MANAGEMENT INFORMATION SYSTEMS

& CYBER SECURITY

ASSIGNMENT 2

Submitted to
Dr. Reshmi A Rajan

Submitted by
NEENA MATHEWS
FM-1871
MBA BATCH 18 B
 INTRODUCTION

The application of information and communication technology (ICT) for providing

government services, information exchange, transactions, integration of previously existing
services, and information portals is known as e-Governance. The "e" stands for "electronic"
in e-Governance. e-Governance is defined by the Council of Europe as Electronic
technologies are being used in three areas of public action-Relationships between the
government and civil society, the effectiveness of government agencies at all phases of the
democratic process (electronic democracy) and the delivery of government services
(electronic public services). The concept of governance has grown extremely complicated.
Citizens' expectations of the government are rising.

e-Governance began in India in the 1970s, with a concentration on internal government

applications in the fields of defence, economic monitoring, planning, and deployment of ICT
to manage data-intensive processes such as elections, censuses, and tax administration.
The founding of the Department of Electronics in 1970 was India's first important move
toward e-governance since it focused on "information" and how it was communicated. The
District Information System programme was launched by the National Informatics Centre
(NIC) in 1977 to computerise all district offices across the country. The advent of NICNE
provided the fundamental drive for e-governance.

The objectives of e-governance are Citizens will receive better service, Transparency and
accountability are being introduced, and Information is used to empower individuals,
Improve government efficiency, i.e. between the center-state and the inter-states, Improve
the business and industrial interface. The Pillars of e-Governance are People, Process,
Technology, Resources.
 e-Governance initiatives undertaken by the state government

1.AKSHAYA Kendra
Kerala's e-governance pilot project is called "AKSHAYA." The initial goal of KSITM in
introducing ‘AKSHAYA' was to close the digital divide and make ICT accessible to the whole
population of the state. To attain e literacy, one person from each family was to be educated
in information technology.

2.e-Health

e-health provides an integrated framework for ensuring that healthcare services are
delivered efficiently. It contains a centralised database of healthcare information and a
support system for almost 50,000 healthcare service professionals at primary, secondary,
and tertiary care centres, including doctors, paramedical, and nonclinical staff.

3. Kerala Fiber Optic Network (KFON)

Kerala Fiber Optic Network (KFON) is a critical component of Kerala's ambitious goal to
connect BPL homes, government offices, hospitals, and schools to the Internet.
Approximately 2000 WiFi hotspots are located throughout the state to assist connected
users in schools, hospitals, offices, and homes. The public is given about 300 MB of free
data to use for other Internet services.

4. INDIAN INSTITUTE OF INFORMATION TECHNOLOGY AND MANAGEMENT-KERALA

(IIITM-K) is a world-class scientific, technology, and management institution. It
aggressively supports higher education throughout Kerala and beyond through its IT-
facilitated education programmes and services. The university is well-known for its
research in areas such as Artificial Intelligence, Computational Linguistics, and Remote
Sensing.

5. Thozhil

It is a computerization programme for Kerala's employment exchanges. It covers both the

registration and selection processes in the employment marketplaces. It saves time, is easy
to use, and is transparent. It makes any simple task easier.
6. SMART-Move

It is the motor vehicle department's e-governance initiative. The National Informatics

Centre (NIC), Ministry of Communications and Information Technology, Government of
India, created SMART-MOVE. It automates all functions of the motor vehicle department in
order to provide better service to citizens.

7. IDEAS: Information and Data Exchange Advanced System

Kerala State IT Mission implemented the Information and Data Exchange Advanced System
(IDEAS), a web-based online file, petition, and government order tracking system with
technical support from the National Information Centre (NIC). The tracking system makes
the government more visible resulting in better governance.

8. SPARK (SERVICE AND PAYROLL ADMINISTRATIVE REPOSITORY FOR KERALA)

SPARK (Service and Payroll Administrative Repository for Kerala) is a web-based G2E
integrated service and payroll management solution in Kerala. Through the system, each
employee is assigned and identifiable with a unique ‘Permanent Employee Number’ (PEN).
Its goal is to replace traditional service books with e-service books.

9. E GRANTZ

‘E GRANTZ' is a web-based solution for the timely delivery of educational support to all
post-matriculated students in Kerala from scheduled castes, scheduled tribes, other
backward castes, and economically disadvantaged groups. It strives to improve the social
and economic well-being of Kerala residents by providing financial support for children's
education.

10. KISSAN (Karshaka Information Systems Services and Networking)

An initiative by IIITM - K.The project sought to provide the farming community in Kerala
with a variety of dynamic and helpful information and advisory services. It's a web based
technology. All farmers in Kerala would benefit from excellent information distribution and
knowledge empowerment on demand.
 Initiatives Taken for e-Governance in Other States

1. Bhoomi Project (Karnataka): Online Land Records Delivery

Bhoomi is a self-sustaining e-Government project that automates the transmission of 20

million rural land records to Karnataka's 6.7 million farmers.

2. KHAJANE (Karnataka): End-to-end automation of Government Treasury System

The Karnataka State Government has launched a government-to-government (G2G) e-

Government programme. It was put in place primarily to address systemic flaws in the
manual treasury system and to improve the management of public finances.

3. e-Seva (Andhra Pradesh)

It is designed to deliver services such as "Government to Citizen" and "e-Business to

Citizen." Consumers/citizens receive all services online by connecting to the appropriate
government offices and receiving online information at the point of service delivery.

4. e-Mitra

e-Mitra Initiative in Rajasthan is an integrated project that uses Lokmitra-Janmitra

Centers/Kiosks to provide the urban and rural masses with the most comprehensive
services connected to various state government offices.

5. Lokvani Project in Uttar Pradesh

Lokvani is a public-private partnership project that began in November 2004 in the Sitapur
District of Uttar Pradesh. Its goal is to establish a self-sustaining e-Government solution for
processing grievances, maintaining land records, and providing a variety of critical services
through a single window.

6. Gyandoot

It's a Government to Citizen (G2C) service delivery project built on the Intranet. In January
2000, it was launched in Madhya Pradesh's Dhar district with the dual goal of delivering
important information to the rural community and serving as a link between the district
administration and the people.

7. SmartGov

SmartGov was created to help the Andhra Pradesh Secretariat streamline operations and
improve efficiency through workflow automation and knowledge management.

Decisions Systems

e-governance is the application of new information and communication technology (ICT)

by governments to a wide range of government tasks. ICT helps to speed up the flow of
information and knowledge between government and citizens while also changing the way
they interact. Transferring data or information through Internet is easier and faster. The
four components of decision systems are data management, model management,
knowledge management and user interface management.

The data management component performs storing and managing information. Every
information must be stored in a database. In the case of e-governance initiatives
information about people are stored in various database. Information is disseminated
through knowledge dissemination centers known as "Akshaya Centres," which are located
throughout the state and within easy reach of every family. Likewise Organizational,
External and Personal information can be stored in database. To save time looking through
the database and data warehouses, relevant information is frequently copied to the
Decision Support System database.

Decision Support Systems (DSS) aid decision-making in a variety of scenarios by applying

models that allow examining data in a variety of ways. The models that employ in a
Decision Support System are determined by the decision that are making and the type of
analysis the people need. The Broadcasting Model is a method of disseminating important
government information to ensure that citizens are well-informed. This model reduces the
information failure system. The Critical Flow Model is a method of delivering critical
information to a specific audience. E-health initiative contains lot of important data of
people which are useful to medical professionals. So any information about health should
be shared with utmost care. The Comparative Analysis Model for Assimilation of Best
Practices in Governance for Developing Countries is a model for assimilation of best
practices in governance for developing countries.

The model management component cannot choose the appropriate model for you to utilize
for a specific situation that requires your knowledge, but it can assist you in rapidly and
easily creating and manipulating models. Incubators e-governance initiatives which
comprises of Kerala Start up Mission provide a way for expressing ideas, concerns of
individuals. E-advocacy model directs the flow of information through virtual form of
networking. Interactive service model is also involved in the startup mission initiative
where there is participation and transparency in decision making process. Individuals get a
feeling of involvement and can engage in each and every decision making process.

Communication is done through the user interface management component. The user
interface management system is part of Decision Support System. ICT academy initiative in
e-governance provides service to the youngsters, teaching them ICT skills thereby
improving their knowledge in decision making process. By Knowledge city e-governance
initiative it paves way for people to have connection with businesses, entrepreneurs
thereby boosting the economy with proper decisions.

The knowledge management component, similar to that found in an expert system, gives
information about data relationships that are too complicated for a database to describe. In
the case of many initiatives like Kerala Fiber Optic Network, WiFi Hotspots it is very
difficult to incorporate huge area via Internet. Proper planning and decision at the
operational level is required.

Highlights of Initiatives by Kerala State Government

Establish Kerala as a knowledge-powered digital society by 2020 through the use of digital
technologies in the fields of digital citizenship, digital commerce, and overall social and
economic empowerment of citizens, all of which are matched to technology trends, citizen
and industry demands. The e-governance initiatives taken by the State government cover
almost all sectors. Similar projects were also implemented by other states. The SmartGov
initiative by the Andhra Pradesh government focuses on the knowledge management and
the Gyandoot initiative by Madhya Pradesh government provides services and it is a user
interface communication database.

The experts state that Kerala government set a benchmark in e-governance initiatives by
adopting digital and electronic technology. e-governance projects helps to improve and
provide attention and services to the citizens. By leveraging the state's e-Governance
ecosystem and providing all public services to citizens via electronic means, Kerala can
become a digitally empowered society and knowledge economy with long-term economic
growth. The Akshaya project was very much helping people and driven by the local
demand as Kerala is well known for social development, political influence and citizen
empowerment. Each and every initiative by the State is looking for new technologies. A
smart management system is very much essential and required especially in the time of
difficulties and crisis. The initiatives by the State have helped the people

Another key project by the State is the Agricultural Information Management System
(AIMS) and a comprehensive online database on farmers. As part of the e-governance
project, a centralised system for seed certification and providing licences to pesticide
manufacturers and traders would be implemented. It also features a module for
agricultural produce value addition and internet marketing. Kerala's rural development
department has developed an e-governance programme called Rural Soft. This programme
aids in the monitoring of village-level achievements in rural Kerala.

TIS (Treasury Information System) mark the start of totally computerising all of Kerala's
treasuries at the branch level. To prepare treasury accounts, they employ the ‘Treasury
Information System.' KHAJANE is also similar project by Karnataka government to improve
public finance management. The G2G and G2C services are provided by TIS. The public
who transacts with treasuries is given the information they need.
 SUGGESTIONS

1.All information are digitised and required to supply a large amount of data in order to
access various services, placing their trust in the trustworthiness of robust data security
and privacy mechanisms. Even when data is collected for a specific purpose/delivery of
service, the government must ensure that personal data is only collected and handled with
the consent of the subject. The government must act quickly to put in place appropriate
data governance systems. To control data access, use a dependable security model that
captures the proper set of responsibilities and rights. Implement the security model needed
authentication and auditing procedures.

2. Before transmission and storage, important data must be encrypted. Authentication

information, such as usernames and passwords, should only be stored and communicated
in encrypted form. People's misinformation requires a critical approach. A proper system
for data protection has to be implemented thereby ensuring security from threats.

3. The use of an Application Programming Interface (API) to access data must be safe
enough to ensure that only a predetermined portion of the code has access to the data. API
is the messenger that delivers your request to the provider and then returns the response
to you. So this system will be able to protect the data to an extent. As the interface provides
response back every data will be secured from threats.