18.24.

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IMPROVING DRIVING SAFETY 2001 NOVEMBER
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This is a non-mandatory Environment, Health and Safety Supplemental Document -

Alcoa Controlled Entities Worldwide. Before using this document, check the Alcoa
Intranet to make sure that this document is the most current version. Valid for 30
days from 2001-11-14 .

1.0 SCOPE

This document applies to all Alcoans and third parties who use a Company Car, or a Motor
Vehicle while on company business or while on Alcoa property.
This document does not pertain to industrial vehicles not subject to licensing regulations,
such as fork trucks. For industrial vehicles, see 30.36.1 titled “Mobile Equipment Safety.”
This document is intended to supplement all applicable government regulations.
Outside service vehicles and material transport fleets operated by third parties are not
covered by this document and are to follow the governing requirements of the transportation
agencies having jurisdiction over these operations.

2.0 PURPOSE

This document describes methods to improve driving safety.

3.0 DEFINITIONS
None

4.0 REQUIREMENTS

4.1 DEFENSIVE DRIVING

Defensive Driving is the practice of safe driving techniques. These techniques are used
regardless of the actions of others. They require the driver to be prepared for a variety of
potentially dangerous and often life-threatening driving situations. The driver needs to
anticipate and compensate for the driving characteristics of other drivers, regardless of
environmental, physical, and vehicular conditions encountered. Defensive drivers expect the
unexpected and are prepared to react correctly to avoid or reduce the severity of vehicle
crashes. Defensive driving requires that you be “in control” emotionally and physically.
Basic defensive driving techniques include:
1) Applying the correct following distance. Don’t follow too closely. Leave 3
seconds between your car and the car in front of you.
2) Allowing a cushion of safety by attempting to leave room around your car on all
sides.
This document is the property of Alcoa Inc. and must be returned on request. It shall not be reproduced or copied, in whole or in
part, or used on behalf of others than Alcoa Inc. or its subsidiaries, without permission. It is provided solely for the purpose of
disclosing Alcoa's approach and is not intended to be a recommendation for any recipient other than Alcoa. No warranties,
guarantees or representations, express or implied are made as to the utilities or effectiveness of the methods, processes,
products or procedures described or recommended herein.
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3) Scanning continually to be alert for anything unusual.

4) Maintaining the speed appropriate to the current driving conditions.
5) Being aware of blind spots.
6) Attempting to leave an “escape route” when waiting in traffic, to prevent being
hit by another vehicle approaching from the rear. Using your rear view mirror to
frequently observe approaching traffic.
7) Being aware of the wide turning radius of semi-tractor trailers. Don’t get
caught on their right as they are turning right.
4.2 FATIGUE
Driver fatigue has been determined to be a contributing factor in many traffic accidents.
Often, fatigue leads to increased reaction time, which can prevent the driver from reacting
quickly enough to prevent an accident.
The following are some causes of driving fatigue:
1) Insufficient rest.
2) Driving several hours after a full day of work.
3) Ingesting various medications or controlled substances.
4) Driving after consuming a large meal.
5) Driving long distances at highway speeds (highway hypnosis).
6) Maintaining an improper driving position behind the wheel.
7) Driving in an excessively warm vehicle cause by from the car heater, the sun or
the wearing of heavy clothing.
To defend against driving fatigue, the following should be done:
1) Do not drive long distances without getting proper rest.
2) Adjust the seat to a proper upright position.
3) Take frequent breaks when driving long distances. Try moderate exercise or
muscle stretching. Remember to select a safe location when stopping and
exiting the vehicle.
4) Keep the automobile interior temperature moderate.
5) Don’t drive immediately after a heavy meal.
6) Check all medications for driving drowsiness warnings and follow the
warnings.
7) Exercise good judgment and don’t drive when you feel unable.
This document is the property of Alcoa Inc. and must be returned on request. It shall not be reproduced or copied, in whole or in
part, or used on behalf of others than Alcoa Inc. or its subsidiaries, without permission. It is provided solely for the purpose of
disclosing Alcoa's approach and is not intended to be a recommendation for any recipient other than Alcoa. No warranties,
guarantees or representations, express or implied are made as to the utilities or effectiveness of the methods, processes,
products or procedures described or recommended herein.
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Business units may wish to set guidelines for preventing fatigue such that employees
understand they are not expected to take unnecessary risks. Supervision should discuss
expectations with employees; for example, that staying in a hotel would be permissible rather
than driving several hours after a full day of business.
4.3 GUIDELINES FOR VEHICLE OPERATION
1) The use of rental vehicles, company cars, or public transportation should be
encouraged for all business travel as opposed to the use of personal vehicles.
2) Whenever the vehicle is parked, the vehicle should be placed in park, or in
gear, and the hand brake set. If on a slope, turn the wheels toward the curb.
3) Daytime running lights, if not automatic, should be used. Insure lights are on
low beam.
4) Adjust headrests to the proper height for your body.
5) Vehicles should be used for their designated function. Vehicles should not be
loaded beyond the manufacturer’s specified capacities.
6) In addition to other listed requirements, as a minimum, vehicles should be
equipped with:
a) Left and right side view mirrors.
b) Rear window defogger.
c) A basic radio, if the vehicle is to be used off-plant, to receive alerts
about severe weather or traffic conditions.
7) Hatchback models, station wagons, estate wagons, sport utility vehicles, and
minivans should be equipped with a “security cover” over the rear luggage
compartment or have a barrier to prevent loose articles from flying into the
passenger area in the event of a sudden stop.
8) In addition to any items required by local law, company cars may be equipped
with an emergency kit that contains appropriate equipment such as:
a) A reflective emergency vest.
b) Flashlight with batteries.
c) Ice scraper where weather warrants.
d) Reflective emergency triangle warning sign.
e) Emergency blanket such as survival or “Space” blanket where weather
warrants.
f) Battery jumper cables with safe use instructions.
This document is the property of Alcoa Inc. and must be returned on request. It shall not be reproduced or copied, in whole or in
part, or used on behalf of others than Alcoa Inc. or its subsidiaries, without permission. It is provided solely for the purpose of
disclosing Alcoa's approach and is not intended to be a recommendation for any recipient other than Alcoa. No warranties,
guarantees or representations, express or implied are made as to the utilities or effectiveness of the methods, processes,
products or procedures described or recommended herein.
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g) Non-flammable emergency tire inflator.

h) Work gloves.
i) Map of travel areas.
9) The following should be inspected frequently and immediately repaired if found
to be damaged or improperly operating :
a) Brakes;
b) All lights including turn signals;
c) Windshield wipers;
d) Tire condition and pressure, including the spare tire.
e) Horn.
4.4 CELL PHONE USE PRECAUTIONS :
1) Know your wireless phone and its features, such as speed dial and redial. Pre-
program frequently dialed numbers.
2) Allow passengers to operate the phone if it is necessary to use it while the
vehicle is in operation.
3) Do not take notes or look up phone numbers while driving.
4) Whenever possible, pull off in a safe location to take incoming calls.
5) Use your wireless phone to call for help. Dial 911 in the US, or other country
local emergency number.. This is a free call on your wireless phone in the US.

5.0 REFERENCES
18.24 titled “Driving Safety”
30.36.1 titled “Mobile Equipment Safety”

6.0 APPENDIX
None

This document is the property of Alcoa Inc. and must be returned on request. It shall not be reproduced or copied, in whole or in
part, or used on behalf of others than Alcoa Inc. or its subsidiaries, without permission. It is provided solely for the purpose of
disclosing Alcoa's approach and is not intended to be a recommendation for any recipient other than Alcoa. No warranties,
guarantees or representations, express or implied are made as to the utilities or effectiveness of the methods, processes,
products or procedures described or recommended herein.