PROBLEMS

Part I-Sequential logic circuits

1. State the difference between sequential and combinational
circuits
2. Which flip-flop is best suited for designing a counter and
why?
3. Write down nine steps that must be followed in designing
sequential circuits
4. A sequential circuit has one input and one output. The state
diagram is shown below. Design the circuit with J-K flip-
flops

Part II-MSI
1. What is a magnitude comparator?
2. What is a multiplexer? How is it different from a decoder?
3. How are multiplexers useful in developing combinational
circuits?
4. A certain multiplexer can switch one of 32 data inputs to
output. How many different inputs does this MUX have?
5. What are the four basic types of shift registers? Draw a
block diagram for each of them.
6. A shift register has seven flip-flops. What is the largest
binary number that can be stored in it?
7. How many FF are required to design a MOD-10 counter?
 8. In a 5-stage ripple counter, the propagation delay of each
Flip-flop is 50ns. Find the maximum frequency at which the
counter operates reliably.
9. What is the difference between synchronous and
asynchronous counters
10. Explain why a ripple counter’s maximum frequency
limitation decreases as more flip-flops are added to the
counter.

Part III- Integrated Circuit logic families

1. What is the difference between discrete and integrated
circuits
2. What is the advantage of digital IC over discrete circuits
3. Classify digital IC generations in terms of switching speed,
power consumptions, package density, IC size.
4. What is logic family? Why logic family in digital IC?
5. List down seven different logic families basing on internal
construction and fabrication process involved in the
integrated circuits.
6. Digital logic families are usually evaluated by comparing
the characteristics of the basic gates of each family. List
down any five governing parameters of digital logic
families.
7. A TTL has the following parameters;
Logic 0 output voltage level is 0V to 0.4V
Logic 1 output voltage level is 2.4V to 5V
Logic 0 input voltage level is 0V to 0.8V
Logic 1 input voltage level is 2V to 5V
Calculate the noise immunities for all voltage levels of the
TTL
8. With reasons, compare the switching speed between RTL
and DTL
9. Mention all commercial TTL 74/75 series and their
improvements.
10. Compute the speed-power in pico joules product of
 schottky TTL if its switching speed is 1MHz and the power
dissipation is 10mW.
11. With reasons, compare the noise margin of ECL and that of
I2L
12. Explain how I2L below can be used as an inverter

13. What is the difference between JFET and MOS

14. Categorize the following logic families in terms of
switching speed, power dissipation and package density;
TTL, I2L, MOS and CMOS.
15. Why digital IC interfacing is so beneficial in logic families
16. With reasons, state the designing parameters to consider on
interfacing CMOS and TTL in fig. below
Part IV- D/A & A/D conversion
1. Describe five specifications of Digital –to- analog (D/A)
converters
2. Describe five specifications of Digital –to- analog (A/D)
converters
3. Determine the resolution of a 12-bit A/D converter having a
full-scale analogue input voltage of 5 V.
4. The data sheet of a certain eight-bit A/D converter lists the
following specifications: resolution eight bits; full-scale
error 0.02% of full scale; full-scale analogue input +5 V.
Determine (a) the quantization error (in volts) and (b) the
total possible error (in volts).
5. Example: A 10-bit A/D converter of the successive
approximation type has a resolution (or quantization error)
of 10 mV. Determine the digital output for an analogue
input of 4.365V
6. Determine the conversion time of a 12-bit A/D converter of
the counter type shown below for an input clock frequency
of 1MHz

7. Compare the average conversion time of an eight-bit

counter-type A/D converter with that of an eight-bit
successive approximation type A/D converter if both are
working at a 10 MHz clock frequency.
8. What is the maximum quantization error for an 8-bit A/D
converter if a full-scale analog input is 10 V?