T Ay ok Co-pctik To.

c
evals
-attend anme ( 5/ weigitage)- allt
i33es (x1o1) (ecs + t
l e t s netes (t o/ wreigltage)
-mid nd CanpAe.
C30 (35
attendanle > 8o (td maans)

i 3 303 (bek mrdtannd

eon Comfie.)

l l o Tim wiU e ote Aook

(chant shuits)
*goals o Toc
Comftas lk - Tsgs yon Ca do nssg
Comfrtw (iw Ts EAa)
ena, l i r Conpsas
djdt
t t abot aw

JTes
Cemftek pkrt Conptus
jder&y (nobles Tha ate (onftke,
/um-(omfutable
TTase aht w t dlet imad w. 4t a lonpTn)
MLw-(omftabl moans N Math/ (m
v Campt T h a t
 7e me
Aami5y, Te d o
Compttable PAo tlanns.
exthesivily
mami memmoy allorak
9wmiow (als
d j ; 6sted nmets
ReoN Ceg.
9Ti/sfa e fba.drj ,
(fw TKe a t a t

Eaiows
bed
Sye)
chas adiz atip ob Tke
and TKiis clanes
nlali av ghips.
Semrantie o f cag amimg . ang
nageg
o ferk pnal
Sematy ts
demoipnnd Semak e.
4ow ea Ain (ode, hanges 7R
stat e Tke mnathine.
k r
(3ivwa Paogaa
P Cam y orm Say h t
STRe KaAeTha
P maPfi5
Pa

(TRASS Stidsgd
Sinan )
der de, sttd
 C t hsongl Tztt a u bct Hhao sngku
Malbe mad Pso ss

Tem y Hoake (inventid a syt

o as Om i m g ) - t 0ahe Jajt.
Temninajon
Snthuis (am pthe wany Gemei e
CaaoA Ps0gAamas
e a)
ThAs Come we aNe enl Cmhrnnd
abont P0g amns K I anne SPeakied
iPls amd otp-t.
(oter alg ajthmje [3 bs, Trt drt
TeAminmA are N do alt hesp, r e
sta matbe - o s , tiakre Siznes

Copstak
Cnly TRise aho dealt iw a o
algeh,kemic,1s j1 a unnen ow ,
9obl
herLis T Cet oall wdsfa3h
O Some/l CA E

also als o calld aalphalzds

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OVei des-)
CPnn be di tred dke T:)
SoTe a l l s mdor 7o Ccatag'y a
algarhmit Paob lo.s
N*N N( bst, Ts daust k t i
T abame f t t u
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tt Tre lt
A/XN

3(bier
AV

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7g-fa)
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here

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A nes al n)
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ore xehdal T h e admme ohi-t

s t T (abe nadslod as i
des taif i amd id Th dek.

-l w) dn To lol, wad
- e olemet os The emnh d
Cwitw lagl zeso
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-am dentes The whd

es. ant
TRee o6 all nwpds
A,B£L
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A /ueA and vts}(ce

eee T bb ane
Lt
A , At=A: A ,ka al mtw
( Conatienah' n
 TuiJ matbi tT basus a l l
A=Se% A =A t all m
t
Madso-dog onP tna.
A=OA" Caitato okn) A dusta PAs1, a alsesnstel
he chasattsizad ag sl c i o{
A AM
C bcts6 t , aar callod as lan ganagus
iiAo,ak, asb} ovtE)
ssisa
&a, db,ad!- kee
Aaa, aab, aabi, ada,asab Col
asas b, ab la,
abba, abbabi
n L L
diteny
mibw ot all Tast is (A* e g* 1)=13|
L L: h)= w e l
E dts teh all wdds ove
Cant p ofez i i s ao trve Goa jdotky detsio Paobl
(oamanage)aans Caiputabl.
we(anw aMomhall,
(obi'se Pho4us
Thn ok oe s/e
ow doSi ov fho bAg.
ubuls
EE a13ta Sone l E
Co ctp - i l a hu/fak)
we wil Nit mot r s m alcJtve
PAobns
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n k antoma. (it is besscaly - fmta
a FA isa pl (a, E, S, S,Suh
Tt

S e aX . (Sis akr)
w TK toh enpomalg.
tate (wslas/vesti s)
-T5 ansj 4 2 , s, v4, s (He ats
(altlud edges)
inal ctar (a) at
i a t t s (Ty a s (stt tt) annd E is
s ded alph abEF
e :-
ang ag et T s tr aenada is Ca be mttl also. ttu
dtid as all Tode wools hic ae T-
CaPabl o ut amd emd iAS a fa),T we denzti iG
Va
(5llo wfos TR diagsa Cef omet (aAEA, SA, SA, FA T
N i - kmal tta ( a aluo Jhave A w is
wad Sard ta
ealteted by
oToin edges litis allsod av
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E
Sn E axEh a4 s desined
.
aA)=aaa, a saa,. . a
ktmd az T TS iS
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TR AtomTa A i S la )s Sn (Sa(a,), a)
k all
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all wads wjkl
ai a/Gpted.
) onse A n a's
mt bidd T s w ho
jndtvey L - L (rs Ta be PMove
These ,nveads 7a
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arut wdi as 6 P1ovew.)
i avd Namsd D
w e * , (we LA wel:
ikall ttu aie t7l, TRewlangmage CP o. )
o Snt a atomta is(*] (denec)
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Th TRe Pat maklin ralny

A-lam E*
gmage Ls ¡s Sajd d be 1) aRRmw we LA

r l a , ib La=L Some imi

auto mta A:
snh Tat:) LMmA

Cornsev e als. wissa ne a.

isLAeglas? a S(, u)= as,ik 3 oa
ends t H a'S.

S slo ikt eds wit 3

a
is l ddam ardomcta a,)=, Connse Ctve a's.
6 chow img ThT Sonetkiyis N T do(my Ts
Aegdkis dibti Ct imolely.
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a Two
Aess ive. A SS la£ER Aplar
k pnogh a s w st
bavim kr
and we
1)L ad T , aAo also
ognamic allotako (ar mdd
T as m Aegmda
antomnata.
ang A0Gmlas angmage b Éa, (abe 4 LLa
dus laj bad iw C PA03A a

ad vi -vesa) 5) L
a cosT
7
b
todt utaw ante m t T t
X-1)
A: al be medimal at
etde t
A, LI:L Ca) La
d
-ect
At La= 2*L
E>fA) is,
C Ca om
So ys faove -)
ex ku Conuna LIVLa
Sin t 8, stL(&) = La.
how do yom bin TS,
ma Kp al TRo d tts oh a s f a,b
a
2a
o imal stta
EL(A) ard ae
LO.
LO 2 ( a yo ma K T s astomTan.
V4 wm-kmal fafe
ad( t y Am a s T t I eta. (To Psove jt AIGJs)
imagis a
ople ard Piot Ced
otates
A l.
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Lvla
(y) (Pa,)> (a,) Ngnda
1 t A,B be To fA attofhng Jagnags
(Pa, Li La E* ie L(A)=ly ad L(=L2
i T s Kjd ef atomat, Tte nak Such TRt
AT c be aw fA

ac aAx a Sc!FSa,S
stt fe: (fax@6 U Aax fs
P
na) eke befa dveek
S (C,):= (Sa (ta), Sa ( ) )
isAe gulat.
as T
T Phove L() =LivLa
lond is itve LO, i weLi i wel
tA le ff,
st(L l)-4 ( s t Tis)| welwt
)t be Sneh TKd
a FA) w e LCC, 16 SeC , ) efe
Gs'6ASg=SA, FR: 8A \FA S e lSa, S),) Efe
Sg SA Ep= Ea Le mma wf E*
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L(8 E*rL; [wE E wt L

Sal) EFa || `s (Sa, f

i o w eLi welg
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S i l a k appaoach i's kolUewod a
(3Ln La C
-
L(A)= a-d L(R)=LA

(aa)
LI=L(A? z LgaL(
AtcSr aa) sued Thot
Ac A XG Sei=(Sos).
6st 7s do wwo
fe FAXf
SeCCa)a):= (Sa(),Ss(a,)) and ab

TRe imiral trasi ot Ehera

ToPAve-(Le= Linta. (lan ktanig
atPAaul)
(Pwm) TS mivla Te mud ko
als)
(NEA).
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a's) A
a)
(aatTR MaUnine 3am dombg ma Rs
( Anns)- langr. Cchoila TTAO vg gmessima a~d Chos sus
(Pata)-(f
w e mnaKo T s CoT n t , avd 6alig
)A2,)-6,a) PAoveThat al Tkek,
AOB (mwlkp ak 6, weo als) NFA) %obbs Cabo splred msing
DFA) also.
e , 6as, 12«s,-
a e l l ) , Stne 7TRear ts a Poss;bidt.
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fA = DFA)
A(aE, A,s,).
T o jab is dane J t , Å:a*xek-a,e duktmed
7Rasw PA) is jta ab i a
CorARnte ,
Aaath aa aeh ante
Setot tate
y eng awad
Andl PoSSibrLreg.

Cor-pleti kamnhabt7to syete OA(Phe) =P

is a
avajdab, NfA's aorntg e )
A(tw) UA (IA).
evey OFIS a Pe &CR
NFA( t , vn)
A whd i s at e Ped 6 NFAA,
NfA) S a
DfA ênlSa, )nfa
)anal dekinTEo
CAS, A,s, F) Tkswenld AAun ym back a se

angmaze
SO B a (ePtod b NFAA

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y J Ts s a wtatn diry i
m havý'mg dOmajw Xx
AAnge
aPaobla)
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T: Lis ae6ygnlase, it
Somw NfA
MfA
aVa Aet L atotrd y a wfA A.
A
DFA a,t dekimod as kdlows
Ma - a, )A B a DFA

b
TkeTSAks
e s:aA
*rad atao.
9R Jngrge ot NEA, is alko
oGlas
angnage. (e meed te Paove TE3 get)
As ( a asas CaelauTan
ivalot Sg= SA
vew NfA f' XE Gs IXn fa 7 g}
S:6nea
aea,s') a:axs 92 (bi chois rotly
+) daim weod)
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wE ER, BA(sA,)afa t6, ibt
a Sfvgltoset

f: f Paoob
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emivaleT nfA
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7h s aRe is v vjk)
 .
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a
imolli a
A

ndn t v (ne ;- S,6a

AS Sm $& (P.) =
An (P) a
omd hy
SsCiw =An (l,na)
6
(fa 6
Ths is ANFA
LCe?= LtA).L(
s a l olekn.
ba( ta o, (Aeglai Aangmage ls.th iL,Laae Agmlai,TEe L:La is znla
-Lla
J t L=LlA) ad Las Ll amd Aß le a
LL(A) 3 la eL ( NPA alupg Li
A
(V4 Avs) wTKO ab ove Case i ( i s mao
P irmas ai, TRo e l, La b
Ow dkagi am doe t tmids ne
eny w hd
ewlarr lamgmages ane Tre desican 9
So, we mud Ta baran id daa i
paro blos 7 t Ca be sodrd by a(FA wa Cans amd fA ouud.

Fbsj rally splwes Some de se- Case,

PAo blen e MAKP P algo ag TR a t
 t e be NEA Snd 7hat
a
alas) USA oheawio.
Ac: =eAt , T s iS T
clai L)=L
fcfB As(v) i t i Tyul yo a ng
lontaTini
Ae (a): (k
Twe Sat igs L,
DA(4,4) USs otles wis ho dog o
exa-pe Lee (N
maKO aw

Sa,itSnik Sa nFata L*
SaVS, theiwi exeld
cdni- Leclrla
MAr cdosso paoPeiies
Called MoMeid,i
AA aple (S,,) is a

-Sis a çt; CCasm set)

K)TKo Sxs S, is aesoGaf ve ire,
TLis Aegnlat TK L s Se glai
M (w1).v= ( 1 )
S
-

Act Ls L(A) ad At be wEn

a
aCe hng isT1 dutt elume-d, e e s , ie

Azt c, ko aSne MatNfA wE S , e w w:e = w

e-Fhgw nd.
O A , S: =SA
DE*, , ) is a momsjd
L L ul' ufvl..
e,a, a:,4:4, Skie (V,T,t, ois aMON oid
(als o CoMmt akv
fefa vÉ) med TK,s?
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is
wa
a l.g
 a o
-8 16
TT ab o
ardo mliam is a Piagiam
(isPeies, ubat is T mext tep
S
w #ve a ) also Aegdat.
t al ds&i s ok whds is LRe
9ivig a
segkiCE t. TRo fRog9ta)
anton
A m h:SiSa is (alled a
maNaid i,LisAo guls,7
hHDIs als e,
Homomphis S ) To eple.

Sa,'a,), i (Two Mowoids) T , Le i s Aesplas, TK L s E

is aso Algdar
unv es1, h (u )h(u) A).
1 wec*/J+) eLt
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a ome mthig A be
6 slodd abnge a

CEt,)t ( t ) Caw be a selak also

Toho v
PRot-iolea s-
h(v)-h() +h/)=|n1at
U.v
Cnt chow T3ovgh tnd-ho :) 16 la)oo (T t rs Matugad
amsitieons gah
55 amtto a dekd
kh lettes,n we
a

-a
(e1t (n",) O

CS we add dwmy t e
yo dave S e h i sahy T's
TCoaAL ic)
 7Re w s sS
a n ? 7hA 1
HomomArhic Taasdie Nwd No ro
we

amAonda j4
*IA acupt rd iw TKIs
( ) Any wo Giv noneids, isaluptad
iPAeVi'ons ason d

ow, a goal is ti gevs alize Tc ad

dek inv t mall,
exa-pl
(The dragh a fat)
wth/L), ehow TRtwelE

Came Cotasy Coruditan a oglas o

a magry

Le is.a Aagda ngnnge, noo ve

Tat (L) E E s ako
Aoglss wods Suh
(A langnago wIEM TEUl exj
The
HeP is T
m no.af eTTe eb o
okn
Codsnted automata, wd i s
dow i Cealdu wAds)).
aC Cof tols wj al seios. (1we uva and (v2.
Cnet eew a
sjms t)
The
u v i eLts al! (ier
anto mafa. yo wat i a t
AS
Ca TaKe Mmli plb 3
taHes
above ato mal am.
Aa

(a Caha ly Ap
aC
9Ishat we
mwd Io 18ove
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T G mt
a
AgulA
age is
ieTo Piave
Sonultiy is nm-AgJas )
soSome ) a s t sprt k s
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as we ady nanve m-di Ai
Te :- shoro- t L:=akbR[keaNis
n tgdat.
S o m e anto matnw A st wook teg Ca-:
M w
M-
A is LIA) =4
osideied wed (wad
a |a .a(7 m

CmbTue anl ewhg (my d i t stat

T mm e C'at
tfet Kev
Considei
all wag o6
lec-10 splythg TRe
amt Lvpad.

2 Tew yon Cam ame

Suul a pak iw Tr
anto mat
aM- M

Aegla_

KYTKAA (hdhTAs wdd is

s t a ce ted by L
Lfd'w/weL
es,wRis The eveaw Te wAd w.

SoTGs Has 7 e a Nm-Aegnlas make al aat Ats- r a l ttes

in-al t t e s t a t ttes.
amgn ag
Gnnd Ttor eveso many anAo Th
on
Cel
 ( md

M-M1
a a
t)At
y t geta o ndkta. oglos.
L(A)a" n2 ad 1gtates
oa L:a
akK (Ats lonsidev Ts wd4 C mc
splt Ts No I T Pnnfir loune
9s0TKis sA
((- a a b|P
T His t s Mp
Pniapestpita Past st H o do on o
-
Al glas Jongna3
Pa0o
a(a- Atvs makt a Lonnonm dphigsuh , -

aK a K. ( nat fast ot To ( u 5 m t n s
a- C a t be aaglat
a aak-UH),E
alta t 5 of t o ( 4 Ciphov-i'g)

La 2 is mtN gls
ib e P f Ts, o Yangt is J0 - : M2 2
o t sdo The anmgmage TàRe a borm om aplig a

2ter angmng
 al pha:Ig SeA is a
Att i Jo3
Se, Knosng Some As ult, we lav e n e

PAOg Aa mM
ler
Th temm E: qeEle lglE16a lE,¬
and 7hS
R2 gmas ex lacus. (Syta)
oveaE kat ex (a+)2 , W
v U y wad That t a
TReD ahi rwa eele ways ob lsking ot (Semakes.) wit a/s avd emols wi a
ALGmlan Xargnages. nvuds Smtex
e es Paogi ammg Aagay
TKs tsTh T be (onpz
Pho49 ammig agna wo Semanks

e Aokig it (otes i t t i eli- fe9rs a set owds iw E

£:= MAUhie)
aeEle lslE tEa EEaE 1 d e tels yon T enirg ok
9 SnTax ard The xpAs i ow E olusasbod s e
enariii set eome

aSet(ov5, yonm gss all Cat do

e fe 1 Strskt it
wit im oto m taw

w e wU
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eD,
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Copt s, (aw be seded by aEA u-ako is bas; Cally ,ald Te wids
n e wa 7 say h i s (onf stabe a
farti ds expasie dastajbes
is(Tjg nmchi 7 (i ( l a t ) )
md woy is Vja tdrig iw t e s e
Ph 0g1 amjmg angnages
(0ui))- fie))
as ex PAAsj ve ag Avgulaa lanugnage.
Oai ek a qulss enpaess jov, isa
(we Camw ak0 Piawt To ohe way asond) I0las lan nage.
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/T man ek a e gmlasPxPAsi
is TRe
A:=(A1E,A,S,) EA
qulas Aamgnage
Su

u anPXbio be Ts
ad wjll Con
e offos cao is alse Tne
we
amto mafa ind tivdy jt lko T

Re (> de tkiaut)
NEA PAevions Pio)
How odo olduid TEo NFA?
e

*E, GE)is ar gdes longrag

a bt,
wil yom Sot o
bavak Tr?
Ho
osjde anbitay expu6 i 6 E
am md

CUv RE ing cetok al n g s

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o ta
Conily ua atennt
Ken Tht C) TKoe ;Sa pat Jakobd k3p
E, A st el-L( d Ci
onnedha
all vaas iTR ta, ex lept
i1st ad dast, belog Tx
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cet
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d a
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E1,Ea
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EEa nsig dosuai AoPkes Set 9ctates
2 Hoo 6a alss daynt w k.
L(A)= [El and/a:) Ea 1
TRe Rng o6Seivák
xPAusiens, we ase anvags

x-Sa-
oe ( is Som adita te
 V

gaw
(ct a ye
a, mede j nid N3
1s Nt inmoad)
The Soy d =L LA)
A

aa dusr{ )
aW uve a amd XE
(r
Xx
HS) Guamtt
we Aeme ve Tre Sase
wWoul dn* be Coaa b3 alKos, i =e +[1+ e(T.)
t

a4)- (a*) tav sintli6yins by

wiCe Sams t
exjAsj + (
How wowd he so Kov A grJA
ann auto nnTan

E+Ea +eCe*). (1)

iyo anne aw AAo mfa indvidnall, k e
aA ivdhctvely Kt aulht Hetiem
Euta we
(an6no A anto mta eac Past
ukct is ta+t3=
naig TR dos
vofete aa T
T stk alU wonds, set
 TIs
Cat")= /ue o) Ad How , do we mar

t [i(44)")E| l n w aR ws tate ams valent1

o n AB oJd tatermieAi vala.

beaept |
Pousag by dolp) ayait6 twe C*, a ( , E f
a totat is a Kd e kTEo, Tt
hs t f y dom
iw Leta:Sa"lacu
E (wd-desi eaivala-u Aelat isJakuxiv Symr
And TRasLve.
air
T T s is T geT oall tates, ThM
DFA's we set a
Angmlu eAmvivalt To
exfesj o, is Tre l l e t dfA To OTTS S os danmu
APPsB-etl Th JLGukas
PxpUsie?
TKnst, How d we awut it 6sfally indi 'ats
Snallut losblo (DFA aek Axiv ) aso edg

( Sy- <lvna/) <lun

Tasikv emK (4,4)and <(vs")
(VA
<()
á

LA)=? A Pavala-to Aelako

w wdds witl atlot aleteg

Pert
NO. e ttes bass cally Aoughly
GARes fmds (1 UY =x
to TKe ammnt o5 meny Aeyd t yn a i, 2a tEY
The Ae hle
 ARA
Goal T bild a DFA I ich on (aw alwangs
ma Ko a

No Two gtates an tatp-eanvnlraend

Ay A
-tA, be a pfA S n C ) o)eFalz
Aet ofe be a DF, SuchTst

6 S n ( Sa) tFA
Sal: (sa (TK1s Ube ona w ow)

ve letrr=
A SA T
Pash , TA
Siw.
(a js TReae a
P%o PATg Tat
t v T &(a) &(va). s tasAa

ka adka itm HaPie

Ts is wd lema Talks rknst
bta a NFA mog nnag nv
Hapfe Aamma
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