Explanatory Notes for VAHO1002102
Explanatory notes for questions 1 to 13:
1. It can be understood from the context that the paragraph is
about a product which evoked mixed feelings from women
belonging to lower economic strata and goes on to tell what
they were basically interested in. The pronoun 'they' in ‘1’
and the opening words - 'on the other hand' and 'on the one
hand' of sentences 4 and 3, respectively, suggest that
statements 1, 3 and 4 cannot open the paragraph.
Statement 2: This is the only sentence that can open the
paragraph.
Statement 4: This statement elaborates on the mixed
feelings mentioned in 2.
Statement 3: This statement, which begins with “on the
other hand” is a logical continuation of 4.
Statement 1: This statement concludes the paragraph
elaborating on what the women were actually
interested in.
Therefore, 2431 is the correct sequence of sentences.
Ans: (2431)
2. Statement 3: This statement, which has a general tone,
begins the paragraph by talking about the
atrocities perpetrated on the people of
a remote village. In Tamil Nadu.
Statement 2: “The all-Dalit village' in this statement refers
to the village mentioned in 3, therefore, this
statement is a logical continuation of 3.
Statement 1: This statement follows 2 by talking about the
consequence of 'the caste related clashes'
– the Dalits losing faith in the district
administration.
Statement 4: ”It”, here, refers to the “writ petition”
mentioned in 1.
Therefore, 3214 is the appropriate sequence.
Ans: (3214)
3. Statement 2: This statement, which states that the
Russians are happier than anyone else
about the prospect of joint missions,
sets the tone of the paragraph.
Statement 1: This statement can follow 2 because the
theme remains ‘Russia’ and the ‘space
programs’.
Statement 4: Also, the idea of the collapse of the Soviet
Union is further explained in 4. Hence, 4
comes after 1.
Statement 3: This statement is a logical continuation of 4 as
“that”, here, refers to the launching of the space
facilities of the erstwhile Soviet Union in
different countries.
The appropriate sequence is 2143. Ans: (2143)
4. Statement 3: This statement, which has a general tone
gives an introduction to what follows in the
subsequent sentences.
Statement 4: This statement follows 3 as the ‘them’, here,
refers to the Britons who are not going out
and spending money.
Statement 2: This statement forms a logical link with 4
because both 4 and 2 deal with the
government’s take on the situation.
Statement 1: This statement concludes the paragraph
reporting the positive effect of the action
taken by the government.
Thus 3421 is the logical sequence. Ans: (3421)
5. Sentence 5: This statement introduces us to the idea of
technological progress and economic
growth.
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Statement 1: This statement follows 5 explaining what
effect improved technological progress had
on the economies.
Statement 2: The negative effect of this growth is given in
statement 2.
Statement 3: This statement presents a contrast to what is
stated earlier by saying that taking care of the
environment with the help of new
technologies would promote growth.
Statement 4: This statement concludes the passage talking
about the emphasis placed on the quality of
life rather than on growth for growth’s sake.
The logical sequence is 51234. Ans: (51234).
6. Statement 2: This statement begins the paragraph stating
that people moved slowly, in a particular
place.
Statement 5: “They”, here, refers to people in 2.
Statement 3: The idea of moving slowly is further explained
in 3.
Statement 1: 1 is a perfect sequel to 3.
Statement 4: This statement, which states that despite the
slow pace of life in Maycomb country, it was
a time of vague optimism, is conclusive in
nature. Ans: (25314)
7. Statement 1: This is the opening statement since it
mentions an event that is discussed in the
other sentences.
Statement 3: This statement follows 1 – ‘it’, here, refers to
the broken arm in 1
Statement 5: This statement explains the effect of the
injury.
Statement 4: This statement further explains the effect of
the injury.
Statement 2: This statement, which states that the injury
was not bothersome as long as he could play
the game, offers an effective conclusion to
the paragraph.
The appropriate sequence is 13542. Ans: (13542)
8. Statement 3: This statement, which introduces
“eco-tourism” – the topic of discussion – is
the opening statement.
Statement 4: The possessive pronoun “its” refers to
“ecotourism” in 3.
Statement 1: This statement follows 4 explaining why its
track record is low.
Statement 5: This statement carries the idea forward and
follows 1.
Statement 2: The demonstrative pronoun 'this' in 2 refers to
the percentage mentioned in 5. Hence 2 is a
continuation of 5.
Therefore, the logical sequence is 34152. Ans: (34152)
9. Statement 3: This statement which speaks of the 'rich
variety of wetland habitats' introduces the
topic.
Statement 2: This statement, which refers to the total area
of wetlands, follows 3.
Statement 1: The words “realising the importance” in 1
continues the idea further.
Statement 5: This statement follows 1 by presenting
a contrast, stating that the survey is not very
comprehensive.
Statement 4: This statement follows 5 explaining why the
survey is not comprehensive.
The appropriate sequence is 32154. Ans: (32154)
VAHO1002102.Exp/1
10. Statement 2: This is the most appropriate opening
statement, since it presents an analysis of
presidential and cabinet systems of
government.
Statement 3: The words ‘To begin with’ suggest that
3 follows 2.
Statement 1: This statement continues the idea further.
Statement 5: ‘Unlike this’ in 5 suggests that 5 follows 1.
Statement 4: This statement is conclusive in tone.
Hence 23154 is the appropriate sequence.
Ans: (23154)
11. One way of explaining a scientific term is to start with the
‘known’ or ‘familiar’ and move on to the’ unknown’ or
‘unfamiliar’ .
Statement 1: This statement begins the paragraph by
introducing cloning as ‘making identical copy,’
a simple concept that the reader may know.
Statement 3: The concept of cloning, mentioned in 1 is
further explained in 3 : ‘Clones are exact
replicas’.
Statement 4: This idea is further explained in 4 - ‘they
represent a population of genetically identical
organism’ – with “they”, here, referring to
“clones” mentioned in 3.
Statement 5: A more unknown area is dealt with in 5 ‘this
term is also applied to a population of
viruses’. ‘This term’ refers to ‘mitosis’ in 4.
Statement 2: This statement ideally concludes the
paragraph stating that the ability to clone
DNA is an important technique in genetic
engineering.
The appropriate sequence is 13452. Ans: (13452)
12. Statement 2: This statement begins the paragraph
mentioning the lessons to be drawn from
Steve Jobs.
Statement 1: This statement adds to what is stated in 2 -
he asked a question expecting a particular
answer.
Statement 3: This statement follows 1 stating the reply.
Statement 5: This statement follows 3 further explaining
the reply.
Statement 4: This statement, which is a concluding
comment from the author: business schools
will be studying the significance of his
accomplishment, is the last statement of the
paragraph.
Hence, the appropriate sequence is 21354.
Ans: (21354)
13. Statement 4: This statement begins the passage as it
talks of a present condition. It states that
man has been ‘mutilated’.
Statement 1: This statement follows 4 explaining how he
was mutilated.
Statement 3: This is continuation of 1.
Statement 5: The past tense ‘believed’ in 1 and ‘was
considered’ in 3 sum up the consequence
mentioned in 5.
Statement 2: We now come back to the present and the
end result is mentioned in 2. Therefore, 2 is
an effective conclusion for the paragraph.
and it is the concluding statement.
So the right order is 41352. Ans: (41352)
Explanatory notes for questions 14 to 18:
14. From the choices either ‘d’ or ‘b’ may follow statement 1. ‘d’
fails to follow 1 logically. Hence choices (A) and (D) can be
ruled out.
Statement b: The words "a late spring night" in statement 1
finds a continuation in ‘b’
Statement a: This statement follows b describing the scene
further.
Statement d: This statement follows ‘a’ carrying the idea
forward.
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Statement c: This statement, which states that people
began to taste petroleum in fish, is a logical
continuation of c and forms an apt precedent
for 6.
Therefore, badc is the logical sequence of statements
between 1 and 6. Choice (C)
15. Statement c: Indeed it is ‘c’ alone that elaborates on the
words 'the watchword in Singapore’ found in
the opening sentence.
Statement a: This statement follows ‘a’ presenting
a contrasting idea which states that students
of the Singapore Indian community are not
able to upgrade themselves and, in fact, there
has been a steady deterioration in the
performance of the students, owing to which
the leaders of the community have decided to
improve the situation.
Statement b: This statement follows ‘a’ explaining the
consequence of the decision – the setting up
of an action committee to go into all the
aspects of the problem.
Statement d: ‘The findings' (of ‘d’) are the result of an
'action committee' referred to in ‘b’. Hence ‘d’
should follow ‘b’.
Hence, cabd is the correct sequence of sentences to be
placed between 1 and 6. Choice (D)
16. As there is no reference to 'most of the mines' of ‘a’ in the
opening sentence, it cannot be the continuation of statement
1.
Statement b: This is the appropriate statement to follow 1
as it focuses on 'mining' as one of the reasons
for the threats to tiger territory( in continuation
to the first sentence).
Statement c: This statement follows b explaining why
'mines' have become a threat.
Statement a: This statement elaborates on what is stated
in c.
Statement d: This statement carries forward the
information given in a, by explaining how the
mines are a source of revenue for the
Rajasthan government.
Hence bcad is the appropriate sequence. Choice (C)
17. Though d and a seem to be the continuation of the opening
sentence at first glance, Choice A can be ruled out.
Statement ‘c’ cannot follow b, neither can it follow d (Choice
C). For, in choice (A), b says that 'a few announcements are
implemented then c which follows b, says that the country
looks forward to the budget speech of the Finance Minister.
It is the minister who has to announce, so minister cannot
follow the announcements. So also in (C), statement d which
speaks of the 'sops for weaker sections', and 'concessions
in income tax' should follow the Finance Minister's speech in
statement c. It is the minister who announces the
concessions or anything.
Statement c: This statement follows 1 as the words,
'Followed by a pre-budget economic survey'
refer to the 'lot of hype presentation' in 1.
Statement a: “It” in a refers to the “economic survey”
referred to in c. Therefore, a is a continuation
of c.
Statement d: This statement follows a by elaborating on the
“development projections” mentioned in a.
Statement b: This statement ideally precedes 6 as 6 refers
to the 'announcements' talked about in
statement b.
Hence, cadb is the correct sequence. Choice (D)
18. ‘b’ cannot follow ‘1' because there is nothing in ‘1’ to connect
with the word. Hence, options A and B can be ruled out.
Statement d: This statement is a continuation of 1 as it is
an elaboration of what is sated in 1.
Statement b: This statement connects with “Then” by
elaborating further.
 Statement a: This statement carries the paragraph forward
by stating a fact.
Statement c: This statement connects with the preceding
statement a with the word “but”.
The appropriate sequence, therefore, is dbac.
Choice (C)
Explanatory Notes for questions 19 to 35:
19. The passage explains how habitat selection among free-
ranging animals has a bearing on population viability and
goes on to state that the correct use of habitats by humans
can have a detrimental effect on wildlife population.
Statement 1: This statement, which explains the various
factors driving the habitat selection strategies
of free-ranging animals, is ideally the opening
statement.
Statement 3: This statement, which elaborates on how
habitat selection strategies influence
individual fitness, is the second statement.
Statement 5: This statement which talks about those
habitats which are important for population
viability, carries forward what is stated in the
previous statements.
Statement 2: This statement concludes the paragraph
explaining how exploitation of animal habitats
by humans can prove to be harmful.
Therefore, statements 1,3,5,2 from a logical sequence and
statement 4 is the odd man out as it can form a part of
another paragraph but it cannot form a part of the given
sequence. Ans: (4)
20. The paragraph talks about the need for international action
to protect the untouched wilderness.
Statement 1: This statement introduces the paragraph
talking about the urgent need to protect the
world’s untouched wilderness, 70% of which
is held by just five countries.
Statement 5: This statement follows 1 by giving further
details about the research and goes on to
state that the researchers have charted a
global map that sets out which countries are
responsible for nature that is devoid of heavy
industrial activity.
Statement 2: “It”, here, refers to the global map mentioned
in 5.
Statement 4: This statement, which talks about the need
for a mandated target for wilderness
conservation, is conclusive in nature.
Hence statements 1, 5, 2, 4 form a sequence.
Statement 3: This statement which talks about a condition,
talks about a different idea, which does not
form a part of the given sequence.
Ans: (3)
21. The passage explains the outcome which was derived from
Indians fighting in World War I.
Statement 4: While all the other statements have cross
references and are inappropriate to begin the
paragraph with, statement 4 kick starts the
discussion by explaining how Indians
responded with enthusiasm to the British
government’s call for military support from
India.
Statement 2: “This”, here, refers to reason why the Indians
responded to the British government’s call
with enthusiasm.
Statement 3: This statement follows 2 stating that even
Mahatma Gandhi and Bal Gangadhar Tilak
were open to Indians enlisting and learning to
defend themselves using arms.
Statement 1: This statement concludes the paragraph
explaining the outcome of Indians fighting in
The World War I.
The appropriate sequence is 4, 2, 3, 1. Statement 5, which
talks about the recognition given to the contribution made by
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Indian soldiers of undivided India in World War I, does not
form a part of the sequence. Ans: (5)
22. The passage sates that although poor sleep is often
considered to be a problem associated with modern
lifestyles, a study conducted on the Hadza people in
northern Tanzania reports that disturbed sleep patterns are
also prevalent among the tribal people.
Statement 2: This statement begins the paragraph stating
that poor sleep is considered to be
a problem of modern lifestyles.
Statement 4: This statement presents a contrast to what is
mentioned in 2, stating that research into the
sleep patterns of modern day hunter
gatherers disproves the belief that this was an
overly romantic view of the past.
Statement 1: This statement substantiates what is stated in
4 by citing the example of the Hadza people.
Statement 5: This statement concludes the paragraph
giving a probable reason for the fitful sleep
patterns of the hunter gatherer tribe.
Therefore, statements 2,4,1,5 form a sequence and
statement 3, which presents a different idea, cannot form a
part of the given sequence. Ans: (3)
23. The paragraph traces the etymology of the word plagiarism
and goes on to explain its various meanings.
Statement 5: This statement, which mentions how the word
“plagiarism” originated, is the opening
statement.
Statement 3: This statement is linked to the first statement
by the root “plagium” and goes on to explain
how the root “plagium” came into existence.
Statement 2: This statement which explains the meaning
acquired by the word in the first century,
comes next in the chronological order.
Statement 4: This statement which states what the word
has come to mean at a later stage, comes last
in the sequence.
Therefore, statements 5,3,2,4 from a logical sequence.
Statement 1, which talks about what it means to be called a
plagiarist, conveys a different idea and is the odd man out.
Ans: (1)
24. The passage traces the origins of the Gypsy community and
goes on to elaborate on the ambivalence of the general
society towards the Gypsies.
Statement 3: This statement begins the paragraph stating
that Europe’s Roma and Gypsy population
can trace their origins to an Indian diaspora in
the tenth century.
Statement 1: This statement follows 3 explaining how the
Gypsies established themselves despite
persecution and goes on to elaborate on the
treatment meted out to them.
Statement 2: “Their treatment” refers to the treatment
meted out to the Gypsies which was
described in 1. Hence, 2 is a continuation of
1.
Statement 4: This statement concludes the paragraph
talking about what society’s ambivalence
towards the Gypsies symbolized.
Hence statements 3,1,2,4 form a coherent paragraph.
Statement 5 which conveys a different idea, is the odd man
out. Ans: (5)
25. The paragraph talks about the importance of an
archaeological site in preserving the history and culture of a
nation, the role of archaeologists in guiding a nation on what
constitutes its history.
Statement 2: This statement sets the tone of the paragraph
stating that the construct around a
civilizational history frequently emerges from
untouched archaeological sites.
Statement 4: The statement follows from what is stated in
2 as it states that as a result of the notion that
a civilizational history emerges from
 untouched archaeological sites,
archaeologists are expected to guide a nation
on what constitutes its archaeological history.
Statement 1: “This ingrained notion” refers to the notion –
that archaeologists are expected to provide
guidance on what constitutes a nation’s
history, memory and culture.
Statement 5: “This view” refers to the “view” discussed in
statement 1. Therefore, this statement
concludes the paragraph stating that the view
is destructive.
Therefore, statements 2,4,1,5 form a coherent paragraph.
Statement 3, which talks about preserving our material
culture and creating secular spaces, conveys a totally
different idea, and is therefore the odd man out. Ans: (3)
26. Statement 4: This statement begins the paragraph by
introducing the topic on which the paragraph
is based – Aditya – 1L the Indian sun
mission due after three years.
Statement 2: This statement follows 4 by stating a
condition that the said mission would be
possible only if the Advisory Committee on
Space Sciences, has its way.
Statement 5: This statement follows 2 by stating that
discussions to this effect are under way.
Statement 1: This statement follows 5 by further describing
Aditya and mentions the brain behind
conceiving and designing it.
Hence statements 42521 form a sequence.
Statement 3: This statement can begin another paragraph
but it does not form a logical sequence with 4251.
Ans: (3)
27. Statement 1: This statement begins the paragraph by
speaking about the avalanche on the
Siachen glacier which buried ten soldiers of
the Indian army.
Statement 3: ‘This was not an isolated incident’, refers to
the incident mentioned in 1. Hence 3 follows
1.
Statement 5: This statement corroborates what is stated
in 3 by citing the instance of another tragic
incident.
Statement 4: This statement sums up what is stated in 1, 3
and 5 by stating that avalanches are equally
dangerous to both Indian and Pakistan
troops.
Hence 1,3,5,4 form a sequence.
Statement 2 which speaks about demilitarizing the glacier,
does not form a part of this sequence and is therefore the
odd man out. Ans: (2)
28. Statement 2: This statement, which begins the paragraph
with what Mahatma Gandhi opined about
the Indian cities, introduces us to main idea
on which the paragraph is based.
Statement 4: This statement follows 2 by describing the
squalid urban landscapes of the 21st century.
Statement 1: The expression “since then’ in 4 refers to the
situation a century ago during the time of
Mahatma Gandhi. Hence 1 is a continuation
of 4.
Statement 3: This statement carries forward what is stated
in 4. Hence 2413 is the logical sequence.
Statement 5: This statement, which brings in another idea
– environmental governance, is the odd one
out. Ans: (5)
29. Statement 5: This statement begins the paragraph stating
the main topic – i.e. the Munich agreement
which is intended to end hostilities in Syria.
Statement 3: This statement follows 5 by pointing to the
indifference which the World displayed, for
many years, to the war situation in Syria.
Statement 1: This statement brings out the gravity of the
situation in Syria.
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Statement 4: This statement carries forward what is stated
in 1.
Hence 5314 is a sequence, Statement 2 could start another
paragraph but does not form a sequence with
5314. Ans: (2)
30. Statement 2: This statement begins the para by stating
how the sky was being observed with optical
telescopes, during the time of Galileo.
Statement 5: This statement follows 2 by mentioning the
different wavelengths of the electromagnetic
spectrum which were a result of the advances
in technology.
Statement 1: This statement carries forward the paragraph
by talking about other advancements which
enabled scientists to gain new insights into
the working of the universe.
Statement 4: This statement concludes by mentioning
about neutrinos which have been discovered
in the last few decades.
Hence 2514 form a paragraph.
Statement 3: This statement, which tells how a mega
gravitational astronomy project in India would
enhance scientific research in India, conveys
a different idea and does not form a part of
this sequence. Ans: (3)
31. Statement 4: This statement brings out the main idea i.e.
the double standards faced by men and
women.
Statement 2: This statement is linked to 4 by the pronoun
“this” where ‘this’ refers to the double
standards mentioned in 4,
Statement 1: This statement follows 4 by explaining how
the double standards show up in language.
Statement 5: This statement is a continuation of 1 as it
carries forward what is stated in 1.
Therefore 4215 form a logically coherent paragraph.
Statement 3: This statement, which brings in another idea,
is the odd man out. Ans: (3)
32. Statement 1: This statement opens the paragraph by
mentioning a well-known fact.
Statement 3: This statement, which states how alcohol
destroys the liver of habitual drinkers, is a
mystery, presents a contrast with what is
stated in 1.
Statement 5: This statement is a continuation of 3.
Statement 2: This statement follows 3 by stating that there
is another cause for liver damage.
Statement 4: This statement which runs contrary to what is
stated in 1352 does not form a part of the
sequence, and is the odd man out.
Ans: (4)
33. Statement 3: This statement begins the paragraph by
giving an introduction to what follows in the
subsequent sentences.
Statement 2: This statement follows 3 by describing the
present situation, stating that now things are
not as bad (as they were in the 1940s) but
Los Angeles is still the worst city in the U.S.
with reference to pollution. Hence 3 and 2
form a pair.
Statement 5: This statement follows 2 by corroborating
what is stated in 2 as it describes the situation
in the southern part of the state.
Statement 1: This statement follows 5 as it is an extension
of what is stated in 1.
Hence statements 3251 form a logical sequence.
Statement 4: This statement, which brings in the idea of
technological innovation, is clearly the odd
man out. Ans: (4)
34. Statement 1: Only statement 1 can begin the paragraph
as each of the other sentences have to be
preceded by another sentence.
 Statement 4: This statement follows 1 by giving the reason
why Sri Lanka seems to be sitting pretty.
Statement 3: This statement carries forward what is stated
in 4.
Statement 5: This statement follows 3 by giving one more
reason why Sri Lanka seems to be sitting
pretty.
Therefore statements 1435 form a paragraph.
Statement 2: This statement, which presents an idea which
totally contradicts what is stated in 1435 is the
odd man out. Ans: (2)
35. Statement 3: This statement talks about the genes, which
most of us have, that make us as hardy as
dandelions.
Statement 1: This statement follows 3 as it carries forward
the same idea by comparing a few people to
orchids.
ADDITIONAL QUESTIONS FOR PRACTICE
Explanatory Notes for questions 1 to 3:
1. The paragraph narrates an incident.
Statement 3: This statement, which begins the narrative, is
ideally the opening statement.
Statement 1: This statement comes next in the sequence
as it carries forward the narrative.
Statement 2: ‘Their suggestions’ in 2 refers to the
suggestions which people made. Hence 2 is
a continuation of 1.
Statement 4: “Them” in 4 refers to the suggestion made by
people.
Statement 5: This statement is a continuation of 4.
Hence 31245 is the logical sequence. Ans: (31245)
2. Statement 2: This statement begins the para by talking
about two reforms.
Statement 4: This statement follows 2 by mentioning one of
the two reforms.
Statement 1: 'This statement follows 4 by mentioning the
other reform.
Statement 5: ‘The practice’ in 5 is the result of ‘a notion’ in
1. Hence 5 follows 1.
Statement 3: “Price-realization by the farmer” is the last
step leading to place 3 as the conclusion.
Hence 24153 is the logical sequence. Ans: (24153)
3. Statement 5: This statement has a general tone and it
begins the paragraph by giving an
introduction to what follows in the
subsequent sentences.
Statement 1: This statement form a mandatory pair with 5,
linked to the word “drunk” in 5 with “sober”.
Statement 4: This statement carries the idea forward
describing the current scenario in Chicago.
Statement 2: This statement is a continuation of 4.
Statement 3: This statement makes a mandatory pair with
2 with discussions of budgets and states with
and without money.
Therefore, the logical sequence is 51423. Ans: (51423)
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Statement 2: ‘So holds a provocative theory of genetics’ in
2, throws light on what has been discussed in
3 and 1.
Statement 5: This statement explains the ‘adaptability and
evolutionary success discussed in 2, by
giving the example of orchid children, who,
with the right environment and good
parenting can become successful and happy
people.
Hence statements 3125 form a logically coherent paragraph.
Statement 4: This statement talks about something which
is entirely different from what is being
discussed in 3125. Therefore 4 is the odd
sentence. Ans: (4)
Explanation for questions 4 and 5:
4. The passage elaborates on the significance of Thanksgiving
day.
Statement 4: This statement which describes what the
Thanksgiving day signifies, is clearly the introductory
statement.
Statement 2: This statement which begins with “it is also” is
a continuation of 4.
Statement 3: This statement continues what is stated in 2
by mentioning a few more virtues.
Statement 5: This statement concludes the paragraph
mentioning what we expect our teens to learn
from Thanksgiving.
Therefore, statements 4,2,3,5 form a sequence. Statement
1, is unrelated to what is spoken about in statements 4, 2, 3,
5, as it conveys a different idea. Ans: (1)
5. Statement 3: This statement, which sets the tone of the
paragraph, is ideally the opening sentence.
Statement 5: This statement, which explains how Africa,
captures the romance of the early days of
flight, is a continuation of 5.
Statement 4: This statement follows 5 by giving an
example of the charming anachronisms
discussed in 5.
Statement 2: This statement is a continuation of what is
stated in 4.
Hence statements 3542 form a logically coherent
paragraph.
Statement 1: This statement, which speaks about airlines
flying new routes, does not form a sequence
with 3542 and is therefore the odd man out.
Ans: (1)