Load Flow Example B2

I. Exercise 1 – Create Configurations

1. Use Load Flow Example 1 for all exercises.
2. Create new configurations and study cases
New Configurations
Name Configuration
Normal Open Tie-Breaker CB3 and CB4 and close all other CBs.
Load Shift Close tie- breaker CB3 & CB4 and open both side CBs of T5 and Cable5
T3 Down Based on Normal configuration, close CB3 and open both side CBs of T3.
T4 Down Based on Normal configuration, close CB4 and open both side CBs of T4.
TieCBClosed Both Tie- Breaker CB3 and CB4 are Closed.

New Study Cases

Name Configuration
DesignLoad • Use Design load without diversity factor.
• Use Design for generation category.
• Use default values for Adjustment Page.
• Loading and generator overexcited alert: Critical = 100%, Marginal =
95%.
90%Load • Use global diversity factor to set all load to 90
• Use the default setting for Adjustment.
• All Loading and generator overexcited alert: Critical = 100%, Marginal
= 95%.

II. Exercise 2 – Check System Voltage Condition

1. Check System Voltage Condition
• Run different cases to see if there is voltage problem.
• If there is any problem, fix it.
III. Exercise 3 – Use LF Calculation to Check Equipment Rating
1. Check Cable 2 Rating (Use Revision)
• Run different cases to see if Cable2 is over/under sized.
• Consider different operating conditions.
• Use derated ampacity based on default Tray setup (ICEA P54-440, H=6, W=18, Fill=30%, No
cover, cumulative effect and fire protection).
2. Check Cable 5 & Cable 7 Rating (Use Revision)
• Run different cases to see if Cables 5 & 7 is under over/under sized.
• Consider all possible configurations.
• Use derated ampacity based on default Tray setup (ICEA P54-440, H=6, W=18, Fill=30%, No
cover, cumulative effect and fire protection).
3. Check XFMR T4 and T5 Rating
• For all cases under consideration, are T4 and T5 under/over sized.
• What size would be more adequate?
• Check system voltage condition again.

ETAP Workshop Notes ©1996-2010 Operation Technology, Inc. Page 1 of 2

 Load Flow Example B2

4. Determine Rating For Bus8, Bus12, CB8 and CB9

• Operating conditions to be considered: configuration, loading, compatibility with upper stream
elements.
• Consider the condition when one transformer (T4 or T5) is down.

III. Exercise 4 – Maximize Generator Output

1. Fully utilize co-gen capability
• Let generator output 10 MW.
• Check if there is any problem with system voltage, utility operating PF, etc.

III. Exercise 5 – Voltage Regulation

1. Operating without co-gen
• See if high voltage buses can maintain V >= 98%.
• Use transformer tap to correct voltage problem. Does it cause over voltage condition when
generator is in?
• Try LTC or use LTC tool to determine tap position.

IV. Exercise 6 – Element Sizing

1. Size Cable 2 (Use Revision)
• 2 by 2 conduit
• Ta=25, Tc=90, Rho = 95
2. Size Cable 5 & 7 (Use Revision)
• A/G Tray with Height = 6, Width = 20, Fill = 25%
• Tray Ta = 30, Tc=90
• Use ICEA method.
3. Size equipment cable for Mtr4
• Set up Ampacity page data: Ta=35, Tc=90, NEC, A/G Tray with top cover.
• Size requirements: Vd (2%), Vst(80%), Ampacity (Mtr4 with MF), and SC (26kA, 0.06 second).
• Use library: ICEA, Rubber, Magnetic installation, 100% insulation level, 0.6kV, 3/C, CU
conductor, 200ft.

ETAP Workshop Notes ©1996-2010 Operation Technology, Inc. Page 2 of 2