MECH4914

Design Project B
Module 3: week 9

Lecturer Name: Dr. Omar Suliman Zaroog

Academic Year: 2020-2021
Course Coordinator Name: Dr. Omar Suliman Zaroog
 Project schedule and work plan

Course Learning Outcomes

1. Assemble the design of individual components to form a
detailed design of a Mechanical or Mechatronic system

Lecturer Name: Dr. Omar Suliman Zaroog

Academic Year: 2020-2021
Course Coordinator Name: Dr. Omar Suliman Zaroog
 Head Type of Bolts
 Hexagon head bolt
◦ Usually uses nut
◦ Heavy duty
 Hexagon head cap screw
◦ Thinner head
◦ Often used as screw (in threaded
hole, without nut)
 Socket head cap screw
◦ Usually more precision
applications
◦ Access from the top
 Machine screws
◦ Usually smaller sizes
◦ Slot or philips head common
◦ Threaded all the way
 Hexagon-Head Bolt

 Hexagon-head bolts are one of the most common for engineering

applications
 Standard dimensions are included in Table in next slide
 Bolt length L is measured from below the head
 Threaded Lengths

Metric
Nuts
 Tension Loaded Bolted Joint

 Grip length l includes everything being compressed by bolt preload,

including washers
 Bolted Joint Stiffness

 During bolt preload

◦ bolt is stretched
◦ members in grip are
compressed
 When external load P is applied
◦ Bolt stretches further
◦ Members in grip compress
some
 Joint can be modeled as a soft
bolt spring in parallel with a
stiff member spring
 Bolt Stiffness

 Axially loaded rod, partly

threaded and partly unthreaded
 Consider each portion as a
spring
 Combine as two springs in
series
Diameters and Areas for Metric Threads
Procedure to Find Bolt Stiffness
 Procedure to Find Bolt Stiffness
Fastener length L (should be rounded to nearest 5 mm)
Procedure to Find Bolt Stiffness
 Example

 Steel bolt M14x2 hex-head bolt with a nut is

used to clamp together two 15 mm steel plates,
determine:(E for steel =207)
◦ (a) a suitable length for the bolt, rounded up to the
nearest 5 mm
◦ (b) the bolt stiffness
 Example

 A 30 mm thick AISI 1020 steel plate is sandwiched

between two 10 mm thick 2024-T3 aluminum plates
and compressed with a bolt and nut with no washers.
The steel bolt is M10x1.5 determine:(E for steel =207)

◦ (a) a suitable length for the bolt, rounded to the

nearest 5 mm
◦ (b) the bolt stiffness
 Member Stiffness

 Stress distribution spreads from face of

bolt head and nut
 Model as a cone with top cut off
 Called a frustum
 Member Stiffness
 Model compressed members as if they are frusta spreading
from the bolt head and nut to the midpoint of the grip
 Each frustum has a half-apex angle of a
 Find stiffness for frustum in compression
 Member Stiffness

Where p is force
For this course use angle of 30
d is bolt diameter
D is the width at the top of the member for the top half
t is the thickness of the member on the top or bottom half
 Member Stiffness
 With typical value of a = 30º,

 Use the equation to find stiffness for each frustum

 Combine all frusta as springs in series
References

1. Richard Budynas, Keith Nisbett, (2011). Shigley's Mechanical

Engineering Design. 10th Edition, McGraw-Hill

2. Mahmoud M. Farag, (2013). Materials and Process Selection for

Engineering Design, third edition, CRC Press

3. Class notes and published papers