GEOSTATIONARY SATELLITE

PRESENTED BY
WAQAS AHMED
 INTRODUCTION OF
GEOSTATIONARY SATELLITE
 A geostationary satellite is any
satellite which is placed in a
geostationary orbit. Satellites in
geostationary orbit maintain a
constant position relative to the
surface of the earth.
 Geostationary satellites do this by
orbiting the earth approximately
22,300 miles above the equator. This
orbital path is called the Clarke Belt,
in honor of Arthur C. Clarke.
INTRODUCTION CONTINUE

 In other words, if a satellite in a

geostationary orbit is in a certain
place above the earth, it will stay in
that same spot above the earth. Its
latitude stays at zero and its
longitude remains constant.
 Geostationary satellites are
commonly used for communications
and weather-observation.
INTRODUCTION CONTINUE
 The typical service life expectancy of a
geostationary satellite is ten to fifteen
years.
 Because geostationary satellites circle the
earth at the equator, they are not able to
provide coverage at the Northernmost and
Southernmost latitudes.
 Geostationary orbits are often referred to
as geosynchronous or just GEO.
 A geo-stationary orbit is also
sometimes called: stationary, or
synchronous orbit.
DIAGRAM OF GEO SATELLITE
CLASSIFICATION

 LEO (LOWER EARTH ORBIT)

 MEO (MEDIUM EARTH ORBIT)

 GEO (GEOSTATIONARY
ORBIT)
ORBITAL ALTITUDE

 LEO 500-2,000KM Above the

earth.
 MEO 8,000-20,000KM Above
the earth.
 GEO 35,786KM Above the
earth.
HISTORY OF GEO ORBIT
 The concept of the geostationary orbit has been
around since the early part of the twentieth century.
 The person most widely given credit for the concept
of using this orbit for communications is ARTHUR
C. CLARKE.
 In an article he published in Wireless World in
October 1945 titled "Extra-Terrestrial Relays: Can
Rocket Stations Give World-wide Radio Coverage?"
Clarke extrapolates from the German rocket
research of the time to a day when communications
around the world would be possible via a network of
three geostationary satellites spaced at equal
intervals around the earth's equator.
GEO ORBIT DIAGRAM
ADVANTAGES

 High coverage area.

 Five geostationary satellites are
enough to cover all of the regions
of the Earth.
 One ground segment is enough for
the satellite monitoring.
 No problem with frequency
changes.
DIS-ADVANTAGES
 Polar regions are not observed.
 One big problem with Geostationary
satellites is that since they are always
positioned above the equator they can't
see the north or south poles and are of
limited use for latitudes greater than
60-70 degrees north or south.
 Weak signal after traveling over 35,000
km.
 Signal sending delay.
GEOSTATIONARY SATELLITE
ARE USEFUL FOR MANY
APPLICATIONS
 TELECOMMUNICATION:-
 World wide operational
telecommunication systems for
telephones, TV and digitized
transmission lines.
 ARMY:-
 Alarm systems - detection of rocket
launches.
 Geostationary satellites are also
commonly used for communications
and weather-observation.
THANK YOU!