POLLUTION
1. OZONE LAYER
2. HEAVY METAL CONTAMINATION
3. PESTICIDES RUNOFFS
4. EUTROPICATION
5. OIL SPILL
6. CARBON DIOXIDE EMISSION
7. WATERY QUALITY DEGRADATION
8. RADIOACTIVE POLLUTION
EFFECTS
Ozone layer depletion causes increased UV radiation
levels at the Earth's surface, which is damaging to
human health. Negative effects include increases in
certain types of skin cancers, eye cataracts and
immune deficiency disorders. UV rays also affect
plant growth, reducing agricultural productivity.
Heavy metal toxicity can have several health effects
in the body. Heavy metals can damage and alter the
functioning of organs such as the brain, kidney,
lungs, liver, and blood. Heavy metal toxicity can
either be acute or chronic effects. Also, chronic long-
term exposure of some heavy metals may cause
cancer.
These chemicals can enter and contaminate water
through direct application, runoff, and atmospheric
deposition. They can poison fish and wildlife,
contaminate food sources, and destroy the habitat
that animals use for protective cover.
The main environmental effects of eutrophication
are increase of suspended particles owing to
extensive macro algal blooms, decrease of water
clarity, and increase in the rate of precipitation that
led to the destruction of benthic habitat by shading
of submerged vegetation.
Oil spills may impact the environment in the
following ways: Physical smothering of organisms:
This is caused by oils with a high viscosity, in other
words heavy oils. Smothering will affect an
organism's physical ability to continue critical
functions such as respiration, feeding and
thermoregulation
They cause climate change by trapping heat, and
they also contribute to respiratory disease from
smog and air pollution. Extreme weather, food
supply disruptions, and increased wildfires are other
effects of climate change caused by greenhouse
gases
Rapid changes in water quality can affect receiving
aquatic environments, such as coastal waters,
estuaries, rivers and wetlands. Effects on aquatic
environments include: outbreak or establishment of
invasive aquatic species. smothering of aquatic
plants.
Improper disposal of radioactive waste can severely
 contaminate the soil and result in soil pollution. The
radioactive matter present in this type of waste may
mix with the components of the soil, rendering it
highly toxic and infertile.
9. THERMAL POLLUTION The effects of thermal pollution include decrease the
amount of dissolved oxygen in the water, which
aquatic life requires, damage to larvae and eggs of
fish in rivers, killing off some species of fish and
macro invertebrates that have a limited tolerance
for temperature change, and migration of living
entities form.
10. LEACHATE CONTAMINATON impacts may arise from gas and leachate formation
if not well controlled. These impacts include fires
and explosions, vegetation damage, unpleasant
odors, landfill settlement, groundwater pollution, air
pollution and global warming