China Gezhouba Group Explosive Co .

, Ltd
Guidebook for Blasters
BY: Engr.Abdullah

Engineering Business Department

Technical Department
June,2016
CONTENTS

Safety rules of surface blasting operations

Safety rules of underground blasting

operations

Safety rules of pre-splitting blasting

and smooth blasting operations

Safe distance permitted in blasting

Environment control of blasting

Safety rules of surface blasting operations

• Shield should be set up during surface blasting operations.

• No obstacle is allowed on the way directing the blasting shield.
• Initiation site should be located in the blasting shield or at safe place
outside the alert area.
• While operating surface blasting , mechanical equipments should be
removed to safety site or take situ protection measures before initiation.
• Never initiate with electric detonators during thunder day or when radio
sources presents.
• Set distinct sign after mellow rock or placer blasting work and never permit
operation until safety check in case of cavity and pit found.

• For the sake of misfire, distinct sign shall be placed and the total excavation work
shall be supervised with guidance in preventing accident by blind operation of
excavator.

• Never charge with adobe cartridge in surface blasting.

 Safety rules of surface blasting operations

bench blasting
is a blasting method that the work face is proceeded by bench.
Blasting operation is called long-hole type blasting when blast hole
diameter is over 50mm and charging depth is above 5m

Wd—toe burden
L— drilling depth
lc — charging length
ld —stemming length
h — sub drilling
a — spacing
B —hole to crest
Safety rules of surface blasting operations

Long-hole type blasting

• Remove of gravels and sundries within 0.5m of the collar and ensure the
stability of its inwall during hole checking.
• Never violate the operation rules by personally increasing the charging weight
or changing the stemming length.
• Report immediately as soon as the practical charge weight differs form the
designed charging weight.
• Stop charging the hole in case of blocking and dredging in time, dredging is
prohibitted if the detonators or primers has already put into blasthole.
• Never tamp and connect wire until examination after charging is approved.
• Combine high bench cast blasting with pre-splitting blasting.
 Safety rules of surface blasting operation
Long hole type blasting in complicated environment
• Set up directing site for total arrangements in operations.
• Examine the environment before designing blasting and ensure the hole
depth not more than 20m and the drilling error under strict control.
• Avoid potential overlapping square in millisecond delay blasting.
• Restrict maximum charging weight in one delay time for the requirement of
environment and take necessary measure in vibration control.
• The stemming length shall no less than 1.2 average of toe burden and
bench peak burden
• Initiation network shall be connected by experienced blasters and examined
and approved by blasting engineering technicians.
Safety rules of surface blasting operation

Surface shallow hole blasting

• Increase stemming length and broaden alert space before the
bench coming into being.
• The charging hole number is subject to one time blasting hole.
• During shallow hole blasting, avoid blasting directing buildings
but one face.
• In blasting boulder, keep the powder factor less than 150g/m3
and apply instaneous blasting or short milli second delay
blasting method.
 Safety rules of underground blasting

Underground blasting
• Set alert with alarming signs in forbidding outcomers.
• Stop operating once the empty top distance of work face exceeds the
regulation.
• Never operate blasting within 30m of magazine under pit.
• Never stay in the magazine when blasting is operated over 30m to 100m of
the magazine.
• Store the explosive and detonators separately and safely at work face in pit.
• Take support and waterproof measure in case of unfavorable geology or
water penetration.
• After completing of blasting, make sure of sufficient ventilation,
check and clean the slope and make good condition of the roof
and support
• Lighting voltage should no more than 36v within 100m of
blasting face.
 Safety rules of operation for pre-splitting blasting and smooth blasting

Pre-splitting blasting
One kind of blasting operations by drilling intensive holes along the edge of
excavation and initiating before the primary blasting with decoupling charge or
charging low energy explosive, making the formation of a pre-splitting crack in
the rocks between the blasted area and the remaining, for the formation of a flat
and stable surface.

In pre-splitting blasting and smooth blasting, All operations such as examination of hole and
charging should be conducted by experienced blasters under the guidance of on-site directors
according to blasting design.
Smooth blasting
One kind of blasting operation aiming at smooth face of bench by drilling
intensive holes through excavation edge and blasting after primary explosion
with decoupling charge or low energy explosive.
Safe distance in blasting

（1） vibration intensity calculation


Q 3 1

Sa Rodolfo J Ki formula：  K 
 R 
 
（2） safe distance for vibration calculation
K
common furmula： R( )1/  Q1/ 3

In the formula, R is the safe distance for vibration, Q is the
maximum charge weight in one delay time, v is vibration
velocity of the particle in safe distance, K, α are constant.
Environment control in blasting

Dust prevention and noise control in

Harmful gas
protection of dust demolishing and
explosion geotechnical
The density of CO and
blasting
CO2 is not permitting Shaft blasting with
Operate fixed place
exceeding the dusts of coal, sulphur
and time blasting
standards of safety and sulfide material
when existing schools,
rules of blasting shall follow the
hospital and housings
operation related rules.
near after negotiation.

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Thank you！