1.

Translation is an " act of communication across the cultural barriers "

Communication is not only through language it also by literature. Not every literature can be
understood by everyone. In communication culture and language are great barriers. Here the
translation becomes fortune for breaking the language barriers as well as cultural barriers.
Translating a material from one language other, the new getters get a new idea or a great
advice from great man. The culture of African Americans are communicated all over world
through the translation of their literature. The culture of malayali people communicate to Telugu
people through the translation of their literature or any cultural idea based material.
Translating a material not by only the literature but also the judgement, law,and many other
articles which teach the people the good qualities of life and achieve the future. Translation
make greatness of some articles to the lime light and make the whole world into lighting path.
For example Thirikural had translated into many languages so the worth of words of
Thiruvalluvar reach to all over the world and shows how power and valuable is Tamil language.
At the same time the world people knows the good qualitative book for their betterment of life.
Translations are the better way to rewrite the article into new one by the rewriting process,
the value of contend is lost. For example the rewritten of Ramayana by Kambar changed the
idea that Ravana captured Sita not by touching her because the touching other man's wife is not
allowed in Tamil literature. So the idea of Valmiki is changed by kambar. So translation is the
best way to communicate from one culture to another. Translations also break the culture
barriers. Translations present the way of culture that the people followed were it is translated
from. Translations is the act of communication across the culture barriers.
4. Is translation a creative activity or an linguistic imitation?
Translation is the linguistic imitation but the translation needs the some creativity. If a
translation is only the linguistic activity, it does not convey any valuable thought to the people. It
need some creativity to fulfill the writers destination of reaching his ideas to audience. There is
no equivalent word for ever language. For example "sutta manpandam" is found in "Keezhadi" if
the article written by the archeological department in Tamil it cannot be translated into any
language so some creative writer have to do some creativity to convey and explain the "sutta
manpandam". So the translation is basically linguistic imitation but it needs some creative
activity to reach the destination of writer. This creative activity also played a vital role in socio
cultural influence. The culture of a certain language is different from the culture of others. Some
cultural ideas typically differ from other cultures. The idea of a son marrying the mother in
Oedipus rex, is totally not accepted by the Indian culture. Within the same country the culture
differs from one language to another. For instance the idea of Ravana capturing Sita by
touching her is the idea of Valmiki's Ramayana. But in Tamil culture the action touching another
man's wife is illegal so Kambar creatively turned into the same idea as Ravanan captured Sita
as wholly he transferred her cottage to his place Asoga vanam. The idea of capturing Sita is not
changing but the destruction of Tamil culture is saved by Kambar's creative thinking. So
translation is not only the linguistic imitation; it must need creative activity to save the culture
and also to teach the good qualities to the readers as well as the audience.
5.Importance of equivalence in translation:
Equivalence is important to understand the meaning because it is the main principle of
Western theory of Translation. The word equivalence is used as a technical word to show
scientific notions in English. It is used in mathematics and also used as equality in common
language. But in theory of translation it is used in general meaning because the meaning is hard
to find the absolute identical word and notions in different languages. Different languages have
their own different phonetics, grammar, syntax and vocabulary structure. This is the important
reason for talking about only a certain degree of equivalence in translation. In English language
equivalence is used as the similarity or approximation and it shows the level of likeness
between the source and the target texts. This may be achieved by different levels. Here the
translation is the important form of communication so it is important to provide the equivalence
between the source and the target texts. Nida states that the translation is the reproducing the
text which might be very to the receptor language from the source of the languages, first by the
meaning and secondly by the style. The best evidence for the equivalence is one of the basic
concepts in translation theory is Nida, 1982 p. 12.