Fajardo, Jhon Kelvin N.
nakabase nalang sa kung anong elemt yung
BS Geology
GEOCHEMISTRY
COMPILATION OF RAW DRAFT DISCUSSION
NOTES
eFajardo, Jhon Kelvin
BS Geology (Pero marine biologist at heart hihe)
PHASE EQUILIBRIA and MAGMATIC SYSTEM
Phase: a homogeneous, physically distinct
portion of matter
Phase Rule- states that for any system in
equilibrium, the number of degrees of freedom
is two greater than the difference between the
number of components and the number of
phases
F= (C-P)+2
Melt- only the liquid part of the magma
Magma- encompass the whole both solid and
liquid portions
Island arc only form on subduction zone
There is a time that olivine forms
silmutaneously form with pyroxene
Solid soolutiion- about 2 minerals with
contrasting components
____-
As you form minerals, some compositions are
depleted, kung baga kapag naform mo isang
minerals yung elemtn composition nun wala na
sa melt so yung susunod na mabububo is
natititra
Minerals form ON WHAAT ELEMENTS ARE
AVAILABLE
SOO MEANING YUUUNG BOWEN IMPORTANTE
SOBRA SAGAD MYGHAD *dramatic gasp*
Some minerals don’t want to form when
theres too much volativles (edi don’t!)
Plag cant form when magaam is too saturaterd
with water there is polymerization kase
It rather pomote hydrous minerals like mica
Paging magma mo nag form in ghydrous envi
pyroxene muna nauuna bago l=plagioclase
X- eto raw yung composition
Phase in magmatic system – phase may refer to
different minerals like plagg with diff structure
ibgi sabihin iba ohase nila
Component is something about he chemistry.
We need to know how many aere present in the
system
Solution – gen chem definition
Extensive – gaano ba kalaki yung system? Like
yung moles ganorn HAHAHA
Internsive—pressure and temp are same and
are not affected by how much material is in the
sste
Important parts
Stability field: were refereeing for an area with
the word “field”
Equilibrium lines meaning merong two phases
that are existing in harmony with each other
Triple points – equilibrium lines meet here.. you
have solid liquid and vapos altogether
Critical points hindi na sila in equilibrium doon sa variable, ite either maawawaln ka ng isa
phase or mawawalaan ka dalawa phase
Nagmmove ba triple point? Meh nakadepend
raw sa material

Yung type ng diagram nakadepend sa number 3-minute break, umihi kana bess
ng constituent aaaaaaahhhkkkk

Degrees of freedom: How change certain Resumee naaaa

parameter without changing system (lol tama
ba???)

Number 2 is specifiece is bece assume p and t is Critical point- marks the area wheein it
assumed to vary approach superctirical fluid state nawawal yung
equilibru lines tas nagcshshare ng characteristic
Kapag isobaric anff nkalagay lang sa formula si liquid and gas naggiging homogenus mixture
plus 1 sila kapag supercritical fluid so dahil raw yun sa
Kapag hindiconstant p aanf t then plus 2 anf super high temp and pressure. Hindi limited sa
gagamitin sa formula liquid and gas pwede rin liquid liuig basta yon
hind inga constrained as liquid and gas.
_________________-
Sa critical point yung liquid nagiging
[ short pause ] compressibe na
Nakaaaaawwww etoo nanamannnnn (dreaded
Dun sa example:
recit)
They are all solid
Kapag equilibrium boundary line lang meaning 2
phases lang under nun Iba lang yung mineral structures so iba sila ng
phases ganern
1 component lang na sa system tas ibat ibang
phase nandun

Degrees of freedom = 2 Variants mo 2 ibig

sabihin powede mo bagun temp saka peessure
solid ice pa rin yun Polymorphs--Chemically identical but varies in
structure
Kapag 1 lang meaning isang varbeibale lang
pwede mo baguhin mo independently Ex: Calcite and aragonite

Kunwari tumaas pressure, yung temp mo Ex diamond and graphite

maaapektuha para mamaintain mo yung system Isomorphs – same structure but diff chem
mo. Kapag naman temp mo binago kailangan
magcompensate ng pressure.
Assignment due frieda Handwritten dun sa
email uli
Kapag zero meaning hindi mo mababago ugn
temp and preesure. So kapag may binago ka isa 10 polymorph
10 isomorph
Si liquidus saka solidus hindi nagghhihiywalay
ng phase yung mixture ata iba
Hindi separate phase si solid saka si liquid
Next meeting may short quiz sooo
magmagenesis saka eto ang coverage
Univariant yung lines tinutukoyy – kyanite-sili
Sili-anda
Kyana-andalu
Degrees of freedon=1 isang variable ;lang
pwede mo baguhin
INVARIANT --- no variants at all its only onne
point. Yun yung triple point.
You should be certain about number of phases
and components
Olivine and quartz will form together under
condisionrt where theres an inclusion of foreign
material
Something w/ very high iron olivine with quartz
veery high temp
Pagbilang dun sa complicated.
Continuation of discussion:
(RAW DRAFT)
The lens shape field is the area where plag and
melt coexist together in equilibrium – it is also
an isobaric phase diagram so you must employ
the isobaric phase rule
Compositioin – temperature diagram
You must travel along the line.
If a point reaches rhe liquidus, you can
construct a tie line that connects to the soliduss
to know the composition of the early forming
crystal
What will happen with compo of melt if you
precipi plag many many,, in general what will
happen is it is will conusem the anorthite,m the
melt left will shift its component to albitic bale
nagiging albite yung mgha anorthite mo
Relative amount you cant say how many crytals
Rather how many fcrytal per how many melt is
present.
Starting composition corresponds also to the
bulk composition
Lever principle
e- starting composition slash bulk composition
F – tie line to solidus
D point on the liquidus
bale
D-e- amount of solid
f-e – amount if liquid
22 + 12 = 34 (lol ano ‘to, kelvs? HAHAHA)
Left of bulk – how much crytal you’ve
crystallizesd
If ef intersect with bulk meaning ubos na melt
Kapag ba binary matic isobaric? ---- most pero
not all, IT MUST BE STATED.
We use compo below because it represents the
graphical units soooo kapag graphic paper
gamit mo pwede ka nalang mag sukat kung
ayaw mo mag compute.
Yung system na ating tinitinging is a typical
cooling system.
Heating --- starting --- below the solidus try mo
mag research about this one beh
We will need to plot the proble, manually.
BINARY EUTECTIC-PERITECTIC
DISCUSSION NOTES
RAW DRAFT
What we have discussed so far is only for
cooling, and so now we will be dealing with
“melting”.
All of the principles will remain the same, but
we will be doing things in a reverse manner. The
starting point would most likely be below the
solidus
What is the composition of the melt that will fist
form in the instance that you melt the rock?
Simply create a tie line and you’ll see the
composition of the melt.
Relevance to natural system:
Continuous series:you need your existing crystal
to react with the melt to form second
composition of the liquid 2 and plag 2. Their
composition combined together should be the
same.
U need existing melt to react with the melt
continuously
Take note: this is for a very ideal system –
equilibrium = constrained lahat walang
bnababwas or dagdag na material also cloased
system. This is also known as equilibrium
crystallizing system.
Kasi in real world.
- Magma mixing
- Assimilation of host rocks
- Fractional crystallization
o You are taking out the
crystallized substance out of the
eq kasi it either sinks or floast
so hindi isya makakreact with
liquid so yun prob mo ang
mangyayari sip lag 1
matatanggal so hindi ka makak
form ng plag 2 sooo magbabago
yung expected composition ng
melt and plag anff it will shift
instead into a more albitic
composition than expected.
- When were talk about plag the sys is cont. u
need cryat;la to react fully eith the melt to
produce another type pf plag and metl
compo.
- Final product should have an equal
composition with the starting melt. Sooo
kung nag simula ka sa 64 percent anorthite
then your final crystal should also contain
64 percent anorthite.
In some cases, yung rim lang ng plag yung
nagrereact sa melt so yung core mo is calcic and
as u go out, nagigign sodic so this is called
ZONATION nabubuo yung mga zoned plag.
Can also form by fractional crystallization.
Zoned plag sometimes connots:
- Open system
- System is saturated with water.
Meron ibat obang type ng zonation patterns.
 Equilibirumm crystallization
 - u change it wholly.
Normal zoning
- Nagiging sodic or albitic outward. Sooo
- Have low temp compo in the outer portion
of the crystal
Reverse zoning
- Outer portions of the cryatal have high
temp composition that means a more calcic
rim
- Reflects mixing host magma and a more
primitive magma = magma mixing
- Means yorur evolving magma came into
contact with a more primitive magma or
basaltic sooo it reverses the zonatioin of the
plagioclase
Oscillatory zoning
- This iss very common
- This is a cyclic interchange
- Nagkakaron ka ng pattern na
interchangeable
- Nagbabagobago isya
- Meaning neto ay meron kang REPEATED na
processes
- Either repreted REPLENISHMENT or
episodic replenishment fromm time to time
meron kang influc ng more basic na magma
- U can check compo ng plag through
petrography specidically using the michelle
levy method.
- Mas madali is yung tingnan mo sa electron
microscope.
Fractional crystallization
- Either by sinking or floatation of the crystal.
- When u start removing more calci material
by fractional crys mas mabilis mageevolve
yung magma mo aka kapag open system
Equilibrium melting
- Reverse ko lang yung process na ginaagawa
natin
Ibang factors kapag frationall melting aka partial
melting
- Low tem component kapag aagd mong
hiniwalay yung partial melt na nakuha mosa
aysstem
Discontinuous series/reaction:
U need to form a certain mineral first. For ex u
need to ecxhauts melt of all px component
before u make amphi.
Take note:
_ sooo nagigin diopside composition ni liquid kasi
Binary eutectic system
Computations niya mas madlai
- Olivine has 2 types the iron rich and the
magnesium rich. Fayalite is the iron rich
type of olivine while forsterite is the
magnesium rich type of olivine.
Binary eutectic system
Why is this important
- If ur familiar ith the composition,, si
diopside ay type ng px while anorthite is
plag if u have them both it is basaltic or
gabbroic rock – kaya siya important (???)
- Ang iisipin mo ay para siyang pinagdikit na
binary 2 component
- Eutectic point – low point on your liquidi=us
line
Note
At the bottom, all are solid –dioopside plus
anoteht field.. pinag kaiba hindi same yung
mineral sa baba bale dalawa sila unlike sa isa ay
isa lanfg.
Max phases are in equilibrium –diop plus
anothrt plus liquid bale point of invariance so
magsstay siya diyan until may mawal sa phase
mo.
Ccompute na natin yung composition nung
mafform
Dahil wala ka solidus cconnect mo sa ecctreme
part yung na sad ulo na nasa 1-00 pecent
anorthte and that will always be the camse so
lagi an 100 mafform no as u cool
Ang nagbabaho lang ng composition ay si liquid
naddplete n ani anorthte
Masusunod pa rin yung lever rulee tandan mo
-ok dun na tayo sa eutectic point
Zero naf degree of freedom diyan ha
The thing here is ang mangyari lang is mafor
lahat ng anorthite first, and yung matitirang
liquid will form diopside,--- and dinedescribed
mo dito na reaction ay yung discontinuous
reaction
As u go down Nawala yng liquid kaso yung
natira mon a liquid kanina ay nagin diopside naa
soo sad ulo fiba solid nalang anorthite saka
diopside un
Note
- Ratio of diop vs anorthite relative
percentage will always be 58 to 42
- It is diff sa liquid plus cruytal
- Yung same na ration i=ay para lanf kapag oxygen hindi nagfoforrm so hindi magkakaron
nag cocoexist na yung diopside saka ng ophitic teccture
anoethite.

Alkali feldspar phase diagram

Pano naman kung na sa left side na tayo ng
Alakali felds and plaf feldspar
eutectic point?
Need dito yung dalawa so bale para ka nagsama
The left side of the eutectic point gets the same
ng 2 binary components sooo may solidus ka na
treatment, it will follow the liqwuidus until it
rito
reaches the eutectic point
Meron rin siya na eutectic point
Implications in terms of petrology
Ion the calculation parehas lang rinn
Pag compo ng melt ay more on anorthte
Siya just recall na
U will crytllize anort first before dippside
- Composition make a tie line with thee solid
Pero kung compo niya dip edi crytal mo diop rin
for the solid compo
muna bago anorthite
- Perentage apply lang uung lever principle
Constant ang eutectic mpoint mo palagu 1274
Pero dito ano naman ang relevance in terms of
palagi yung temp ng wutectic point mo
petrology

May 2 ka na end dito this is for albite and

Nowww orthiloclase

Implication sa [petrology They m=both coexist in a more low temp envi

When the melt is on yhe right side (anorthite)
nabubupo yung ophitic tecture – euhedral to
subhedra plg crystal surrounded by inter
granular px forming I the interstices ng plag so
meaning naform mua yung plag mob ago yung
idopside
So ang paguusapan natin dito ,, ano naman
yung single felds saka ano yung double felds
Ganito yan
Yung lens, ttreat siya as same with plag
system,,soo anything below the sl=olidus isan
typoe ng feld lanf mabubuo

Pero in terms of compo, it will tell u what type

When u astart at let side
of plag yung magigin felds mo
Mabubuo yung augite forms and plag forms at
Solid yung green field
the interstices

Solvuss naman
Againnn these are for ideal systems
From single felds magiging two felds ka soo
Kapag mataas yung water it inhibits the early
anong process to = EXSOLUSION
formation of plag nagkakaron depolymerization
inhibits the formation of plagi kasi yunf silicon
Sooo u start exsolving another mineral from
another minral
So once u reach solvvus curve exsolusion na yon
Sa exsolution kahit 2 minerals meron host
mineral saka exsolve mineral so kung na sa left
side ka host mo is yung orthoclase (potatssium)
pero take note merong diff sa size ng ionic
radius ng potassium and sodium so kung meron
ka soidc sa loob ng cryatall lattice ng potassium
felds, l=niluluwa niya yon kasi hindi niya
maaccomodate nang maayos so kung na sa left
side ka means meron ka potassion felds host
and will have exsolusion lamellae of albite or
sodic felds.
Butt if ur at the right side, ull have sodic host
and an exosulasion lamella of potassium felds.
Mga texture na mabubuo
- Perthite
Eto kapa nas aleft side ng eutectic point
- Anti-perthite
Kapga naman nsa right ka ng ei=utectic point
Meorng other factor that change the state of
diagram
So nagbabago yung phase diagram mas
dumidikit sa solvus kapag tumataas yung water
pressure.
-----------------
Binaraay peritectic system
Forsterite-silica system
Ano ba yung compo na naexcaaounter mon a
Yung straight lines here – para sila yung bottom
ng binary eutectic system sooo at lower temp
meaning yung cristobalite mo mag mmorph into
tridymite skasi sila yung silca polyorhp so
nagchchange yung structure ng sio2
Peritectic point
In order for u to preceed s=diyan u need to calc
for eaution para malaman kung sa right side ba
siya or left side ng peritectic point mappunta.
Tanong (off topic to): si quartz bad aw at olivine
could coexist together --- pag adw highliy iron
rich yung system,, quartz can coexist with
fayalite LANG HINDI KAY FORSTERITE.
Cristobalite mafform tas 100 perfcent SIO2
Once u reach the eutectic point mangyaayri
ngayon ay magkakaron ka point of invariance so
nacomnsume mmo na lahat ng cristobalite mo,,,
mafform mon a yung enstatite and ubos na
liquid moo neto
Peritectic point in the graph makikita mon a yug
liquidus ni forsterite at enstatite ay nag join sa
liquidus ni enstatite at cristobalite.
In further cooling – forsterite increasing and
liquid decreasing at 1557 degreee enstatitde
now joins forsterite ad liquid I sooo point of
invariante anddd u need to lose a state in order
to move in with ur cooling system. Isobari to.
Soo I is the pertectic point where reaction takes
place with prev preci state with liquid to form
new solid
So in this case fors plus liquid to form entatitcte
temo must remain xonstant until reaction is
complete based sa starting compo malalaman
mo kung saang side nf periteddctic point mag
pproceed.
Geometry indicate a raeaction where fors plus
liq eq ens
At all cost we know hindi ka mag ccoexist ng
forst and something na sio2 na compo kasi pag
nagsamasama, it will consume olivine to fomr
ensteatire

At 1800 forst crys to constin to grow

Angg kailangan lang is for the liquid to consume

forsterirte to form enstatite and pag naorm
mmo na si enstattire. Proceed ka na sa right side
ng peritectic point.