A Report on Raising of Broilers 2012

Introduction
Agriculture accounts for about 38.15%to gross domestic product (MOF, 2002), which
provides employment to more than 81.1% of the economically active population (MoAC, 2001).
The share of livestock to the AGDP is 31% (AROSC and JMA, 1995). According to DoLHS, there is
annual demand, assuming 70% population take meat, is approximately 168,000 ton/year.

Poultry farming have emerged as a major income generating enterprise in agriculture

sector over the last three and a half decades. Today, poultry production has become one of the
most rapidly growing enterprises within the reach of the poor, women, marginal farmers and
entrepreneurs, considering the trends of population growth, urbanization, road access,
transportation linkages, increasing awareness on nutrition and growing demand for consumer
products, increasing international level restaurants, it will be safe to assume that poultry sector
will constantly grow un a foreseeable future. In addition, since poultry farming are within the
reach of all classes of society, including women, marginal farmers and schedule caste and
tribes, it could become one of the government’s strategic activities for poverty reduction and
for reaching the most disadvantaged socio economic groups.

Domestication of poultry is said to be have started in Asia and there is evidence of

domesticated chicks in china that goes back to 3000 B. C. It is believed that today’s breed
originated in India, since the earliest record of poultry dates back to about 3200 B.C. in that
country. Green Armytage (2003) reports, however, that archaeological evidence of chickens in
India dates back only to 2000 B.C. Ketelaars and saxean (1992) indicate that the first
domestication of fowl took place in china and not in south East Asia. Chickens appear in writing
and artwork of ancient Greece. They may have been brought to Greece from Persia, and
Persian soldiers brought them from India (Green Armytage, 2003)

Chickens have been bred in capacity in Egypt since about 1400 B.C. the red jungle
fowl, an Asian breed, is assumed to be the ancestor of our modern poultry breeds (West and
Zhou, 1989). The warm regions of world were the areas from which all modern breeds of
chickens have evolved. Poultry were kept by farmers in china, India and East Asia long before
they were known to Europeans and Americans (Van Wulfeten Palthe, 1992). Poultry as a
business, however, was not known before the twentieth century. It was not until R.T.Maitland
wrote his manual and standards book for the poultry amateur, in which he describes the
husbandry, care and breeding of poultry with a short description of poultry strains present at
the time.

History of poultry production in Nepal is not very old but, in non commercial scale its
history is very old. Population of poultry in 2064/2065 was 2,46,65,820 in Nepal and 28,61,700

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 A Report on Raising of Broilers 2012
in chitwan district. Out of share of poultry of Nepal chitwan contributes 11.6%; share of poultry
population of chitwan is 69.07% of population of central development region (DLS-2008).

Chitwan district has the highest position in poultry production. There are 300
commercial layers firms, 150 commercial broiler firms, egg production 800000/day, meat
production 2 ton/day, 26 hatcheries and 12 feed production firms (DLSO, 2007).

Statement of problems
Broilers production has encountered varieties of problems. The quality aspects of this sector
have great problems. KFC, recently established multinational restaurants, has decided to import
broilers meat from Brazil shows that quality of product of our country is unable to meet the
specified demand of the company. Lack of GAP (Good Agricultural Practices) is the main reason
behind it. Beside this, farmers are facing other problems such as, feeding management, housing
management and marketing management. Poultry feeding management is the most expensive
item in the production of poultry meat and eggs. Feed only accounts for 70-80% cost (Panda
and Mohpatra, 1989; Opera, 1996) of production. Good nutrition allows broiler to fully express
their genetic endowment. Now a days, the great cost of poultry feed has been increasing due to
the price hike in conventional protein reach feed ingredients (Opera 1996). On the other hand,
it is well realized that to obtain maximum profit, the poultry farmer mist use cheap and
nutritive ration as well. However, poultry growers are feeding conventional rations but are
associated with high cost per unit of feed, whereas it has continuously computing in to the
human and animal food as well (Singh M. K> et al, 2007). Attempts have been made to sources
specially to reduce the cost of protein.

Rationale of study
Poultry production and marketing has been the major source of income of most of the
people in Chitwan. They are obtaining their better livelihood from the outcomes. However
there are several problems being encountered during the production process which need to be
identified and solved systematically and scientifically and systematically. The purpose of our
project leads us to acquaint to those problems as we reared broilers from their primary stage to
be commercial stage. The problem of feeding/ nutrition, sanitation, health/ vaccination against
diseases and other production factor were completely studied and analyzed their effects on
commercial productivity.

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Objectives
1. General objective
2. The main objective of this research is to provide knowledge and skill of complete
package of practice for quality production of broiler in Rampur condition.
3. Specific objectives
The following are specific objectives have been fulfilled through this project work
1. To provide knowledge and skill about the conduction of research; classification, and
analysis of the data; report writing and presentation
2. To provide knowledge and skill about care and management of chicks.
3. To optimize growth.

Methods and Procedure:

Getting started: The project work was started from Shrawan 15th, 2068.

Remove all dirt and old litter from the house. Sweep the floor, walls, and ceiling. Wash
the house out thoroughly using a pressure nozzle, a lot of water and “elbow grease.” Repair the
windows, doors, screens and ventilators to prevent drafts and keep out predators. Use a
disinfectant to disinfect the building and all the equipment.
Cover the dry floor with 4 inches of dry litter. Use shavings, sawdust, or other available clean,
dry material as litter. Put a brooder guard around the heat source, feeders, and waterers. Place
the feeders and waterers around the heat source so the heat is in the middle of the circle.
Adjust the temperature to 95 degrees F. about 2 inches above the litter several hours before
the chicks arrive. Fill feeders and waterers at the same time.

Selection of the study area

The research work has been conducted at Livestock farm IAAS, Rampur

Sample size, sampling population, and sampling procedure

1. 204 broilers cob-1oo breed have been reared.

2. There were 7 groups which were formed to rear the broilers.
3. Total number of treatment was 4 with same replication.
4. For data recording average of 10 randomly selected birds were taken as a unit from
each group.

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Materials required:

1. Chicken 204
2. House (10 x 4)x 24 ft2 (expect gallery),
3. Feeder 16and waterier 16
4. Electric bulb of 60watt and holders 08 and electric wire 1 coil, record file and pen.
5. Bucket 2, mug2 and, weighing balances
6. Additives electro care, vimerol, etc. and vaccines.
7. Litter Rice Husk 20 sacks, Lime 20Kg
8. Broiler was taken from the company - WHITE BIRD HATCHERY, Narangarh, chitwan.
9. Feed was taken from the company – NABGANGA FEED SUPPLIERS, Narayangarh,
chitwan.

Research methodology framework

Performance of birds under supplied feed

Cost of production Quality of production

Material and method

Site selection:

Rearing of chicks was done in poultry shade at livestock farm of IAAS, Rampur chitwan. The
house was well ventilated there was facility of storing feed, water, lighting and many other
related facility.

Preparation of brooder and brooding house:

Brooder was cleaned on order to make free from the dust and drooping and to prevent spread
of disease to the chicks. Brooder was cleaned or washed with the help of surf and water mixing
with phenyl. After cleaning the brooder is parts were assembled and heater and lightning was
checked.

Cleaning and disinfection of brooder house:

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The movable equipments such as feeder and waterier were removed from poultry shed for
cleaning and disinfection. Floors, interior walls and roof were scrubbed and precious litter was
disinfected Karsoline @0.3%.

Litter management:Rice husk was used as litter by maintaining 5cm thick on floor. The litter
was stirred twice in a week to prevent watery. Wet litter was removed and dry was replaced.
Before placing the litter in poultry house, dust lime was used as disinfectant.

Brooding and rearing:Chicks should be kept warm and fed on a well balanced diet the care and
management of chicks during early part of life continuous brooding successful brooding results
in production of healthy chicks in terms of quality and quantity.

After receiving of chicks they were put in well heated brooder which has run 24 hr before the
arrival of chicks with proper temperature of 900F -950F with adequate dry litter. The
temperature was maintained as below;

Age Temperature (OF)

1st week 95
nd
2 week 90
rd
3 week 85
th
4 week 80
th
5 week 75
th
6 week 70
Lighting management: Brooder house was provided with 24 hours light throughout the
growing period with one 60 watt bulb for each 200 sq. feet of floor space.
Floor space: Each group has 40 sq. feet floor space for 25 birds. Thus total space for 200 birds
was 320 sq. feet.

Feeding: Broiler was fed with two type of ration i.e. broiler starter (B1) and finisher (B2). The
former ration was fed up to 5 week of age and later till marketing. The starter ration contains
23-24% cp and finisher containing same level of ME i.e. 3200 ME Kcla/kg feed.

Vaccination:

Broiler was vaccinated as follows:

Age days of vaccination

One day marex or F1 vaccine (15th shrawan- Sunday)
6th day Ranikhet vaccine (21 th shrawan – saturday)
14th day IBD Gumbaro)Vaccine (29 th shrawan- Sunday)
21st day IBD Gumbaro Vaccine (7th bhadra- Friday)

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28th day Ranikhet Vaccine (14th bhadra-Saturday)
Vaccination process:
Mareks vaccine was given subcutaneously.
Ranikhet vaccine was given through eye and nostril.
Gumbaro (IBD) vaccine was given through orally.

Result
1. Quality product with average live weight of 2.2 kg to 2.5 kg up to 45 days.
2. Students were able to conduct project independently and acquired knowledge and skill
on care and management of poultry.
3. The mortality rate was found to be:
Mortality rate= (total death/total chicks)*1oo
= (27/204)*100
=13.23%
4. Initial, while transferring into shed from brooder due to mishandling of the chicks, 4
chicks were found dead.
5. Total number of death = 27.
6. Total number of chicken sold= 159, total number of chicken given for experiment to
students = 18.
7. Feed intake rate per bird was found to be:
Feed intake =( total feed consumed/ total no. of chicks reared)
=950/204
=4.65
= 5 kg per chick (approx)

Disease

No any such diseases and parasites were found.

Budget summary

Particulars Quantity Rate Amount Remarks

Disinfectants (korsholine) 160 ml 1 125 125
vile
Litter ( Rice husk ) sacks 20(sacs) 50 1000
Lime (kg) 20 6.25 125
Vaccine(times)
Ranikhet Vaccine 150
Gumbaro Vaccine 250

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Feeds (b1/B2 for 7 weeks ) Kg
B1 400 kg 31.50 12600
B2 550 kg 31 17050
Additives
Vimeral 3 152 456
Electrocare 2 136 272
Furasol 1 150 15o

Chicks 1 day 200 48 9600

Bulbs 60 watt - - -
Bulb holders - - -
Electric wire coil - - -
Bucket - - -
Mug - - -
Total cost 41778
Grand total cost 41778
Income:

Particulars Rate Total live weight (Kg) Total amount (Rs)

Broiler bird live/kg 1200 389.4 46728
Droppings/Litter 5 10 ( sacs) 500
Total income 47228
Profit = 47228 – 41778 = 5450
Note: Cost of bulbs, and bulb holder, electric wire, mug and bucket were not included because
they were present in the farm.

Result for low profit:

 27 chickens were dead due to which cost of around Rs 7128 was not obtained.
 The selling price was low because of direct selling from the farm.

Cause of high mortality:

 At that time the college suffered from the problem of electricity due to which problem
of lighting and temperature occurred.
 The raising is not commercial because it was the project work.
 Handling of broilers was done by many members.

Work schedule

Activities performed:

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 Cleaning the shed
 Disinfection
 Management of chicks (feeding, watering)
 Brooding of chicks
 Vaccination
 Management of shed
 Observation

Management strategy.

 7 groups were formed and assigned for day to day management of broilers.
 Each group contained formed from the division of 46 students.
 Activities like vaccination, initial cleaning of shed were done by all groups in the same
day.
 The group formed are as follows:

Day Group
SUN 1
MON 2
TUE 3
WED 4
THUR 5
FRI 6
SAT 7

Conclusion
The project work was on scientific rearing of poultry was completed successfully. This project
work was found to be beneficial from academic, economical point of view, project was
achieved. Also student became aware about about agriculture practice in poultry farming on
our location.

Many problems were faced during project work like lack f bio-security and problems in
feeding. This made us ware about problem monitoring, rearing of poultry chicks and good
management practices for future or upcoming poultry production program, so that problem
can be solved with maximum profit. This project work helps us to gain technical skill and make
us capable of analyzing the cost and benefit of the boiler rearing and confidence was built upon
me as a students

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References
Bhurtel R, B KP Shah.2000. Poultry Development in Nepal constrains and potentials,
Kathmandu p.20

Dhakal I.p. 2005. Policies and constrains on poultry

DLS. 1991. Feasibility study of poultry development in Nepal. HMG Nepal/DANIDA Kathmandu

DLS. 2008. Pashu pankshi Sambandhi Tathyank. AICC, Nepal.

Ketelaarrs, E.H. and H.C. Saxena. 1992. Management of poultry production in the Tropics.
Benekon, Holland, 11 pp

Lecture Note on pig and poultry by R.A. Shah