World Literature:

Textual Aids (1 Week)

Lesson Introduction

Echkart Tolle once said, “When you lose touch with inner stillness, you lose touch with yourself.
When you lose touch with yourself, you lose yourself in the world. Your innermost sense of self, of who
you are, is inseparable from stillness. I am that is deeper than your name and form.”
In your previous journeys, you have been provided with a lot of opportunities to explore and
improve yourself. Now that you are in the final stage of your junior high school years, what this lesson
promises is to teach you how to increase your effectiveness in responding to problems which challenge
your innermost sense of self, your “I am that is deeper than your name and form.”

Guiding Questions

1. What is textual aid?

2. What will be the effects of textual aids on the understanding of a text?
3. What is the difference of linear and nonlinear texts?
TEXTU AL AID S

Concept Map of Module

ADVANCE
ORGANIZER

VENN DIAGRAM

LINEAR AND
NONLINEAR TEXTS

FLOW DIAGRAM

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 Learning Targets

1. Determine the effect of textual aids like advance organizers, titles, non-linear illustrations, etc. on
the understanding of a text. (EN10RC-Ia-2.15.2)
2. Define textual aids.
3. Give the importance of textual aids on understanding a text.
4. Create a diagram using textual aids.

Explore

Read each statement closely, and identify what is suggested by each statement.
1. I am a vitamin you need if you have colds. What am I?
2. I am what you use when it’s raining. What am I?
3. I am what you wear when the sun is at its peak. What am I?
4. I once protected China from invaders, now I am a wonder for visitors. What am I?

Answers:
1. _______________________________________
2. _______________________________________
3. _______________________________________
4. _______________________________________
Make sense of all your answers together to come up with the answer to this riddle.
What “D” is built for protection?

Firm Up

Textual aids are educational instruments, could be written texts, or printed texts and other ways of
emphasizing the essential phrases, thoughts, graphs, and /or images. Textual aids are tools or
materials that provide support and facilitate understanding of texts. These aids are, most of the time,
graphical outlines or images that gives a general idea of a certain topic.

Here are some examples of textual aids.

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Advance organizer is relevant introductory materials presented in advance in any format of text,
graphics, or hypermedia. Instructors may use an advance organizer to present a framework for
module content.

Venn diagram is used to identify, classify, categorize and recognize similarities and differences of
two or more subjects, ideas, thoughts, and / or concepts. 

Linear and Nonlinear Texts are differ in the manner by which they are read. Linear texts are the
traditional texts that are read from beginning to end. Sense and meaning are independent on the
grammatical and syntactic arrangement of the words. These words follow a certain sequence, and
are printed on paper. Poems, legends, short stories, fables, novels, and other educational texts are
all examples of linear texts.
On the other hand, nonlinear texts are information presented in an orderly manner, and to allow
readers see a large amount of information at one glance. This information usually consists of figures
and facts which shows trends, comparisons, and relationships, and clarify concepts. Among those
nonlinear texts that you will encounter may include graphs, tables, diagrams, map, and even
photographs.

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 Flow Diagram is a sequence chart that shows series of events in order. If you have a concept that
has steps or has certain order or sequence then it can be showed this kind of textual aid organizer.

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 Textual aids help you understand and comprehend any story, subject, or topic. They give
emphasis on what should be focused on. Important words are sometimes written in bold to catch the
attention of the reader. Italicized word are used to meanings, synonyms, footnotes and many others
depending on the style of the writer which he believes would make the words more visible and easy to
remember.

Deepen

Read first the text and fill the graphic organizer based from text. Then answer the processing questions.
Bats
There are numerous amount of animal species in the world. They all have adapted and evolved to
survive in their surroundings. Some have grown fins, others legs, and still others wings. One of the animals
that has grown wings is the bat. The bat is a truly great creature. Bat belongs to mammalian species.
Mammal is a type of animal that feeds milk to its young and that usually has hair or fur covering most its
skin. Humans are mammals and so are dogs, whales, elephants, and horses.
Bats also have the unique quality of echolocation that it uses to catch insects. When they use
echolocation, they produce ultrasonic sound waves and then use the echo of the returning sound to sense
the world around them and in particularly to catch insects. Though other mammals, like the flying squirrel
seem to fly but actually glide, the bat is the only mammal that can truly fly. Most of their species are
nocturnal. They have keen vision and sense of smell that they use in hunting their small preys and
protecting themselves from predators.
Due to the great variety of species of bats some characteristics vary greatly but the Little Brown Bat
is a good example of a bat. It has fur on its body, large naked ears, its rear legs have claws, it has a tail
membrane, and it has the most distinguishing feature of a bat, wings. The upper arm of the bat is short
while the forearm is very long. The wrist is very small and from it comes the thumb and the four longer
fingers. The thumb is short and used for climbing or walking. The fingers are long and thin. Interlocking the
fingers is the wing. This set up of having the fingers in the wing gives the bat amazing flight
manoeuvrability.

BATS

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Processing Questions:
1. How did you feel about the activity?
___________________________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________________________

2. Did you find diagramming difficult? Why or why not?

___________________________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________________________

3. How do these textual aids help you in understanding the text?

___________________________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________________________

Glossary

Advance organizer- relevant introductory materials presented in advance in any format of text,
graphics, or hypermedia. Instructors may use an advance organizer to present a
framework for module content

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 Flow Diagram- sequence chart that shows series of events in order. If you have a concept that has
steps or has certain order or sequence then it can be showed this kind of textual aid
organizer
Linear texts- traditional texts that are read from beginning to end. Sense and meaning are
independent on the grammatical and syntactic arrangement of the words. These words
follow a certain sequence, and are printed on paper
Nonlinear texts- information presented in an orderly manner, and to allow readers see a large
amount of information at one glance. This information usually consists of figures and
facts which shows trends, comparisons, and relationships, and clarify concepts.
Textual aids are educational instruments, could be written texts, or printed texts and other ways of
emphasizing the essential phrases, thoughts, graphs, and /or images

Reference

Tagay, Lourna V. (2019) Journey Through Literature and Language with World Literary Texts 10
Celebrating Diversity Through World Literature 10 English Learner Material (pp. 12)
https://www.123helpme.com/essay/Bats-54784