chaptes- T Ordisma Di ferentmal

Equahsns n mo e than sa Vuaales

Coeh Rnts CalledA dif**ton exuh

- =, J+*ao
5 = o +9 0

TPes of Difesnti tuHO

Dfesnia E DEJ

CoDE
O e i a D.E Paha DE
A di stnha s
diGsen ha)taes
COnA)Ss

nRPEndRnd Vuule. depEndRK VUaL)s

d'g+
Su faie In Thaee d i n e nsions

tauaHon o { Suxtaa T hwee RnS)On3

cl\*mension

Euaon T of Cat e a i a s fos

t a } a n Co-0td ma

Pasuneme n of SutTaCA_

-
tCusv)

h e n to pa
n of aue s df u V

C espo ndnq a st

nd he n SpLLA
C d ,B) u nce

As s tue

SO e soleiE f usV.
et S u V as TUnCHos

of ana .
V
e

obtuin
)
 EquaHon ( TSCe1ed panexie unhr

osufoce,
A pacm
mekr Surfr
t
*aa- a
us V, 3 atosu

Paane uke u x foe

q
Lel s-A

2 q2

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+V2 V

R Pla me
Spatia Cury3

The
TS O

(E i
U e
Vh One PO5 t netn pos
SuKtace e n e a t e use
O

W e Can o a quSoo f Ure

s0 e Susfac In CaghuSjan for.

2
t = (Last Sint)
E :Lo 21T] R S-+
Csele \n P \ane

it) Les24 Sis 2t)

Lo, 2n3 R F
t)
RSt u t - Cest,sit,
Lo 2i]
LH

Tt
LetP(ad,3) t
Case 3),-3), = U), he

SS

Po

Let C s + S s ) , ZCSS) , SA` ebe

Po\Kt 0S Cux\e.

The n iseekios oSmes

o he choa
s - 3 ) zs+s-3u

S +Ss) - u 3 ) + >s a ) + ( S s ) >

s+Ss) - e ) - Ss d + O(ss2

Sdy
Ss)2

s+Ss) -S ) = &s d o (&)

 diaeetos CoSse
{
(s+)), 06.) ( S d + O S s

as da+O() oCS»), d3 + O(ss)

e s

tnas = OO( s =o
1F 0 , Ss0 &c

Ss 0o
alon alos
tO h
tha TOnant
ieeh on t

at P tun
uios
oSins d
T
Thhw
u.

Po)t

)--

U), &S) be
Let a )) S-
quanvs o usNe.ad FCu)J3 uy)=o
esuss
usfae , Theo
 ,
K na to tho S u s t u A

(E
(EF nd diseeion Co ofte
to haSucfat 3=f a 3 ) . a t a

aF

T.c o

a Pad>3) ae

2+).
 The unhons o ne tonent plae T
at tne Pont Past,3) to re surforr

(x-) Fa+ (y-3) Fat (z-) Fx= o-

Lhe CXYz) At Co-0sod\mtts o

of ha t gRnt Plane
Ohe pot
dhe q uanon of
the tunaent
SumitAs1
et P to th SusfaRe S q(dA)=0
plane TT
1S 0-G)
8 * (2-3)s
CK-a) 6 t

be une ot N t ho of
Let L a

to tHe Cuve
the a a e T&Te ak f.
s tna \ntRcs h SS, S2
3 S,
hich
C
, * oft
Tne)

X-3
(G)
F 4FaGs

a,aataia oo
Fys - f47, F a F

FG)
F FsG,)
Consider m sus4Rs SE

S2E GlaJ> 23)-0.

Tness ha

af da da+ da 0 -(6

4dat d d 0

sD ( and uS1

da
FG)

Cf) F)
a , dj,dz) a
Siwnuttaneols diftexenial e u Ogs oof
he fh t oreer a n AYa f i s t d * *
m m&Re VUUasles

R m of S ulta neous D.E. oft 1e

Tst DselRx and i s t deqtee a

dx =t , x
O
oxdes
Consid«s D E. o

8-f(,x,
dt
dt

dt t

sp Cose of e
Then (S)

Tf n-3,

- {2tb .
d - {,tE,1,¥2 ) , dE

dt 2
 GRnesal S x * s of D E of f s
bsst

d
da) RUJJR)
Plad3)
uo UH0n at a t me of6
Coms dezn qq euajogs
tt hmd two
snall ale
we

C d C qe

sanshn
o1of
s V .ot n t t a a
(
Cuss of eqs (
nthols of
R

eths d- * SuOSe uCASdpz) TSa

Solwtios of .
t

to tind funcHas Pla,3,a),

T we all
R Lad3 Sueh thet
.and
ad, 3)
PP+9g+RR=0, then
epcE pt
0 Owi) be
pda+g d + R d
Solwh0 uLdK) S,
 a d a), Qlads) RCa8s3) and

aa Curtes f uaions
fnd

da
aT8)+AZ

SoI

Ca+3) 9 , R - 2Ca+X)

o fTmdd P gand R suwh that

PP+at RR0.

Let us ttke p C- I. Then

Tnu3
a=i 3 R - *} st
 P d a + d t Rd 0 S Exac

da+d3+
O

e
ula d,3)2 C

- a

ea - - ad 3=0 TS BA t

- a C

C-)-a
HencR heR

n E a
-213-
 dy d
3 - a)

R 3(a-8)
ch oCse
P+gg+EF= 0

dadJ+dB=
b

o hoss p
men PP+ RR=o
1da tds=0

cds
aeda

Cb-L
.Ansi a+b 3 =C aa+ L7+ 8 C2
Temo-L
Th ne}nG e plos h e S)«opifcaN
nsd-F
Cues
of
O Fimd înt

da
( + 3 - a 5
-
U+a+03

*O)

da

Aa

0, ue ha
A10 f*0

d3
 da- d3
(2a AJ)

da qd

8 -2 q3 202 C

Thus, 1meg uxns a t

nemo-L
easy oR euahto
alsermt fsu *n

of s<A.
R

nsidz tne sst dd

O R

SuPd
C t
d

Coa be so bX uuS)s
E
R of O. D.E
obe soloff C
L
) 9
TRK we fhnd3-f,

aeuuHv9 O, R t
ths
Q1s

dad wnR
R

h ose s
 As qesent 1

st tug o
SIde

+ 3 C -
we ha

d
+C

.soluion o f
 R o

a Cgl* .

usR method-)
23-3 33-

(a+D) C1+3)C ) 3 a - J ) C 3 - 1 )

da dy
3 (- 3a-83)
272 c 3
wR mened-F