ENGINEERING DYNAMICS

Chapter- ; Kinetics
Particles

Dr. THABIT SALIM NASSOR

 Kinetics of Particles
´ Contents
ü Special Applications
´ Introduction ü Introduction
´ Mass, force and acceleration ü Impact
ü Central-Force Motion
´Equation of Motion ü Relative Motion
´Rectilinear Motion
´Curvilinear Motion
´ Work and Energy
´Work and Kinetic Energy
´Potential Energy
´ Impulse and Momentum
´Introduction
´Linear Impulse and Linear Momentum
´Angular Impulse and Angular Momentum
Potential Energy:
´ Conservative Forces and Potential Energy:
Potential Energy:
´ Gravitational Potential Energy
´ The gravitational potential energy Vg of the particle is the work mgh
done against the gravitational field to elevate the particle a distance
h above some arbitrary reference plane (called a datum), where Vg is
taken to be zero.

´ Mathematically;

´ It is called potential energy because it may be converted into energy

if the particle is allowed to do work on a supporting body while it
returns to its lower original datum plane
Potential Energy:
´ Gravitational Potential Energy
´ The change in potential energy from one level at h=h1 to a higher
level at h=h2;

´ Note; The corresponding work done by the gravitational force on

the particle is -mg∆h.
´ Thus, the work done by the gravitational force is the negative of
the change in potential energy.
´ With large changes in altitude in the field of the earth are
encountered, the gravitational force Gmme/r2 = mgR2/r2 is no
longer constant
Potential Energy:
´ Gravitational Potential Energy
´ The work done against this force to change the radial position of the
particle from r1 to r2 is the change (Vg)2 - (Vg)1 in gravitational
potential energy,

´ It is the negative of the work done by the gravitational force and

depends only on its position, h or r, and not on the particular
path it followed in reaching that position.
Potential Energy:
´ Gravitational Potential Energy

´ It is the negative of the work done by the gravitational

force and depends only on its position, h or r, and not on
the particular path it followed in reaching that position.
Potential Energy:
Potential Energy:
Potential Energy:
Potential Energy:
Working Example-1
´ The figure shows a 1-kg collar that slides along the frictionless
vertical rod under the actions of gravity and an ideal spring. The
spring has a stiffness of 160 N/m, and its free length is 0.9 m. The
collar is released from rest in position 1. Determine the speed of the
collar in position 2
Working Example-1
´ Solution
´ By select datum at initial position (1)

´ Where;
Working Example-1
´ Solution
´ Hence;

´ With;
Working Example-2
´ The 2-lb collar is released from rest at A and slides freely up the
inclined rod, striking the stop at B with a velocity 𝑣. The spring of
stiffness 𝑘 has an undeform (un-stretched) length of 15 in. Calculate
𝑣.
Working Example-2
´ Solution
´ From Kinetic energy;

´ From Potential energy;

Working Example-2