CAPSICUM ANNUM (CHILI PEPPER) EXTACT

AS TERMITE PESTICIDE

Chapter 2: Review of Related Literature

This chapter contains about the review of related literature that is based on the studies which

is “The effect of chili pepper (capsicum annum) as a feasible pesticide for crop production”. It

includes the following: Pepper (annum) as organic pesticides, the insecticidal potential of chili

pepper (Capsicum annum) leaf extract against termites and it contains the chili

(capsicum)properties, and the benefit of using chili pepper (capsicum annum) to the low-income

farmers and its related studies.

Pepper extract as organic pesticides

According to http://group6jstud-wordpress G.F Antonious, J.E. Meyer, J.A Rogers and Y. Hu

(2007) farmers around the world provides a pesticide that can be used to exclude the number of

pests and insects.Pepper (annum) as organic pesticides has a feasibility to control the highest

quantity of pests and to have a highest rate of crop production. Consequently, it can help to the

quickly growth of fibers and plants. Today, chili pepper (capsicum annum) grow widely in Many

parts of the world as an important commercial crops that can be tested to produce an organic

pesticides without bad effect to the health of the people and also that is eco-friendly.

The insecticidal potential of chili pepper leaf extracts against termites

According to Romano (nd) chili is sharply flavored fruit of a pepper plant that can be

experimented as pesticides. Insecticidal chili pepper (capsicum annum) has a potential to

diminish the number of termites that destroys furniture or anything made of wood and also other

insect’s pests. On the other hand, chili pepper (Capsicum annum) as everyone knows it, is a

favorite spice of many people around the world including the Philippines. In contrary, chili

(capsicum) also contains a natural facts and health benefiting properties that can be used as

functional medicines. Regardless of its spicy taste, it is very practicable to conquer LDL

cholesterol levels in obese individuals. Chili pepper (capsicum annum) has amazingly high levels

of vitamins and minerals.

Nutrition Facts of Chili Pepper

Chili peppers (capsicum annum), despite their fiery hotness, are one of the very popular

spices known for their medicinal and health benefiting properties. The chili actually, is a fruit

pod from the plant belonging to the nightshade family (SolenceaePesticides and Repellents),

within the genus, capsicum. (Berke and Shieh, 2000)

These natural pesticides used to repel and eliminate harmful pest. The chili pepper (capsicum

annum) extract has a potential to use as an organic pesticides that can eliminate the high number

of pests. Natural pesticides can combat insects upon contact or through ingestion. Use as part of

an integrated Pest Management Program which includes traps for monitoring and capturing pests

and beneficial insects and organisms to control pests in their developing stages. Enhancing

fertility programs with natural fertilizers and soil amendments will increase plants’ health and

resistance to all types of pests in your home or gardening including weeds and diseases. (Kumar

et al., 2009)

Health Benefits of Chili Pepper

 Chilies, contains health benefiting alkaloid compound like capsaicin, which gives them
strong spicy pungent character. Fresh chili peppers, red and green, are rich source of vitamin-C.
100g fresh chilies provide

about 143.7g about 240% of RDA. Vitamin-C is a potent water-soluble antioxidant. It is requires
for the

for the collagen synthesis inside the human body. They are also good in other antioxidants such

as vitamin A, and

flavonoids like B-carotene, a-carotene, lutein, zea-xanthin, and cryptoxanthin.

These antioxidants substances

in capsicum help protect the body from injurious effects of free

radicals generated during stress, diseases

conditions. (USDA National Nutrient data base)

Chilies carry a good amount of minerals like potassium, manganese, iron, and magnesium.
Potassium is an

Potassium is an important component of a cell and body fluids that helps controlling heart rate

and blood pressure.

Manganese is used by the body as a co-factor for the antioxidants enzyme,

superoxide dismutase. Chilies are

also good in B-complex group of vitamins such as niacin,

pyridoxine (vitamin B-6) riboflavin and thiamin

(Vitamin B-1). These vitamins are essential in

the sense that human body requires them from external

sources to replenish. (USDA National

Nutrient data base)

Benefit of using Chili Pepper to the Low-Income Farmers

According to http://-ampproject.org Gianessi and Williams (2012) chili pepper (capsicum

annum) is a very

is a very popular in every country, including India. Three-fourths of India’s farmer had use chili

(capsicum) as

pesticides to protect or even secure the certain level of crop yield. In addition, it

can also help to minimize

risk of crop failure and losses and to deplete the higher number of

insect pests such as borers, thrips and etc.

also, it provides tremendous benefit of using pesticides

include increased food production, increased profit

for farmers and the prevention of diseases.

(Ahmed, 2010)

Increased Food Production

As the human population increases, the amount of food produced is very important. Due to
the high loss

the high loss of food production, pesticides are often used to try to combat the problem. By the

help of chili pepper

pesticides, it is possible to decrease the number of pests and produce larger

quantities of food.

Increased Profits for Farmers

 In using pesticides, farmers can produced more crops that can help to increase profits by
having more

having more produce to sell. Pesticides also increased farm profits by helping the farmer save

money on labor costs. Using

pesticides, it reduces the amount of time required to manually

remove weeds and pests from fields. (Kenya,

Ghana, 2007)

Prevention of Diseases

Saving crops and livestock, pesticides have also a direct benefit to human health. It is
estimated that

estimated that since 1945, the use of pesticide has prevented the deaths of around seven million

people by killing pests that

carry or transmit disease. Malaria, which is transmitted by infected

mosquitoes, is one of the most commonly

known and deadly diseases that has decreased in

prevalence due to the use of pesticides.

Related Studies

Pesticides and Repellents

 These natural pesticides used to repel and eliminate harmful pest. The chili pepper
(capsicum annum)

extract has a potential to use as an organic pesticides that can eliminate the high number of
pests. Natural

pesticides can combat insects upon contact or through ingestion. Use as part of an integrated Pest

Management Program which includes traps for monitoring and capturing pests and beneficial
insects and

organisms to control pests in their developing stages. Enhancing fertility programs with natural
fertilizers and

soil amendments will increase plants’ health and resistance to all types of pests in your home or
gardening

including weeds and diseases. (Kumar et al., 2009)

SUMMARY:

Pepper extract as organic pesticides

According to http://group6stud-wordpress G.F Antonious, J.E. Meyer, J.A Rogers and Y. Hu

(2007)

(2007) farmers around the world provides a pesticide that can be used to exclude the number of

pests and insects.

Pepper (annum) as organic pesticides has a feasibility to control the highest

quantity of pests and to have a

highest rate of crop production. Consequently, it can help to the

quickly growth of fibers and plants. Today,

chili pepper (capsicum annum) grow widely in many

parts of the world as an important commercial crops

that can be tested to produce an organic

pesticides without bad effect to the health of the people and also that

is eco-friendly.

Pepper extract as organic pesticides

G.F Antonious, J.E. Meyer, J.A Rogers and Y. Hu (2007) farmers around the world provides
a pesticide

a pesticide that can be used to exclude the number of pests and insects. Pepper (annum) as

organic pesticides has a

feasibility to control the highest quantity of pests and to have a highest

rate of crop production. Consequently,

it can help to the quickly growth of fibers and plants.

Today, chili pepper (capsicum annum) grow widely in

many parts of the world as an important

commercial crops that can be tested to produce an organic pesticides

without bad effect to the

health of the people and also that is eco-friendly.

The insecticidal potential of chili pepper leaf extracts against termites

According to Romano (nd) chili is sharply flavored fruit of a pepper plant that can be
experimented as

experimented as pesticides. Insecticidal chili pepper (capsicum annum) has a potential to

diminish the number of termites that

destroys furniture or anything made of wood and also other

insects pests. On the other hand, chili pepper

(Capsicum annum) as everyone knows it, is a

favorite spice of many people around the world including the

Philippines. In contrary, chili

(capsicum) also contains a natural facts and health benefiting properties that

can be used as

functional medicines. Regardless of its spicy taste, it is very practicable to conquer LDL

cholesterol levels in obese individuals. Chili pepper (capsicum annum) has amazingly high levels
of vitamins

of vitamins and minerals.

Benefit of using Chili Pepper to the Low-Income Farmers

According to http://-ampproject.org Gianessi and Williams (2012) chili pepper (capsicum

annum) is a very

is a very popular in every country, including India. Three-fourths of India’s farmer had use chili

(capsicum) as

pesticides to protect or even secure the certain level of crop yield. In addition, it

can also help to minimize

risk of crop failure and losses and to deplete the higher number of

insect pests such as borers, thrips and etc.

also, it provides tremendous benefit of using pesticides

include increased food production, increased profit

for farmers and the prevention of diseases.

(Ahmed, 2010)
Prevention of Diseases

Saving crops and livestock, pesticides have also a direct benefit to human health. It is
estimated that

estimated that since 1945, the use of pesticide has prevented the deaths of around seven million

people by killing pests that

carry or transmit disease. Malaria, which is transmitted by infected

mosquitoes, is one of the most commonly

known and deadly diseases that has decreased in

prevalence due to the use of pesticides.

Pesticides and Repellents

These natural pesticides used to repel and eliminate harmful pest. The chili pepper
(capsicum annum)

(capsicum annum) extract has a potential to use as an organic pesticides that can eliminate the

high number of pests. Natural

pesticides can combat insects upon contact or through ingestion.

Use as part of an integrated Pest

Management Program which includes traps for monitoring and

capturing pests and beneficial insects and

organisms to control pests in their developing stages.

Enhancing fertility programs with natural fertilizers and

soil amendments will increase plants’

health and resistance to all types of pests in your home or gardening

including weeds and

diseases. (Kumar et al., 2009)

CONCLUSION:

The chili pepper leaf spray work because of the chemclachemical the is inside the chili and the
leaf and

has amazingly

high levels of vitamins and minerals. Chili pepper extract has a potential to use

organic pesticides that can

eliminate the high number of pests. Natural pesticides can combat

insects upon contact or through ingestion.