PRINSTON SMART ENGINEERS INTERNSHIP

REPORT

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Guide: Mr Muneer Hamza
CONTENTS

1. INTRODUCTION
2. OVERVIEW AND HISTORY
3. MECHANICAL, ELECTRICAL AND PLUMBING
 MECHANICAL SYSTEM
 HEATING VENTILATION AND AIR CONDITIONING
 BASIC HVAC EQUIPMENT
 BASIC REFRIGERATION CYCLE
 ECONOMIZER
 AIR DISTIBUTION IN HVAC
 PSYCHROMETRIC CHART
 LOAD CALCULATION
 AIR CONDITIONING
4. ELECTRICAL SYSTEM
5. PLUMBING SYSTEM
6. FIRE FIGHTING
7. DUCT
 AIR HANDLING UNIT
 VOLUME CONTROL DUCT
 FIRE DAMPER
 VENTILLATION
8. PROJECT ON SCHOOL BUILDING
 EDUCATION BUILDING PLAN
 EDUCATION BUILDING ELEVATION AND SECTION
 EDUCATION BUILDING FURNITURE LAYOUT
 CALCULATION OF GROUND FLOOR AND FIRST
FLOOR OF SCHOOL BUILDING
9. ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT
10. SAFETY AND RESCUE
11. CONCLUSION
 01. INTRODUCTION

Heating, ventilation, and air conditioning (HVAC) is the technology of indoor and

vehicular environmental comfort. Its goal is to provide thermal comfort and
acceptable indoor air quality. HVAC system design is a sub discipline of mechanical
engineering, based on the principles of thermodynamics, fluid mechanics and heat transfer.
"Refrigeration" is sometimes added to the field's abbreviation, as HVAC&R or HVACR or
"ventilation" is dropped, as in HACR (as in the designation of HACR-rated circuit breakers).
HVAC is an important part of residential structures such as single family homes, apartment
buildings, hotels and senior living facilities, medium to large industrial and office buildings
such as skyscrapers and hospitals, vehicles such as cars, trains, airplanes, ships and
submarines, and in marine environments, where safe and healthy building conditions are
regulated with respect to temperature and humidity, using fresh air from outdoors.
Ventilating or ventilation (the V in HVAC) is the process of exchanging or replacing air in
any space to provide high indoor air quality which involves temperature control, oxygen
replenishment, and removal of moisture, odours, smoke, heat, dust, airborne bacteria, carbon
dioxide, and other gases. Ventilation removes unpleasant smells and excessive moisture,
introduces outside air, keeps interior building air circulating, and prevents stagnation of the
interior air.
Ventilation includes both the exchange of air to the outside as well as circulation of air within
the building. It is one of the most important factors for maintaining acceptable indoor air
quality in buildings. Methods for ventilating a building may be divided
into mechanical/forced and natural types.

Mechanical, electrical and plumbing (MEP) refers to these aspects of building design

and construction. In commercial buildings these aspects are often designed by an engineering
firm specializing in MEP. MEP design is important for design decision-making, accurate
documentation, performance and cost-estimation, construction planning, managing and
operating the resulting facility.
 02. OVERVIEW

The three major functions of heating, ventilation, and air conditioning are interrelated,
especially with the need to provide thermal comfort and acceptable indoor air quality within
reasonable installation, operation, and maintenance costs. HVAC systems can be used in both
domestic and commercial environments. HVAC systems can provide ventilation, and
maintain pressure relationships between spaces. The means of air delivery and removal from
spaces is known as room air distribution.

HISTORY

HVAC is based on inventions and discoveries made by Nikolay Lvov, Michael

Faraday, Willis Carrier, Edwin Ruud, Reuben Trane, James Joule, William Rankine, Sadi
Carnot, and many others.[11]
Multiple inventions within this time frame preceded the beginnings of first comfort air
conditioning system, which was designed in 1902 by Alfred Wolff (Cooper, 2003) for the
New York Stock Exchange, while Willis Carrier equipped the Sacketts-Wilhems Printing
Company with the process AC unit the same year. Coyne College was the first school to offer
HVAC training in 1899.[12]
The invention of the components of HVAC systems went hand-in-hand with the industrial
revolution, and new methods of modernization, higher efficiency, and system control are
constantly being introduced by companies and inventors worldwide.
 03. MECHANICAL, ELECTRICAL AND PLUMBING

MEP (Mechanical Electrical , Plumbing)is a BIM CAD software tool for Building

services engineering design, built on top of IntelliCAD. It provides full IFC (Industry
Foundation Classes) support, according to the 2x3 IFC Standards. FINE BIM structure
enables a smart model shaping and high design accuracy, directly applied to the real
3Dbuilding model and its building services (HVAC, water supply, sewerage, electricity). Not
only the building elements (i.e. walls, openings, roofs etc.), but also the components of the
mechanical/electrical installations themselves (i.e. pipes, heating units, fittings, cables etc.)
are all intelligent objects carrying their own attributes and interacting among each other. MEP
design is supported by specific CAD commands (i.e. smart location of units/appliances, auto-
routing commands for pipes/cables etc.) and further facilitated through sophisticated
recognition and validation algorithms, providing a user friendly modelling environment. All
the six FINEMEP software, vertical applications,
a) Fine HVAC for HVAC design,
 b) Fine ELEC for the Electrical design,
c) Fine SANI for Sanitary design,
d) Fine FIRE for Fire Fighting design,
e) FineGAS for Gas installation design, and
f) Fine LIFT for Elevator design,
combine design and calculations within a synergistically integrated environment, performing
all the required calculations directly from the drawings, and generating automatically all the
case study results: Calculation sheets, technical reports, a complete series of final drawings
updated with the calculation results (plan views, vertical diagrams, details), bill of materials,
budget estimation and others. In addition, FINE MEP applications interact in a synergistic
way with the other vertical BIM software applications of the 4M Building Design Suite
(i.e. IDEA Architectural and STRAD Structural). All the 4M BIM Software "work by
running a single spatial database to define intelligent objects for all disciplines, whether
architecture, electrical, HVAC, plumbing, elevators, and so on.
03.1 MECHANICAL SYSTEM

HVAC SYSTEMS

Heating, ventilation, and air conditioning (HVAC) is the technology of indoor and

vehicular environmental comfort. Its goal is to provide thermal comfort and
acceptable indoor air quality. HVAC system design is a sub discipline of mechanical
engineering, based on the principles of thermodynamics, fluid mechanics and heat transfer.
"Refrigeration" is sometimes added to the field's abbreviation, as HVAC&R or HVACR or
"ventilation" is dropped, as in HACR (as in the designation of HACR-rated circuit breakers).
HVAC is an important part of residential structures such as single family homes, apartment
buildings, hotels and senior living facilities, medium to large industrial and office buildings
such as skyscrapers and hospitals, vehicles such as cars, trains, airplanes, ships and
submarines, and in marine environments, where safe and healthy building conditions are
regulated with respect to temperature and humidity, using fresh air from outdoors.
Ventilating or ventilation (the V in HVAC) is the process of exchanging or replacing air in
any space to provide high indoor air quality which involves temperature control, oxygen
replenishment, and removal of moisture, odours, smoke, heat, dust, airborne bacteria, carbon
dioxide, and other gases. Ventilation removes unpleasant smells and excessive moisture,
introduces outside air, keeps interior building air circulating, and prevents stagnation of the
interior air.
Ventilation includes both the exchange of air to the outside as well as circulation of air within
the building. It is one of the most important factors for maintaining acceptable indoor air
quality in buildings. Methods for ventilating a building may be divided into mechanical/
forced and natural types.
 HVAC SYSTEM

03.2 Basic HVAC Equipment

• Fans / Blowers
• Furnace / Heating unit
• Filters
• Compressor
• Condensing units
• Evaporator (cooling coil)
• Control System
• Air Distribution System

03.3 BASIC REFRIGERATION CYCLE

MAJORLY USED REFRIGERANT

R22, R32 = HCFC (HYDRO CHLORO-FLORO CARBON)

R410a, R134a = HFC (HYDRO FLORO CARBON)

03.4 ECONOMISER

1. Economizers reduce air conditioning costs by using outside air (OSA) for free
cooling causing the compressor to run less. Air (OSA) for free cooling causing the
compressor to run less.
2. OSA dampers switch over to minimum OSA when free cooling is not available.
3. Economizer dampers switch to minimum ventilation position when OSA conditions are not
favourable for cooling.
4. The outside air sensor for economizers must be installed The outside air sensor for
economizers must be installed properly and sense the true outside air stream temperature to
be effective.
5. Eliminate outside air for ventilation during unoccupied periods by closing OSA dampers.
Periods by closing OSA dampers.
6. OSA damper operation should be monitored and recorded to verify actual operation of
economizer.
7. Percent OSA can be used to verify that the economizer is properly operating.
8. Percent of OSA is calculated using a formula or graph (to be Percent of OSA is calculated
using a formula or graph (to be covered later).

03.5 AIR DISTRIBUTION IN HVAC

• Ductwork
– Metal
– Flexible
– Duct board
• Grilles, Louvers, & Registers
• Dampers
– Shut off
– Fire
– Smoke
• Sealants
• Supports
03.6 PSYCHROMETRIC CHART

A psychrometric chart is a graphical representation of the psychrometric  processes of

air.  Psychrometric processes include physical and thermodynamic properties such as dry
bulb temperature, wet bulb temperature, humidity, enthalpy, air density.

A psychrometric chart can be used in two different ways. The first is done by plotting
multiple data points, that represent the air conditions at a specific time, on the chart. Then,
overlaying an area that identifies the “comfort zone.”  The comfort zone is defined as the
range within occupants are satisfied with the surrounding thermal conditions. After plotting
the air conditions and overlaying the comfort zone, it becomes possible to see how passive
design strategies can extend the comfort zone.
03.7 LOAD CALCULATION
• Heating and Cooling
• Accuracy important
• Design conditions
• Building shell load
• R, U value
• Internal load
• Ventilation load
• Infiltration

03.8 AIR CONDITIONING

An air conditioning system, or a standalone air conditioner, provides cooling
and humidity control for all or part of a building. Air conditioned buildings often have sealed
windows, because open windows would work against the system intended to maintain
constant indoor air conditions. Outside, fresh air is generally drawn into the system by a vent
into the indoor heat exchanger section, creating positive air pressure. The percentage of
return air made up of fresh air can usually be manipulated by adjusting the opening of this
vent. Typical fresh air intake is about 10%.
Air conditioning and refrigeration are provided through the removal of heat. Heat can be
removed through radiation, convection, or conduction. Refrigeration conduction media such
as water, air, ice, and chemicals are referred to as refrigerants. A refrigerant is employed
either in a heat pump system in which a compressor is used to drive
thermodynamic refrigeration cycle, or in a free cooling system which uses pumps to circulate
a cool refrigerant (typically water or a glycol mix).

STANDARD CODES OF HVAC

 ASHRAE (AMERICAN SOCIETY HEATING REFRIGERATION AIR
CONDITIONING SYSTEM).
 ISHRAE (INDIAN SOCIETY HEATING REFRIGERATION AIR
CONDITIONING SYSTEM).
COMPONENTS OF HVAC
 EVAPORATOR
 COMPRESSOR
 CONDENSOR
 EXPANSION VALVE

04. ELECTRICAL SYSTEM

In each plant, the mechanical movement of different equipment is caused by an

electric prime mover (motor). Electrical power is derived from either utilities or internal
generators and is distributed through transformers to deliver usable voltage levels.
Electricity is found in two common forms:
1. AC (alternating current)
2. DC (direct current)

The selection of an energy source for equipment depends on its application, each having its
own merits and demerits, but for an HVAC system or typical building services, we are
concerned with AC voltage.
Industrial AC voltage levels are roughly defined as LV (low voltage) and HV (high voltage)
with frequency of 50 to 60 Hz. An electrical circuit has the following three basic components
irrespective of its electrical energy form:
1. Voltage (V) is defined as the electrical potential difference that causes electrons to flow.
2. Current (I) is defined as the flow of electrons and is measured in amperes.
3. Resistance (R) is defined as the opposition to the flow of electrons and is measured in
ohms.

CIRCUITS

In order to flow, electricity must have a continuous, closed path from start to finish;
like a circle.
The word “circuit” refers to the entire course an electric current travels, from the source of
power, through an electrical device, and back to the source. Every circuit is comprised of
three major components:
1. A conductive "path," such as a wire, or printed etches on a circuit board.
2. A "source" of electrical power, such as a battery or household wall outlet.
3. A "load" that needs electrical power to operate, such as a lamp. The current flows to the
devices (called loads) through a “hot” wire and returns via a “neutral” wire because under
normal conditions it’s maintained at zero volts, or what is referred to as ground potential.
There are also two optional components that can be included in an electrical circuit. These are
control devices and protective devices. Control and protective devices, however, are not
required for a circuit to function. They are optional.
For example, a circuit that switches on an air conditioner when the temperature is too high
would contain the following components:
• A source of electrical energy, in this case, simple household current.
• A protective device that senses current flow on the circuit, the circuit breaker in the panel
box.
• A control device that redirects the current, the switch in the thermostat.
• A load such as an air conditioner that cools the space down until the circuit opens shutting
the air conditioner off.

STANDARD CODES OF ELECTRICAL SYSTEM

1. NFC (NATIONAL ELECTRICAL COURT)

05. PLUMBIMG SYSTEM

The building is served by a 1-1/4” diameter water service. The existing toilets
observed, are the “tank” type toilets requiring the minimal pipe size. The men’s room at the
ground floor had both urinals and toilets.

The sanitary for the building is connected to the toilets throughout the building. There area
men’s room and women’s room located and the ground floor. There is also a small
kitchenette in the computer room office which has a small sink. The first floor has a
handicapped toilet at the east end of the building and the second floor has a men’s room at the
west and a women’s room at the east end of the building. There is also a small sink in the
lounge on the east end of the second floor.

The domestic hot water for the toilets is served by electric water heaters. The water heater at
the ground floor serves the toilet rooms and the service sink. The heater is 9years old and is
located in the boiler room. The domestic hot water serving the toilets on the first floor and the
second floors is also electric. The heater is located in the lounge area at the second floor. The
heater is 4 years old. The roof drainage for the building consisted of gutters and down spouts.
STANDARD AND CODES OF PLUMBING SYSTEM

1. IPC (INTERNATIONAL PLUMBING COURT)

2. NPC (NATIONAL PLUMBING COURT)

3. UPC (UNIFORM PLUMBING COURT)

4. NBC (NATIONAL BUILDING COURT)

06. FIRE FIGHTING

Engineers concerned with smoke control often specify the use of the building HVAC
system in a special mode of operation for controlling smoke. However, depending on the type
of system and its set of components and controls, HVAC systems may be easy or difficult to
adapt for use in controlling smoke. The various types of HVAC systems such as multi zone
systems, induction unit systems, fan coil systems, VAV, etc. are described relative to their
ease of adaptability for controlling smoke. Also, the role of system components and controls
in HVAC system operation and adaptability of the system as a smoke control system are
described.

Automatic activation of smoke control systems is accomplished by the building fire

alarm system. The fire alarm system along with the automation system, are integrated to
monitor and control the smoke control system. The principal components and operation of the
two systems are described. In addition HVAC operating modes, are described as they relate
to smoke control.
 SPRINKLER

07. DUCT

Ducts are conduits or passages used in heating, ventilation, and air

conditioning (HVAC) to deliver and remove air. The needed airflows include, for
example, supply air, return air, and exhaust air. Ducts commonly also deliver ventilation
air as part of the supply air. As such, air ducts are one method of ensuring acceptable indoor
air quality as well as thermal comfort.
A duct system is also called ductwork. Planning (laying out), sizing, optimizing, detailing,
and finding the pressure losses through a duct system is called duct design.
07.1 AIR HANDLING UNIT

An air handler, or air handling unit (often abbreviated to AHU), is a device used to

regulate and circulate air as part of a heating, ventilating, and air-conditioning (HVAC)
system.[1] An air handler is usually a large metal box containing a blower, heating or cooling
elements filter racks or chambers, sound attenuators, and dampers.[2] Air handlers usually
connect to a ductwork ventilation system that distributes the conditioned air through the
building and returns it to the AHU. Sometimes AHUs discharge (supply) and admit (return)
air directly to and from the space served without ductwork.
Small air handlers, for local use, are called terminal units, and may only include an air filter,
coil, and blower; these simple terminal units are called blower coils or fan coil units. A larger
air handler that conditions 100% outside air, and no recirculate air, is known as a makeup air
unit (MAU). An air handler designed for outdoor use, typically on roofs, is known as
a packaged unit (PU) or rooftop unit (RTU).

SHOE NECK DUCT

FLEXIBLE DUCT
07.2 VOLUME CONTROL DUCT

A damper is a valve or plate that stops or regulates the flow of air inside

a duct, chimney, VAV box, air handler, or other air-handling equipment. A damper may be
used to cut off central air conditioning (heating or cooling) to an unused room, or to regulate
it for room-by-room temperature and climate control. Its operation can be manual or
automatic. Manual dampers are turned by a handle on the outside of a duct. Automatic
dampers are used to regulate airflow constantly and are operated
by electric or pneumatic motors, in turn controlled by a thermostat or building
automation system. Automatic or motorized dampers may also be controlled by a solenoid,
and the degree of air-flow calibrated, perhaps according to signals from the thermostat going
to the actuator of the damper in order to modulate the flow of air-conditioned air in order to
effect climate control.

07.3 FIRE DAMPER

Fire dampers are passive fire protection products used in heating, ventilation, and air

conditioning (HVAC) ducts to prevent the spread of fire inside the ductwork through fire-
resistance rated walls and floors. Fire/smoke dampers are similar to fire dampers in fire
resistance rating, and also prevent the spread of smoke inside the ducts. When a rise in
temperature occurs, the fire damper closes, usually activated by a thermal element which
melts at temperatures higher than ambient but low enough to indicate the presence of a fire,
allowing springs to close the damper blades. Fire dampers can also close following receipt of
an electrical signal from a fire alarm system utilising detectors remote from the damper,
indicating the sensing of heat or smoke in the building occupied spaces or in the HVAC duct
system.

07.4 VENTILATION

Ventilation is the process of changing or replacing air in any space to control

temperature or remove any combination of moisture, odours, smoke, heat, dust, airborne
bacteria, or carbon dioxide, and to replenish oxygen. Ventilation includes both the exchange
of air with the outside as well as circulation of air within the building. It is one of the most
important factors for maintaining acceptable indoor air quality in buildings. Methods for
ventilating a building may be divided into mechanical/forced and natural types.

 Mechanical or forced ventilation

Mechanical, or forced, ventilation is provided by an air handler (AHU) and used to

control indoor air quality. Excess humidity, odors, and contaminants can often be controlled
via dilution or replacement with outside air. However, in humid climates more energy is
required to remove excess moisture from ventilation air.
Kitchens and bathrooms typically have mechanical exhausts to control odors and sometimes
humidity. Factors in the design of such systems include the flow rate (which is a function of
the fan speed and exhaust vent size) and noise level. Direct drive fans are available for many
applications, and can reduce maintenance needs.
Ceiling fans and table/floor fans circulate air within a room for the purpose of reducing the
perceived temperature by increasing evaporation of perspiration on the skin of the occupants.
Because hot air rises, ceiling fans may be used to keep a room warmer in the winter by
circulating the warm stratified air from the ceiling to the floor.
  Natural ventilation

Natural ventilation is the ventilation of a building with outside air without using fans
or other mechanical systems. It can be via operable windows, louvers, or trickle vents when
spaces are small and the architecture permits. In more complex schemes, warm air is allowed
to rise and flow out high building openings to the outside (stack effect), causing cool outside
air to be drawn into low building openings. Natural ventilation schemes can use very little
energy, but care must be taken to ensure comfort. In warm or humid climates, maintaining
thermal comfort solely via natural ventilation might not be possible. Air conditioning systems
are used, either as backups or supplements. Air-side economizers also use outside air to
condition spaces, but do so using fans, ducts, dampers, and control systems to introduce and
distribute cool outdoor air when appropriate.
An important component of natural ventilation is air change rate or air changes per hour: the
hourly rate of ventilation divided by the volume of the space. For example, six air changes
per hour means an amount of new air, equal to the volume of the space, is added every ten
minutes. For human comfort, a minimum of four air changes per hour is typical, though
warehouses might have only two. Too high of an air change rate may be uncomfortable, akin
to a wind tunnel which have thousands of changes per hour. The highest air change rates are
for crowded spaces, bars, night clubs, commercial kitchens at around 30 to 50 air changes per
hour.
Room pressure can be either positive or negative with respect to outside the room. Positive
pressure occurs when there is more air being supplied than exhausted, and is common to
reduce the infiltration of outside contaminants.
TYPES OF CALUCULATION IN HVAC SYSTEM

 MANUAL METHOD

 SOFTWARE METHOD

TYPES OF SOFTWARE USED FOR THIS HVAC SYSTEM

 AUTOCADD

 HAP

 DUCT SIZER
 08. PROJECT ON SCHOOL BUILDING

08.1 EDUCATION BUILDING PLAN

 GROUND FLOOR PLAN

FIRST FLOOR PLAN

08.2 EDUCATION BUILDING ELEVATION AND SECTION

08.3 EDUCATION BUILDING FURNITURE LAYOUT
09. ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT
 HVAC system retrofits can affect local environmental concerns, principally indoor air
quality (IAQ), as well as global concerns such as ozone depletion and global warming. Most
studies have found that the majority of IAQ problems are related to HVAC systems with
inadequate air flow, poor maintenance, and insufficient outside air flow. When the HVAC
system is identified as the cause of a problem, a system retrofit may be required to solve the
problem. Ozone depletion, one of today’s most talked-about global environmental concerns,
has been traced in part to HVAC systems that use chlorofluorocarbon (CFC) or hydro chloro
fluorocarbon (HCFC) refrigerants. While there currently is no requirement to remove or
modify this equipment, increased costs of these refrigerants and regulations aimed at
reducing emissions are encouraging many managers to consider these changes.

Older chillers can be retrofitted to utilize replacement refrigerants that are more ozone
friendly. HCFC-123 is the current choice to replace CFC-11, while HFC-134a (hydro
fluorocarbon) is the current choice to replace CFC-12. HCFC-123 is an interim solution, and
is currently scheduled to be phased out starting in 2010.There is no compelling reason to
retrofit a chiller with a new refrigerant unless major work is to be done on the unit. On the
other hand, it may be more cost effective to replace the equipment if it is old and near the end
of its useful life. Reciprocating chillers and direct-expansion systems generally utilize HCFC-
22, which also is scheduled to be phased out starting in 2010. Several alternative replacement
refrigerants are currently undergoing testing, but no manufacturer has yet settled on a
replacement.

Global warming also is becoming a concern, and agreements may be adopted to reduce
carbon dioxide emissions by reducing the burning of fossil fuels. Refrigerants have a direct
global-warming impact, as well as an indirect impact because of the energy their systems
consume. Thus, any overall system efficiency improvement also will reduce carbon dioxide
emissions. There are several choices for new or replacement chillers. Centrifugal and rotary
screw chillers utilizing HCFC-123 or HCFC-22 are available from several manufacturers.
Another option is to utilize double-effect absorption chillers, either steam or gas-fired. These
units use water and lithium bromide and have no ozone-depletion or global-warming
potential. The double-effect absorbers are much more efficient than the old-fashioned single-
effect absorbers.

10. SAFETY AND RESCUE

 Working as an HVAC technician can be a smart career choice and one that’s thriving
in many cities across the U.S. According to Education.org, “heating, air conditioning, and
refrigeration technicians hold approximately 292,000 jobs, and job openings in the field are
expected to grow 9% through 2016.” Because this profession comes with inherent safety
risks, it’s important to follow a few guidelines if you’re a new technician. Here are five of the
most important.

1) Protective Gear

Any time you’re exposed to contaminants like dust, gases and other debris, you will
need a respirator to avoid breathing in any harmful particles. If the respirator lacks eye
protection, it’s necessary to wear either goggles or a face shield to keep your eyes safe from
contact with liquids or flying particles. Gloves and arm protectors need to be worn when
handling anything that could lacerate you such as sheet metal and glass.

Slip resistant shoes should ensure that you maintain steady footing, which is important when
dealing with potential leaks and slippery floors. If you’re in an environment where objects
may fall from above, a hardhat or some type of helmet is a good idea. Also, earplugs should
be worn whenever you’re in a loud environment for an extended period of time.

2) Tools for Staying Safe

Part of being a professional HVAC technician is using the right HVAC tools for the
specific job at hand. Before starting out on jobs, you will need to have acquired an assortment
of tools like wrenches, wire strippers, an anemometer, clamp meter and vacuum gauge. With
the ever-present threat of gas and radiation leaks, having a leak detector is also important.
Keeping everything in working condition through routine maintenance is critical for staying
safe on the job.

3) Identifying Hazards

Before jumping right into a task, it’s critical to take the time to make an assessment
and know exactly what you’re up against. When you’re new to this profession, you should
identify any potential hazards on each job site and take the proper safety precautions before
going forth. It’s better to take a bit more time to get the job done right and stay safe than rush
it and wind up seriously injured. The Centres for Disease Control and Prevention also
suggests that it’s smart to participate in “additional electrical safety training to those workers
working with or around electrical current, including proper rescue procedures.” If electrical
safety isn’t part of on-the-job training, one could consider taking a short 3-month electrician
training program.

4) Chemical Safety

On a daily basis, you’re likely to encounter a range of chemicals that can pose a
serious threat to your health. Everything from refrigerants and cleaning liquids to solvents
and detergents can be problematic if handled incorrectly. In some cases, certain combustible
chemicals can explode and cause major injury. That’s why you should always wear protective
gloves when handling chemicals that can cause skin burns.

You should always follow proper procedures when transporting and storing chemicals. In
some cases, newer technicians will lack in-depth knowledge on certain chemicals, so extra
precaution is needed during your learning curve. If you’re at all unsure about a particular
substance, you should familiarize yourself with it or ask an expert before handling it. It’s
better to be safe than sorry.

5) Avoiding Shock

Because you’re often dealing with electrical equipment that you may not be fully
familiar with when starting out, you should be cautious and take preventative steps to
minimize your risk of shock or electrocution. This can be especially problematic whenever
there is a water leak within an HVAC system. As water drips onto the electrical parts, it’s the
perfect recipe for equipment failure and shock. Typically, the best way to stay safe is to turn
off main circuit breakers beforehand. Not only should this eliminate the threat of
electrocution, but it should prevent any expensive equipment from being damaged as well.

11. CONCLUSION

Surely HVAC system has become a necessity for Human, the report elaborates the
usage of water as a coolant for the centralized HVAC system. The design of a centralized
chilled water air-conditioning system for the Corporate Office building done as per the
standards of ASHRAE will be submitted for approval from the sponsored authority. The
project report concludes that;

 The concept of chiller water system is clearly explained with the importance of the
system in HVAC Industry & Application.

 The main motive of design of an HVAC system for the building industry purely
depends on the Human comfort values, should be maintained irrespective of location
of the project.

 The Heat Load Estimated provides the requirement of cooling for the project,
provides a guideline for the Selection of Machines.

 All the Equipment’s are installed as per the manufactures recommendations to

achieve its best efficient performance.

 The final layouts for the piping and equipment are submitted for final approval, for
the site Installation.

Thus the Project Report clearly identifies the requirements of the project and provides an
effective way of Air-Conditioning to achieve Human effort for the occupants. The design and
drawings as approved will be sent to the site installation process. Therefore the project
defines the requirement and process of achieving the Human Comfort and Environment.