Course Outlines

Chapter One: Introduction

 Definition
 Historical background
Chapter Two: Human in HCI
 2.1 Information input/output
 2.2 Human Memory
 2.3 Reasoning, problem solving
 2.4 Emotion
 2.5 Individual difference
 Course Outlines…
Chapter Three: Computer in HCI
 Input and output device
 Virtual reality

 Physical interaction

 Paper

 Memory and Processing

Chapter Four: Interaction

 Introduction
 Models of interaction

 Ergonomics

 Interaction styles
 Course Outlines…

Chapter Five: Interaction Design and HCI in the

Software Process
 Interaction Design
 HCI in the Software Process
 Chapter 1: Introduction to HCI

 What is HCI?
 Historical background
 Who involved in HCI?
 Goals of HCI
 Disasters Caused by Poorly Designed User
Interfaces
 What is HCI?

 Short for human-computer Interaction(HCI).

 Also called
 Man-machine-interaction (MMI)
 Computer-human-interaction (CHI)
 HCI is the study of how people interact with computing
technologies.
 Definition: A discipline concerned with the design,
implementation and evaluation of interactive computing
systems and surrounding phenomena for human use.
 What is HCI?...
 The knowledge gained from this study/discipline is used to
create information systems and work environments
which help
 tomake people more productive and
 more satisfied with their work life.

 HCI involves designing user interfaces which are not

just “easy to use” but
 Which could be used when tired and under pressure without
making mistakes
 that will cope with all manner of user carelessness

 that support the tasks the people actually want to do

 History of HCI
 The need to communicate with each other has started since
people began to walked upon this planet
 Gesture and movement are lowest and most common modes
of communication, which are language independent.
 Written language is the highest mode of communication
 The term human–computer interaction has only been in
widespread use since the early 1980s
 The Second World War initiated studying the interaction
between humans and machines, aimed to produce more
effective weapons systems.
 The advancement of information science and technology
has contributed for the development of HCI
 History of HCI….
 The initial paradigm
 Batch processing

 execution of a series
of programs ("jobs")
on a computer
without manual
intervention

 There was minimal

interaction with the
machine Impersonal computing
 History of HCI….

 Example Paradigm Shifts…

 Time-sharing
single computer
supports multiple
users

Interactive computing
 History of HCI….
 Example Paradigm
Shifts…
@#$% !
 Batch processing
 Timesharing
 Networking
 Many computers
interconnected to
share resources ???
 networked
computing devices
pass data to each
other along network
links Community computing
 History of HCI….

 Example Paradigm
Shifts…
 Batchprocessing
 Timesharing
 Networking
 Graphical displays
 People interact with
computer by visual
content using high-
resolution display
screen (GUI) Direct Manipulation
 History of HCI….

 Example Paradigm
Shifts…
 Batchprocessing
 Timesharing

 Networking

 Graphical displays
 Microprocessor
 computing by small,
powerful machines
which were dedicated
to single users Personal Computing
 History of HCI….

 Example Paradigm Shifts…

 Batch processing  Timesharing 
Networking Graphical display 
Microprocessor
 WWW
 by Tim Berners-Lee in 1989.
 web is built on top of the internet
remote access to data.
Global Information

 History of HCI….

 Example Paradigm Shifts…

 Batch processing  Timesharing 
Networking Graphical display 
Microprocessor WWW
 Ubiquitous Computing
 Computing is made to appear
everywhere and anywhere
 can occur using any device, in any
location, and in any format unlike
desktop computing
 Who involves in HCI?

 HCI is a very multi-disciplinary subject that encompasses

different specialties with different concerns regarding
computer development
Ergonomics
Sociology
Psychology

Anthropology
HCI
Computer science
Linguistics

Philosophy Design
 What fields does HCI cover?...
 Computer science:-is concerned with the application design and
engineering of the human interfaces
 Philosophy:-is concerned with the cognitive processes of humans and the
behavior of users
 Ergonomics:- Study of physical characteristics of machines and
systems, and how these affect user performance
 Sociology and anthropology:- the study of interactions between
technology, work and organization
 Linguistics:- is concerned with the development of human and machine
languages and the relationship between the two.
 Psychology:- scientific study of mind and mental function (learning,
memory, attention, perception, reasoning, conceptual development, and
decision making)
 Why Study HCI?-Goals
 In the past, computers were expensive & used by technical
people only
 Now, computers are cheap and used by non-technical people
(different backgrounds, needs, knowledge, skills)
 Computer and software manufacturers have noticed the importance of
making computers “user-friendly”: easy to use, save people time, etc.
 User friendliness can affect: Effectiveness, Productivity, Morale,
Safety
 A system may be thrown away because of bad user interface.
 people no longer willing to accept products with poor interfaces

 How to achieve “user-friendliness” in computer design?

 Why Study HCI?-Goals/importance

 To improve the interactions between users and

computers
 To make computers more usable and receptive to the
user's needs.
 To develop or improve the safety, utility,
effectiveness, efficiency and usability of
systems/computers.
 To design systems that minimize the barrier between
the human's cognitive model of what they want
 To make the computer to understand user's task
 Importance of HCI…

 User-centered design is getting a crucial role!

 It increase competitiveness via HCI studies (Norman,

1990)
 Usability

 Usability measures how well users can use the system’s

functionality.
 Dimensions of usability
 Learnability: is it easy to learn?
 Efficiency: once learned, is it fast to use?
 Memorability: is it easy to remember what you learned?
 Errors: are errors few and recoverable?
 Satisfaction: is it enjoyable to use?
Disasters Caused by Poorly Designed
User Interfaces
 The Herald of Free Enterprise (Herald=officials ceremonials and make
proclamations)
 What happened? a ferry(ship) between Belgium and England sunk

 Reason: open door-forgot to close the door that allows cars to board the
ferry because it had no any kind of indicator that the door or is open.
 Damage: 193 passengers and crew died, crew=people who work on
and operate a ship, boat
 Air Inter Flight 148
 What happened? crashed while approaching an airport in Strasbourg

 Reason: Display Screen Was Too Small - It was approaching a

mountain and the pilots intended the plane to move toward the airport at
an angle of 3.3 degrees but “-3.3” enterer which is 3,300 feet
 Damage: 82 passengers & 5 crew members died
 Disasters Caused by Poorly Designed
User Interfaces
 Cause greater difficulty doing jobs and
 Lead to make more mistakes.
 Lead to Dissatisfaction, frustration, and increased
stress.
 May chase some people away from a system
permanently
 Users lose time with badly designed products and
services
 Users even give up using bad interface
 Ineffective allocation of resources
HCI-Introduction

End of Chapter one