xy = 2 .
dx x −1
Sol. Given differential equation is
dy 1
( x 2 − 1) + 2 xy = 2
dx x −1
dy  2 x  1
⇒ + 2  y = 2
dx  x − 1  ( x − 1)
2

Which is a linear differential equation.

dy
On Comparing it with + Py = Q, we get
dx
2x 1
P = 2 ,Q = 2
x −1 ( x − 1)
2

dx
 2x 
∫ 2 
IF = e ∫ = e  x −1 
pdx

Put x 2 − 1 = t ⇒ 2 xdx = dt
dt
∴ IF = e ∫ t = elog t = t = ( x 2 − 1)
The complete solution is
y.IF = ∫ Q.IF + k
1
⇒ y. ( x 2 − 1) = ∫ 2
. ( x 2 − 1)dx + k
(x 2
− 1)
dx
⇒ y. ( x 2 − 1) = ∫
(x 2
− 1)
1  x −1 
⇒ y. ( x 2 − 1) = log  +k
2  x +1 
dy
5. Solve the differential equation + 2 xy = y .
dx
dy
Sol. Given that, + 2 xy = y
dx
dy
⇒ + 2 xy − y = 0
dx
dy
⇒ + (2 x − 1) y = 0
dx
Which is a linear differential equation.
dy
On comparing it with + Py = Q, we get
dx
P = ( 2 x − 1) , Q = 0

IF = e ∫ = e∫
pdx ( 2 x −1) dx

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  2 x2 
 − x  2
 2 
=e = ex −x
The complete solution is
y.e x − x = ∫ Q.e x − x = 0 + C
2 2

2
⇒ y.e x −x
= 0+C
2
⇒ y = Ce x− x
dy
6. Find the general solution of + ay = e mx .
dx
dy
Sol. Given differential equation is + ay = e mx
dx
which is a linear differential equation.
dy
On comparing it with + Py = Q, we get
dx
P = a, Q = emx
IF = e ∫ = e ∫ = eex
Pdx adx

The general solution is

y.eax = ∫ emx .eax dx + C
⇒ y.eax = ∫ e(
m+a) x
dx + C
e( m + a ) x
⇒ y.eax = +C
( m + a)
e( m + a ) x ( m + a ) C
⇒ (m + a) y = +
e ax e ax
e( ) ( m + a ) C
m+a x
⇒ ( m + a ) y = ax +
e e ax
⇒ ( m + a ) y = eax + Ke− ax ∵ k = ( m + a ) C 
dy
7. Solve the differential equation + 1 = ex+ y .
dx
dy
Sol. Given differential equation + 1 = e x + y ...(i )
dx
On substituting x + y = t , we get
dy dt
1+ =
dx dx
dt
Eq. (i) becomes = et
dx
⇒ e −1dt = dx
⇒ −e − t = x + C
−1
⇒ x+ y = x + C
e
⇒ −1 = ( x + C ) e x+ y

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 ⇒ ( x + C ) ex+ y + 1 = 0
8. Solve: ydx – xdy = x2 ydx.
Sol. Given that, ydx – xdy = x2 ydx
1 1 dy
⇒ 2 − . = 1  dividing throughout by X 2 ydx 
x xy dx
1 dy 1
⇒ − . + 2 − 1 =0
xy dx x
dy xy
⇒ − + xy =0
dx x 2
dy y
⇒ − + xy = 0
dx x
dy  1
⇒ +x−  y = 0
dx  x
Which is linear differential equation.
dy
On comparing it with + Py = Q, we get
dx
 1
P =  x − ,Q = 0
 x
If = e ∫
Pdx

 1
∫  x − x 
=e dx
x2
− log x
=e 2

x2
= e , e − log x
x

2
1 x2
= e
x
The general solution is
1 2 1 2
y. e x /2 = ∫ 0. e x /2 dx + C
x x
1 2 2
⇒ y. e x /2 = C ⇒ y = Cxe− x /2
x
dy
9. Solve the differential equation = 1 + x + y 2 + xy 2 , when y = 0, x = 0.
dx
dy
Sol. Given that, = 1 + x + y 2 + xy 2
dx
dy
⇒ = (1 + x) + y 2 (1 + x)
dx
dy
⇒ = (1 + y 2 )(1 + x)
dx
dy
⇒ = (1 + x)dx
1 + y2

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 On integrating both sides, we get
x2
tan −1 y = x + + K ..... ( i )
2
When y=0 and x=0. then substituting these values in Eq. (i), we get
tan −1 ( 0 ) = 0 + 0 + K
⇒ K=0
x2
⇒ tan −1 y = x +
2
 x 
2
⇒ y = tan  x + 
 2
dy
10. Find the general solution of ( x + 2 y 3 ) = y.
dx
dy
Sol. Given that, ( x + 2 y 3 ) =y
dx
dx
⇒ y. = x + 2 y3
dy
dx x
⇒ = + 2 y2 [Dividing throughout by y]
dy y
dx x
⇒ − = 2 y2
dy y
Which is a linear differential equation.
dx
On comparing it with + Px = Q, we get
dy
1
P = − , Q = 2 y2
y
1 1
∫ − y dy − ∫ y dy
IF = e =e
1
∴ =e− log y =
y
1 1
The general solution is x. = ∫ 2 y 2 . dy + C
y y
x 2 y2
⇒ = +C
y 2
x
⇒ = y2 + C
y
⇒ x = y3 + Cy
 2 + sin x  dy
11. If y ( x ) is a solution of   = − cos x and y ( 0 ) = 1, then find the
 1 + y  dx
π 
value of y   .
2

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  2 + sin x  dy
Sol. Given that,   = − cos x
 1 + y  dx
dy cos x
⇒ =− dx
1+ y 2 + sin
On integrating both sides, we get
1 cos x
∫ 1 + y dy = −∫ 2 + sin dx
⇒ log (1 + y ) = − log ( 2 + sin x ) + log C
⇒ log (1 + y ) + log ( 2 + sin x ) = log C
⇒ log (1 + y )( 2 + sin x ) = log C
⇒ (1 + y )( 2 + sin x ) = C
C
⇒ 1+ y =
2 + sin x
C
⇒y= − 1 ...(i )
2 + sin x
When x = 0 and y = 1 then
C
1 = −1
2
⇒C = 4
On putting C = 4 in Eq. (i), we get
4
Y= −1
2 + sin x
π  4 4
∴ Y = −1 = −1
 2  2 + sin π 2 +1
2
4 1
= −1 =
3 3
dy 1
12. If y ( t ) is a solution of (1 + t ) − ty = 1 and y ( 0 ) = −1, then show tha y (1) = − .
dt 2
Sol. Given that,
dy
(1 + t ) − ty = 1
dt
dy  t  1
⇒ − y=
dt  1 + t  1+ t
Which is a linear differential equation.
dy
On Comparing it with + Py = Q, we get
dt
 t  1
P = − ,Q =
 1+ t  1+ t
 1  − t −log(1+t )
t − ∫ 1−
IF = e ∫ 1+t = e  1+t 
− dt  dt = e

= e − t .e ( )
log 1+ t

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 = e−t (1 + t )
The general solution is
(1 + t ) (1 + t ) .e−1 dt + C
y (t ). t = ∫
e (1 + t )
e − t et Cet
⇒ y (t ). . + C ', where C ' =
( −1) 1 + t 1+ t
1
⇒ y (t ) = − +C'
1+ t
When t = 0 and y = −1, then
−1 = −1 + C ' ⇒ C ' = 0
1 1
y (t ) = − ⇒ y (1) = −
1+ t 2
2
13. Form the differential equation having y = ( sin −1 x ) + Acos −1 x + B , where
A and B are arbitrary constants, as its general solution.
2
Sol. Given that, y = ( sin −1 x ) + Acos −1 x + B ,
On differentiating w.r.t. x, we get
dy 2sin −1 x ( − A)
= +
dx 1 − x2 1 − x2
dy
⇒ 1 − x2 = 2 sin −1 x − A
dx
Again, differentiating w.r.t. x, we get
d 2 y dy −2 x 2
1 − x2 2 + . =
dx dx 2 1 + x 2
1 − x2
d2y x dy
⇒ (1 − x 2 ) 2
− . 1 − x2 =2
dx 1− x 2 dx
d2y dy
⇒ (1 − x 2 ) 2 − x = 2
dx dx
2
d y dy
⇒ (1 − x 2 ) 2 − x − 2 = 0
dx dx
Which is the required differential equation.
14. From the differential equation of all circles which pass through origin and
whose centres lie on y-axis.
Sol. It is given that, circles pass through origin and their centreslie on Y-axis. Let (O,
k) be the centre of the circle and radius is k.
So, the equation of circle is
2 2
( x − 0) + ( y − k ) = k 2
2
⇒ x2 + ( y − k ) = k 2
⇒ x 2 + y 2 − 2ky = 0
x2 + y 2
⇒ = k ... ( i )
2y

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 On differentiating Eq. (i) w.r.t. x, we get
 dy  2dy
2 y  2 x + 2 y  − ( x2 + y 2 )
 dx  dx
=0
4 y2
 dy  dy
⇒ 4 y  x + y  − 2 ( x2 + y 2 ) =0
 dx  dx
dy dy
⇒ 4 xy + 4 y 2 − 2 ( x2 + y2 ) = 0
dx dx
dy
⇒  4 y 2 − 2 ( x 2 + y 2 )  + 4 xy = 0
dx
dy
⇒ ( 4 y 2 − 2 x 2 − 2 y 2 ) + 4 xy = 0
dx
dy
⇒ ( 2 y 2 − 2 x 2 ) + 4 xy = 0
dx
dy
⇒ ( y 2 − x 2 ) + 2 xy = 0
dx
dy
⇒ ( x 2 − y 2 ) − 2 xy = 0
dx
15. Find the equation of a curve passing through origin and satisfying the
dy
differential equation (1 + x 2 ) + 2 xy = 4 x 2 .
dx
dy
Sol. Given that, (1 + x 2 ) + 2 xy = 4 x 2
dx
dy 2x 4x2
⇒ + . y =
dx 1 + x 2 1 + x2
which is a linear differential equation.
dy
On comparing it with + Py = Q, we get
dx
2x 4 x2
P= , Q =
1 + x2 1 + x2
2x
∫ 2
∴ IF = e ∫ = e 1+ x dx
Pdx

Put 1 + x2 = t ⇒ 2 xdx = dt
dt
IF = 1 + x 2 = e ∫ t = e log t = e
log (1+ x 2 )

The general solution is

4 x2
( )
y. 1 + x 2 = ∫
1+ x 2 ( )
1 + x 2 dx + C

( )
⇒ y. 1 + x = ∫ 4 x 2 dx + C
2

x3
⇒ y. (1 + x 2 ) = 4 + C ...(i )
3
Since, the curve passes through origin, then substituting

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 x = 0 and y = 0 in Eq.(i ), we get
C =0
The required equation of curve is
4 x3
(
y 1 + x2 =) 3
3
4x
⇒y=
3 (1 + x 2 )
dy
16. Solve: x 2 = x 2 + xy + y 2 .
dx
dy
Sol. Given that, x 2 = x 2 + xy + y 2
dx
dy y y2
⇒ = 1+ + 2
dx x x
y y2
Let f ( x, y ) = 1 + + 2
x x
λ y λ 2 y2
f ( λ x, λ y ) = 1 + +
λ x λ 2 x2
 y y2 
f ( λ x, λ y ) = λ 0  1 + + 2 
 x x 
= λ 0 f ( x, y )
Which is homogeneous expression of degree 0.
dy dv
Put y = vx ⇒ =v+x
dx dx
On substituting these values in Eq. (i), we get
 dv  2
 v + x  = 1+ v + v
 dx 
dv
⇒x = 1 + v + v2 − v
dx
dv
⇒ x = 1 + v2
dx
dv dx
⇒ 2
=
1+ v x
On integrating both sides, we get
tan −1 v = log x + C
 y
⇒ tan −1   = log x + C
 x
17. Find the general solution of the differential equation
dy
(1 + y 2 ) + ( x − e tan −1 y ) = 0.
dx
Sol. Given, differential equation is
(1 + y 2 ) + x − etan y dy
( ) −1
=0
dx

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 ⇒ (1 + y 2 ) = − x − e tan ( −1
y
) dydx
dx
(1 + y ) dy
2
= −x + e tan −1 y

dx
⇒ (1 + y 2 )
−1
+ x = etan y
dy
−1
dx x e tan y
⇒ + =  dividing throughout by (1 + y 2 ) 
dy 1 + y 2 1 + y 2  
Which is a linear differential equation.
dx
On comparing it with + Px = Q, we get
dy
−1
1 e tan y
P= ,Q =
1+ y2 1+ y2
1
∫ 1+ y2 dy
IF = e ∫
Pdy
−1
y
=e = e tan
−1
etan y tan−1 y
The general solution is x.e tan −1 y
=∫ .e dy + C
1 + y2
2

⇒ x.e tan
−1
y
=∫
.dy + C
( e tan
−1
y
)
2
1+ y
1
Put tan −1 y = t ⇒ dy = dt
1 + y2
= ∫ e2t dt + C
−1
y
∴ x.e tan
1 −1 −1
⇒ x.e tan y
= e 2 tan y + C
2
tan −1 y −1
⇒ 2xe = e 2 tan y + 2C
−1 −1
⇒ 2xe tan y
= e 2 tan y
+ K [∵ K = 2C ]
18. Find the general solution of y 2 dx + x 2 – xy + y 2 dy = 0 . ( )
Sol. Given, differential equation is
(
y 2 dx + x 2 – xy + y 2 dy = 0 )
⇒ y dx = − ( x – xy + y 2 ) dy
2 2

dx
⇒ y2 = − ( x 2 – xy + y 2 )
dy
dx  x2 x 
⇒ = −  2 − + 1 ...(i)
dy y y 
Which is a homogeneous differential equation.
x
Put = v or x = vy
y

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 dx dv
⇒ =v+ y
dy dy
On substituting these values in Eq. (i), we get
dv
v + y = − v 2 − v + 1
dy
dv
⇒ y = −v 2 + v − 1 − v
dy
dv dv dy
⇒ y = −v 2 − 1 ⇒ 2 =−
dy v +1 y
On integrating both sides, we get
tan −1 ( v ) = − log y + C
x  x
⇒ tan −1   + log y = C ∵ v = 
 y  y
19. Solve: ( x + y )( dx – dy ) = dx + dy. [Hint: Substitute x + y = z after separating dx
and dy]
Sol. Given differential equation is
( x + y )( dx − dy ) = dx + dy
 dy  dy
⇒ ( x + y ) 1 −  = 1 + ... ( i )
 dx  dx
Put x + y = z
dy dz
⇒ 1+ =
dx dx
On substituting these values in Eq. (i), we get
 dz  dz
z  1 − + 1 =
 dx  dx
 dz  dz
⇒ z2−  =
 dx  dx
dz dz
⇒ 2z − z − =0
dx dx
dz
⇒ 2 z − ( z + 1) = 0
dx
dz 2z
⇒ =
dx z + 1
 z +1
⇒  dz = 2dx
 z 
On integrating both sides, we get
 1
∫ 1 + z dz = 2∫ dx
⇒ z + log z = 2 x − log C
⇒ ( x + y ) + log ( x + y ) = 2 x − log C [∵ z = x + y ]
⇒ 2 x − x − y = log C + log( x + y )

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 ⇒ x − y = log C ( x + y )
⇒ ex− y = C ( x + y )
1 x− y
⇒ ( x + y) = e
C
 1
⇒ x + y = Ke x − y ∵ K = C 
dy
20. Solve: 2( y + 3) − xy = 0, given that y (1) = −2 .
dx
dy
Sol. Given that, 2( y + 3) − xy = 0,
dx
dy
⇒ 2( y + 3) = xy
dx
dx  y 
⇒2 =  dy
x  y +3
dx  y + 3 − 3 
⇒ 2. =  dy
x  y+3 
dx  3 
⇒ 2. = 1 −  dy
x  y +3
On integrating both sides, we get
2 log x = y − 3log ( y + 3) + C........ ( i )
When x = 1 and y = −2, then
2 log1 = −2 − 3log ( −2 + 3) + C
⇒ 2.0 = −2 − 3.0 + C
⇒C =2
On substituting the value of C in Eq. (i), we get
2 log x = y − 3log( y + 3) + 2
⇒ 2 log x + 3log ( y + 3) = y + 2
3
⇒ log x 2 + log ( y + 3) = ( y + 2 )
3
⇒ log x 2 ( y + 3) = y + 2
3
⇒ x 2 ( y + 3) = e y + 2
21. Solve the differential equation dy = cos x ( 2 – y cosec x ) dx given that y = 2
π
when x = .
2
Sol. Given differential equation,
dy = cos x ( 2 − y cos ec x ) dx
dy
⇒ = cos x ( 2 − y cos ec x )
dx
dy
⇒ = 2 cos x − y cos ec x.cos x
dx

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 dy
⇒ = 2 cos x − y cot x
dx
dy
⇒ + y cot x = 2 cos x
dx
Which is a liner differential equation.
dy
On comparing it with + Py = Q, we get
dx
P = cot x, Q = 2 cos x
IF = e ∫ = e ∫
Pdx cot xdx
= elogsin x = sin x
The general solution is
y.sin x = ∫ 2cos x.sin xdx + C
⇒ y.sin x = ∫ sin 2 xdx + C [∵ sin 2 x = 2sin x cos x ]
cos 2 x
⇒ y.sin x = − + C ...... ( i )
2
π
When x = and y = 2, then
2
 π
cos  2 × 
π  2
2.sin = − +C
2 2
1
⇒ 2.1 = + + C
2
1 4 −1 3
⇒ 2− = C ⇒ =C ⇒C =
2 2 2
On substituting the value of C in Eq. (i), we get
1 3
y sin x = − cos 2 x +
2 2
22. Form the differential equation by eliminating A and B in Ax2 + By 2 = 1 .
Sol. Given differential equation is Ax2 + By 2 = 1
On differentiating both sides w.r.t. x, we get
dy
2 Ax + 2 By =0
dx
dy
⇒ 2 By = −2 Ax
dx
dy y dy A
⇒ By = − Ax ⇒ . = −
dx x dx B
Again, differentiating w.r.t. x, we get
 dy 
x −y
y d 2 y dy  dx
. + . =0
x dx 2 dx  x 2 
 

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 2
 dy   dy 
2 x  − y 
⇒ . 2 +   2  =0
y d y dx dx
x dx x
2
d2y  dy   dy 
⇒ xy 2 + x   − y   = 0
dx  dx   dx 
2
⇒ xyy "+ x ( y ') − yy ' = 0
23. Solve the differential equation (1 + y 2 ) tan −1 x dx + 2 y (1 + x 2 ) dy = 0 .
Sol. Given differential equation is
( ) ( )
1 + y 2 tan −1 xdx + 2 y 1 + x 2 dy = 0
⇒ (1 + y 2 ) tan −1 xdx = −2 y (1 + x 2 ) dy
tan −1 xdx 2y
⇒ 2
=− dy
1+ x 1 + y2
On integrating both sides, we get
tan −1 x 2y
∫ 1 + x 2 dx = − ∫ 1 + y 2 dy
Put tan −1 x = t in LHS , we get
1
dx = dt
1 + x2
and put 1 + y 2 = u in RHS , we get
2 ydy = du
1 t2
⇒ ∫ t dt = − ∫ du ⇒ = − log u +C
u 2
1 2
⇒ ( tan −1 x ) = − log (1 + y 2 ) + C
2
1 2
⇒ ( tan −1 x ) + log (1 + y 2 ) = C
2
24. Find the differential equation of system of concentric circles with centre
(1, 2) .
Sol. The family of concentric circles with centre (1, 2 ) and radius a is given by
2 2
( x − 1) + ( y − 2 ) = a2
⇒ x2 + 1 − 2x + y 2 + 4 − 4 y = a2
⇒ x2 + y 2 − 2 x − 4 y + 5 = a 2 ...(i)
On differentiating Eq. (i) w.r.t. x, we get
dy dy
2x + 2 y − 2 − 4 = 0
dx dx
dy
⇒ ( 2x − 4) + 2x − 2 = 0
dx
dy
⇒ ( y − 2 ) + ( x − 1) = 0
dx

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 Differential Equations
Long Answer Type Questions
d
25. Solve: y + ( xy ) = x(sin x + log x)
dx
Sol. Given differential equation is
d
y + ( xy ) = x(sin x + log x)
dx
d
⇒ y + x + y = x(sin x + log x)
dx
dy
⇒ x + 2 y = x ( sin x + log x )
dx
dy 2
⇒ + y = sin x + log x
dx x
Which is a linear differential equation.
dy
On comparing it with + Py = Q, we get
dx
2
P = , Q = sin x + log x
x
2
IF = e ∫ x = e 2 log x = x 2
dx

The general solution is

y.x 2 = ∫ ( sin x + log x ) x 2 dx + C
⇒ y.x 2 = ∫ ( x 2 sin x + x 2 log x )dx + C
⇒ y.x 2 = ∫ x 2 sin xdx + ∫ x 2 log xdx + C
⇒ y.x 2 = I1 + I 2 + C ...(i )
Now, I1 = ∫ x 2 sin xdx
= x 2 ( − cos x ) + ∫ 2 x cos xdx
= − x 2 cos x +  2 x ( sin x ) − ∫ 2 sin xdx 
 
I1 = − x 2 cos x + 2 x sin x + 2 cos x ...(ii )
And I 2 = ∫ x 2 log xdx
x3 1 x3
= log x. − ∫ . dx
3 x 3
3
x 1
= log x. − ∫ x 2 dx
3 3
x3 1 x3
= log x. − . ...(iii)
3 3 3
On substituting of value of I1 and I 2 in Eq. (i), we get
x3 1
y.x 2 = − x 2 cos x + 2 x sin x + 2cos x + log x − x3 + C
3 9

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 2sin x 2 cos x x x
∴ y = − cos x + + 2
+ log x − + Cx −2
x x 3 9
26. Find the general solution of (1 + tan y )( dx – dy ) + 2 xdy = 0.
Sol. Given differential equation is (1 + tan y )( dx – dy ) + 2 xdy = 0.
On dividing throughout by dy , we get
 dx 
(1 + tan y )  − 1 + 2 x = 0
 dy 
dx
⇒ (1 + tan y ) − (1 + tan y ) + 2 x = 0
dy
dx
⇒ (1 + tan y ) + 2 x = (1 + tan y )
dy
dx 2x
⇒ + =1
dy 1 + tan y
Which is a linear differential equation.
dx
On comparing it with + Px = Q we get
dy
2
P= ,Q =1
1 + tan y
2 2cos y
∫ 1+ tan y dy ∫ cos y +sin y dy
IF = e =e
cos y + sin y + cos y −sin y
∫ cos y + sin y
dy
=e
 cos y −sin y 
∫ 1+ cos y +sin y dy
=e = e y + log( cos y +sin y )
= e y . ( cos y + sin y ) ∵ elog x = x 
The general solution is
x.e y ( cos y + sin y ) = ∫ 1.e y ( cos y + sin y ) dy + C
⇒ x.e y ( cos y + sin y ) = ∫ e y ( sin y + cos y ) dy + C
⇒ x.e y ( cos y + sin y ) = e y sin y + C ∵ ∫ e x { f ( x ) + f ' ( x )} dx = e x f ( x ) 
 
⇒ x ( sin y + cos y ) = sin y + Ce −y

dy
27. Solve: = cos( x + y ) + sin ( x + y ) . [Hint: Substitute x + y = z ]
dx
dy
Sol. Given, = cos( x + y ) + sin ( x + y )
dx
Put x + y = z
dy dz
⇒ 1+ =
dx dx
On substituting these values in Eq. (i), we get

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  dz 
 − 1 = cos z + sin z
 dx 
dz
⇒ = ( cos z + sin z + 1)
dx
dz
⇒ = dx
cos z + sin z + 1
on integrating both sides, we get
dx
⇒∫
cos z + sin z + 1 ∫
= 1dx
dz
⇒∫ 2
= ∫ dx
1 − tan z / 2 2 tan z / 2
+ +1
1 + tan 2 z / 2 1 + tan 2 z / 2
dz
⇒∫
1 − tan z / 2 + 2 tan z / 2 + 1 + tan 2 z / 2 ∫
2
= dx

(1 + tan 2 z / 2 )
⇒∫
(1 + tan 2

= ∫ dx
z / 2 ) dz
2 + 2 tan 2 z / 2
sec2 z / 2dz
⇒∫
2 (1 + tan z / 2 ) ∫
= dx

1 
Put 1 + tan z / 2 = t ⇒  sec 2 z / 2  dz = dt
 2 
dt
⇒ ∫ = ∫ dx
t
⇒ log t = x + C
⇒ log 1 + tan z / 2 = x + C
( x + y)
⇒ log 1 + tan = x+C
2
dy
28. Find the general solution of − 3 y = sin 2 x.
dx
dy
Sol. Given, − 3 y = sin 2 x
dx
which is a linear differential equation.
dy
On Comparing it with + Py = Q we get
dx
P = −3, Q = sin 2 x
IF = e ∫ = e−3 x
−3 dx

The general solution is

y.e −3 x = ∫ sin 2 x e −3 dx
I II
−3 x
Let y.e =I
∴ I = ∫e −3 x
sin 2 x
II I

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  e−3 x   e −3 x 
⇒ I = sin 2 x  .  − ∫ 2 cos 2 x   dx + C1
 −3   −3 
1 2
⇒ I = − e −3 x sin 2 x + ∫ e −3 x cos 2 x dx + C1
3 3 II I

1 2 e−3 x e −3 x 
⇒ I = − e −3 x sin 2 x +  cos 2 x − ∫ ( −2sin 2 x ) dx  + C1 + C2
3 3 −3 −3 
1 2 4
⇒ I = − e −3 x sin 2 x − cos 2 xe−3 x − I + C ' [ where, C ' = C1 + C2 ]
3 9 9
4l  1 2 
⇒ I + 2 = +e −3 x  − sin 2 x − cos 2 x  + C '
9  3 9 
13  1 2 
⇒ I = e −3 x  − sin 2 x − cos 2 x  + C '
9  3 9 
9  1 2   9C 
⇒ I = e −3 x  − sin 2 x − cos 2 x  + C  where, C =
13  3 9   13 
3  2 
⇒ I = e −3 x  − sin 2 x − cos 2 x  + C
13  3 
3
⇒ e−3 x
( −3sin 2 x − 2cos 2 x ) + C
13 3
−3 x
e
⇒ = ( −3sin 2 x − 2 cos 2 x ) + C
13
e−3 x
⇒ I =- ( 2cos 2 x + 3sin 2 x ) + C
13
On substituting the value of I in Eq. (i), we get
e−3 x
y.e−3 x = − ( 2cos 2 x + 3sin 2 x ) + C
13
1
⇒ y = − ( 2 cos 2 x + 3sin 2 x ) + Ce3 x
13
29. Find the equation of a curve passing through (2, 1) if the slope of the
x2 + y2
tangent to the curve at any point (x, y) is .
2 xy
x2 + y 2
Sol. It is given that, the slope of tangent to the curve at point ( x, y ) is
2 xy
 dy 
2 2
x +y
∴   =
 dx ( x, y ) 2 xy
dy 1  x y 
⇒ =  +  ...(i )
dx 2  y x 
Which is homogeneous differential equation.
Put y = vx
dy dv
⇒ =v+x
dx dx

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 On substituting these values in Eq. (i), we get
dv 1  1 
v+x =  + v
dx 2  v 
dv 1  1 + v 2 
⇒v+x =  
dx 2  v 
dv 1 + v 2
⇒x = −v
dx 2v
dv 1 + v 2 − 2v 2
⇒x =
dx 2v
2
dv 1 − v
⇒x =
dx 2v
2v dx
⇒ 2
dv =
1− v x
On integrating both sides, we get
2v dx
∫ 1 − v2 dv = ∫ x
Put 1 − v 2 = t in LHS, we get
−2vdv = dt
dt dx
⇒ -∫ = ∫
t x
⇒ - log t = log x + log C
⇒ - log (1- v 2 ) = log x + log C
 y2 
⇒ -log 1 − 2  = log x + log C
 x 
 x2 − y2 
⇒ -log  2  = log x + log C
 x 
 x2 
⇒ log  2 2 
= log x + log C
x −y 
x2
⇒ 2 = Cx
x − y2
Since, the curve passes through the point (2,1)
2

∴
( 2)
= C ( 2) ⇒ C =
2
2 2
( 2 ) − (1) 3

( )
So, the required solution is 2 x 2 − y 2 = 3x.
30. Find the equation of the curve through the point (1, 0 ) if the slope of the
y −1
tangent to the curve at any point ( x, y ) is .
x2 + x
y −1
Sol. It is given that, slope of tangent to the curve at any point ( x, y ) is .
x2 + x

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  dy  y −1
∴  = 2
 dx ( x, y ) x + x
dy y −1
⇒ = 2
dx x + x
dy dx
⇒ = 2
y −1 x + x
On integrating both sides, we get
dy dx
∫ y − 1 = ∫ x2 + x
dy dx
⇒∫ =∫
y −1 x( x + 1)
dy 1 1 
⇒∫ = ∫ −  dx
y −1  x x +1 
⇒ log ( y − 1) = log x − log ( x + 1) + log C
 xC 
⇒ log ( y − 1) = log  
 x +1
Since, the given curve passes through point (1,0)
1.C
∴0 −1 = ⇒ C = −2
1+1
−2 x
The particular solution is y − 1 =
x +1
⇒ ( y − 1)( x + 1) = −2 x
⇒ ( y − 1)( x + 1) + 2 x = 0
31. Find the equation of a curve passing through origin if the slope of the
tangent to the curve at any point ( x, y ) is equal to the square of the
difference of the abscissa and ordinate of the point.
dy
Sol. Slope of tangent to the curve=
dx
and difference of abscissa and ordinate = x − y
dy 2
According to the question, = ( x − y ) ...(i )
dx
Put x − y = z
dy dz
⇒ 1- =
dx dx
dy dz
⇒ = 1−
dx dx
On substituting these values in Eq. (i), we get
dz dz
1− = z2 ⇒ 1− z2 =
dx dx
dz
⇒ dx =
1− z2
On integrating both sides, we get

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 dz
∫ dx = ∫ 1 − z 2

1 1+ z
⇒ x= log +C
2 1− z
1 1+ x − y
⇒ tx= log + C ...(iii )
2 1− x + y
Since, the curve passes through the origin.
1 1+ 0 − 0
∴ 0= log +C
2 1− 0 + 0
⇒ C=0
On substituting the value of C in Eq. (ii), we get
1 1+ x − y
x= log
2 1− x + y
1+ x − y
⇒ 2x= log
1− x + y
1+ x − y
⇒ e2x =
1− x + y
⇒ (1 − x + y ) e2 x = 1 + x − y
32. Find the equation of a curve passing through the point (1, 1) . If the tangent
drawn at any point P ( x, y ) on the curve meets the co-ordinate axes at
A and B such that P is the mid-point of AB .
Sol. The below figure obtained by the given information
Let the coordinate of the point P is ( x, y ) . It is
given that, P is mid-point of AB.
So, the coordinates of points A and B are
( 2 x, 0 ) and ( 0, 2 y ) , respectively.
0 − 2y y
∴ Slope of AB = =−
2x − 0 x
Since, the segment AB is a tangent to the curve at P.
dy y
∴ =−
dx x
dy dx
⇒ =−
y x
On integrating both sides, we get
log y = − log x + log C
C
log y = log ...(i)
x
Since, the given curve passes through (1, 1) .
C
∴ log1=log
1

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 ⇒ 0=logC
⇒ c=1
1
∴ log y =log
x
1
⇒ y=
x
⇒ xy=1
dy
33. Solve: x = y (log y − log x + 1)
dx
dy
Sol. Given, x = y (log y − log x + 1)
dx
dy y 
⇒x = y log  + 1
dx x 
dy y  y 
⇒ =  log + 1 ... ( i )
dx x  x 
Which is a homogeneous equation.
y
Put = v or y = vx
x
dy dv
∴ =v+ x
dx dx
On substituting these values in Eq. (i), we get
dv
v + x = v ( log v + 1)
dx
dv
⇒x = v ( log v + 1 − 1)
dx
dv
⇒x = v ( log v )
dx
dv dx
⇒ =
v log v x
On integrating both sides, we get
dv dx
∫ v log v = ∫ x
On putting log v = u in LHS integral, we get
1
.dv = du
v
du dx
∫ u =∫ x
⇒ log u = log x + log C
⇒ log u = log C x
⇒ u = Cx
⇒ log v = Cx
 y
⇒ log   = Cx
 x

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