4.

Verb

Chapter 1
❶ Common Verbs … 4
❷ I do. … 5
❸ masu-Form … 7
❹ to-do-Verb … 8
❺ Verb List … 10

Chapter 2
❶ Question … 13
❷ Negative … 14
❸ Past … 16
Verb Conjugation … 19

Usage : Traveling in Kyoto

Chapter 3
❶ Can I get…? … 22
❷ Would you like to do with me? … 24
❸ Let’s do. … 25
❹ Shall I do? … 26

Article : Tokyo Guide

Quiz

1
This is a book for people learning basic Japanese without a teacher.

1. in the shortest way

Many people tend to give up learning Japanese, because textbooks don’t match your need or you
struggle with reading “Kanji”. In this book you’ll complete basic Japanese using only Roman alphabets
or “Hiragana & Katakana” which are necessary to understand Japanese sounds, so you don’t have
to spend too much time to learn “Kanji” at the basic level. Since the only way to improve Japanese is
to learn “sentence patterns” one by one, learning grammar before “Kanji” is going to be the shortest
way to improve your Japanese.

2. can save money

This book consists of 20 volumes in all, and each part is sold separately, so you can start from any
part on your convenience, and also you can use it only for strengthening a part which you feel
difficult. You don’t have to pay money for the part which you don’t need. If you study Japanese for
the first time, you may feel it’s a bit long from vol.1 to vol.20. However, to learn the basic “sentence
patterns” is necessary to master Japanese.

3. a handmade textbook
This book is made by a Japanese teacher, and the content is summarized simply, making use of the
experience in the class. The example sentences in Japanese are absolutely practical, and any
expressions which are too formal or old-fashioned as sometimes seen in other textbooks are not
included. However I apologize for the parts that English is not properly used. I nevertheless believe
that this book is useful to study Japanese without a teacher.

4. studying in sentence level

In the basic level, many people feel difficulty for various Verb conjugating, therefore this book has
lots of example sentences with less grammar explanation. Getting used to many sentences will help
you to improve, rather than reading a lot of grammar explanation. Please learn at sentence level
from English to Japanese with this book.

Thank you for choosing this book. I hope your dream comes true.

2
 chapter 1

1 Common Verbs

2 I do.

3 masu-Form

4 to-do-Verb

5 Verb List

3
 ❶ Common Verbs
in the morning :
・ o-ki-ma-su ( おきます ) = wake up
・ a-ra-i-ma-su ( あらいます ) = wash
・ ta-be-ma-su ( たべます ) = eat
・ no-mi-ma-su ( のみます ) = drink
・ mi-ga-ki-ma-su ( みがきます ) = brush ( teeth )
everyday :
・ ha-ta-ra-ki-ma-su ( はたらきます ) = work
・ ya-su-mi-ma-su ( やすみます ) = take a rest
・ ne-ma-su ( ねます ) = sleep
movement :
・ su-wa-ri-ma-su ( すわります ) = sit down
・ ta-chi-ma-su ( たちます ) = stand up
・ a-ru-ki-ma-su ( あるきます ) = walk
・ ha-shi-ri-ma-su ( はしります ) = run
Verb
c lothes :
Question
Negative
・ ki-ma-su ( きます ) = get dressed
・ nu-gi-ma-su ( ぬぎます ) = get undressed
・ ha-ki-ma-su ( はきます ) = put ( shoes ) on
Past
Suggestion
study :
Others
・ yo-mi-ma-su ( よみます ) = read
・ ka-ki-ma-su ( かきます ) = write
・ ha-na-shi-ma-su ( はなします ) = speak
・ mi-ma-su ( みます ) = look
to-do-Verb :
・ ‘mail’ shi-ma-su ( メールします ) = send a mail
・ ke-shō shi-ma-su ( けしょうします ) = do make-up
・ den-wa shi-ma-su ( でんわします ) = make a call
・ ben-kyō shi-ma-su ( べんきょうします ) = study
4
 ❷ I do.
⑴

Verb
◎ I walk.
Topic [wa] Intransitive-Verb.

Question
Watashi [wa] aruki-masu.

● Watashi [wa] Intransitive Verb. : = I do.

Negative
( わたしは Intransitive Verb。)

□ Intransitive Verb has no Object.

》examples :
・ aruki-masu ( = to walk )

Past
あるきます

・ hashiri-masu はしります ( = to run )

・ hataraki-masu はたらきます ( = to work )
・ suwari-masu ( = to sit down )

Suggestion
すわります

□ [wa(は)] : Topic marker

》It marks a Topic. ‘Topic’ is what you want to talk about in the sentence.
》Topic is as same as a Subject in the most of sentences. ( Please see Book 7 for more detail. )

Others
》It is written “は” not “わ”.

‘time’ [ni] time に Particle = at

ma-i-ni-chi まいにち Time Word = everyday

He works. 》 Kare [wa] hataraki-masu.

かれは はたらきます。

I take a rest. 》 Watashi [wa] yasumi-masu.

わたしは やすみます。

I wake up at 7: 00. 》 Watashi [wa] shichi-ji [ni] oki-masu.

わたしは しちじに おきます。

I go to bed at 11: 00 everyday. 》 Watashi [wa] mainichi jūichi-ji [ni] ne-masu.

わたしは まいにち じゅういちじに ねます。

⑵
◎ I read a book.
Topic [wa] Object [o] Transitive-Verb.
Watashi [wa] hon [o] yomi-masu.

5
● Watashi [wa] Object [o] Transitive Verb. : = I do something.
( わたしは Object を Transitive Verb。)

□ Transitive Verb has an Object.

》examples :
・ yomi-masu よみます ( = to read )
・ tabe-masu たべます ( = to eat )
・ nomi-masu のみます ( = to drink )
・ kai-masu かいます ( = to buy )

□ [o(を)] : Object marker

》It is written “を” not “お”.

hon ほん Noun = book

mi-zu みず Noun = water
ko-me こめ Noun = rice

We drink water. 》 Watashitachi [wa] mizu [o] nomi-masu.

わたしたちは みずを のみます。

Japanese people speak Japanese. 》 Nihon-jin [wa] Nihon-go [o] hanashi-masu.

にほんじんは にほんごを はなします。

Japanese people eat rice. 》 Nihon-jin [wa] kome [o] tabe-masu.

にほんじんは こめを たべます。

I drink coffee. 》 Watashi [wa] ‘coffee’ [o] nomi-masu.

わたしは コーヒーを のみます。

I listen to rock music. 》 Watashi [wa] ‘rock’ [o] kiki-masu.

わたしは ロックを ききます。

6
 ❸ masu-Form

◎ to work

Verb
Verb-masu
hataraki-masu

Question
● Verb-masu :
( Verb ます )

Negative
□ ‘masu-Form’ is a Polite Form which people use daily.

□ Japanese Verb doesn’t change although a Subject is ‘the third person’ or ‘plural’.
◎ I walk.

Past
→ Watashi [wa] aruki-masu.
( わたしは あるきます。)

◎ He walks.
Kare [wa] aruki-masu.

Suggestion
→
( かれは あるきます。)

◎ We walk.
→ Watashitachi [wa] aruki-masu.
( わたしたちは あるきます。)

Others
● Tense :
□ ‘masu-Form’ expresses the Present Tense and the Future Tense.
□ 》Present :
◎ We work everyday.
→ Watashitachi [wa] mainichi hataraki-masu.
( わたしたちは まいにち はたらきます。)

□ 》Future :
◎ I’m going to work tomorrow.
→ Watashi [wa] ashita hataraki-masu.
( わたしは あした はたらきます。)

a-shi-ta あした Time Word = tomorrow

gyūnyū ぎゅうにゅう Noun = milk

I drink milk everyday. 》 Watashi [wa] mainichi gyūnyū [o] nomi-masu.

わたしは まいにち ぎゅうにゅうを のみます。

She speaks English. 》 Kanojo [wa] Eigo [o] hanashi-masu.

かのじょは えいごを はなします。

I’ll wake up at 5 tomorrow. 》 Watashi [wa] ashita go-ji [ni] oki-masu.

わたしは あした ごじに おきます。

7
 ❹ to-do-Verb

◎ I study.

Verb
Topic [wa] to do Verb.
Watashi [wa] benkyō [o] shi-masu.

Question
● Noun [o] shi-masu : to do Verb
( Noun を します )

Negative
□ ‘shi-masu(します)’ means ‘to do’, and it is used in a set phrase.
》‘shi-masu’ is combined with a Noun, and create ‘to do Verb’.

Noun to do to-do-Verb
＋ →
benkyō [o] shi-masu benkyō [o] shi-masu

Past
□ 》An Object marker, [o(を)] can be omitted.

Suggestion
◎ I study.
→ Watashi [wa] benkyō [o] shi-masu.
( わたしは べんきょうを します。)

◎ → Watashi [wa] benkyō shi-masu.

Others
( わたしは べんきょう します。)

● Watashi [wa] Object [o] to-do-Verb. :

( わたしは Object を to-do-Verb。)

□ When ‘to-do-Verb’ needs an Object, [o(を)] in ‘to-do-Verb’ must be taken away.

◎ I study Japanese.
◎ → Watashi [wa] Nihongo [o] benkyō [o] shi-masu.
( わたしは にほんごを べんきょうを します。)

● to-do-Verb list :

benkyō [o] shi-masu べんきょうを します = to study

‘mail’ [o] shi-masu メールを します = to send a mail
den-wa [o] shi-masu でんわを します = to make a call
keshō [o] shi-masu けしょうを します = to do my make-up
ka-i-mo-no [o] shi-masu かいものを します = to do the shopping
sen-ta-ku [o] shi-masu せんたくを します = to do the laundry
sōji [o] shi-masu そうじを します = to clean
ryokō [o] shi-masu りょこうを します = to go on travel
ryūga-ku [o] shi-masu りゅうがくを します = to study abroad
un-ten [o] shi-masu うんてんを します = to drive
kekkon [o] shi-masu けっこんを します = to marry

8
 ra-i-shū らいしゅう Time Word = next week
ra-i-ge-tsu らいげつ Time Word = next month
ra-i-nen らいねん Time Word = next year

I do the laundry everyday. 》 Watashi [wa] mainichi sentaku ( [o] ) shi-masu.

わたしは まいにち せんたく(を) します。

I drive a car everyday. 》 Watashi [wa] mainichi kuruma [o] unten shi-masu.
わたしは まいにち くるまを うんてんします。

I’m going on trip next week. 》 Watashi [wa] raishū ryokō ( [o] ) shi-masu.
わたしは らいしゅう りょこう(を) します。

I’m going to marry next month. 》 Watashi [wa] raigetsu kekkon ( [o] ) shimasu.
わたしは らいげつ けっこん(を) します。

I’m going to study abroad next year. 》 Watashi [wa] rainen ryūgaku ( [o] ) shimasu.
わたしは らいねん りゅうがく(を) します。

9
 ❺ Verb List

Verb
● Intransitive Verb :

a-ru-ki-ma-su あるきます = to walk

a-so-bi-ma-su あそびます = to play

Question
de-ka-ke-ma-su でかけます = to go out
( ame [ga] ) fu-ri-ma-su ( あめが ) ふります = It rains
ha-shi-ri-ma-su はしります = to run
ha-ta-ra-ki-ma-su はたらきます = to work

Negative
i-ki-ma-su いきます = to go
i-so-gi-ma-su いそぎます = to hurry
ka-e-ri-ma-su かえります = to go back
ki-ma-su きます = to come
o-do-ri-ma-su おどります = to dance

Past
o-ki-ma-su おきます = to wake up
o-yo-gi-ma-su およぎます = to swim
su-mi-ma-su すみます = to live in a place

Suggestion
su-wa-ri-ma-su すわります = to sit down
ta-chi-ma-su たちます = to stand up
to-bi-ma-su とびます = to fly
to-ma-ri-ma-su とまります = to stop
tsu-ka-re-ma-su つかれます = to get tired

Others
wa-ka-ri-ma-su わかります = to understand
ya-su-mi-ma-su やすみます = to take a rest

● Transitive Verb :

( ‘shower’ [o] ) a-bi-ma-su ( シャワーを ) あびます = to take a shower

a-ge-ma-su あげます = to give
a-ke-ma-su あけます = to open
a-ra-i-ma-su あらいます = to wash
da-shi-ma-su だします = to take out
( ku-tsu [o] ) ha-ki-ma-su ( くつを ) はきます = to wear shoes
ha-na-shi-ma-su はなします = to speak
ha-ra-i-ma-su はらいます = to pay
( ‘piano’ [o] ) hi-ki-ma-su ( ピアノを ) ひきます = to play the piano
ka-i-ma-su かいます = to buy
( den-wa [o] ) ka-ke-ma-su ( でんわを ) かけます = to make a call
ka-ki-ma-su かきます = to write
ka-ri-ma-su かります = to borrow
ka-shi-ma-su かします = to lend
ki-ki-ma-su ききます = to listen
ki-ma-su きます = to wear
ki-ri-ma-su きります = to cut
ma-chi-ma-su まちます = to wait
( ha [o] ) mi-ga-ki-ma-su ( はを ) みがきます = to brush teeth
mi-ma-su みます = to watch
mi-se-ma-su みせます = to show
mo-chi-ma-su もちます = to have, carry, hold
mo-ra-i-ma-su もらいます = to get
na-ra-i-ma-su ならいます = to learn
no-mi-ma-su のみます = to drink

10
( ku-su-ri [o] ) no-mi-ma-su ( くすりを ) のみます = to take a medicine
nu-gi-ma-su ぬぎます = to get undressed
o-bo-e-ma-su おぼえます = to remember, memorize
o-ki-ma-su おきます = to put
o-ku-ri-ma-su おくります = to send
sa-ga-shi-ma-su さがします = to look for
shi-me-ma-su しめます = to close
shi-ra-be-ma-su しらべます = to look something up
su-te-ma-su すてます = to throw away
ta-be-ma-su たべます = to eat
te-tsu-da-i-ma-su てつだいます = to help
to-ri-ma-su とります = to take
tsu-ka-i-ma-su つかいます = to use
tsu-ku-ri-ma-su つくります = to make
u-ri-ma-su うります = to sell
u-ta-i-ma-su うたいます = to sing
wa-su-re-ma-su わすれます = to forget
yo-bi-ma-su よびます = to call
yo-mi-ma-su よみます = to read

11
 chapter 2

1 Question

2 Negative

3 Past

12
 ❶ Question

◎ Do you speak English?

Verb
Verb-masu-ka?
Eigo [o] hanashi-masu-ka?

Question
● Verb-masu-ka? : = Do you do?
( Verb ますか︖ )

Negative
□ Question : ‘-ka’ is added to the end of a sentence.
◎ I do.
→ Watashi [wa] Verb-masu.
( わたしは Verb ます。)

Past
◎ Do you do?
→ Verb-masu-ka?
( Verb ますか︖ )

Suggestion
□ Intonation : rise (⤴)
》Verb-masu. (⤵)
》Verb-masu-ka? (⤴)

□ ‘anata [wa] …?’

Others
》‘anata [wa]’ sounds bossy, so Japanese people commonly say without it.
◎ Do you eat?
→ Tabe-masu-ka?
( たべますか︖ )

ta-ma-go たまご Noun = egg

e-i-ga えいが Noun = movie
nan-ji? なんじ︖ Quesiton Word = What time?

Does she eat eggs? 》 Kanojo [wa] tamago [o] tabe-masu-ka?

かのじょは たまごを たべますか︖

Does he read books? 》 Kare [wa] hon [o] yomi-masu-ka?

かれは ほんを よみますか︖

Do you watch movies? 》 Eiga [o] mi-masu-ka?

えいがを みますか︖

Do you drink coffee, Hana? 》 Hana-san [wa] ‘coffee’ [o] nomi-masu-ka?

はなさんは コーヒーを のみますか︖

What time do you wake up everyday? 》Mainichi nan-ji [ni] oki-masu-ka?

まいにち なんじに おきますか︖

13
 ❷ Negative

◎ I don’t understand.

Verb
Verb-masen
Wakari-masen.

Question
● Verb-masen : = I don’t do.
( Verb ません )

Negative
□ Negative : ‘-masu’ changes to ‘-masen’.

◎ to write → don’t write

kaki-masu kaki-masen
( かきます ) ( かきません )

Past
examples :

Suggestion
hashiri-masu → hashiri-masen
はしりません

iki-masu → iki-masen
いきません

hanashi-masu → hanashi-masen

Others
はなしません

nomi-masu → nomi-masen
のみません

tsukai-masu → tsukai-masen
つかいません

□ ’watashi [wa]’ is often omitted, when it is obvious that I’m talking about myself.

◎ I don’t understand.
→ ( Watashi [wa] ) wakari-masen.
( ( わたしは ) わかりません。)

● Īe, Something [wa] Verb-masen. :

( いいえ、… は Verb ません。)

□ In Negative reply, a partical [o(を)] change to [wa(は)].

◎ A : Are you going to buy eggs?

→ Tamago [o] kai-masu-ka?
( たまごを かいますか︖ )

◎ B : No, I won’t buy eggs.

→ Īe, tamago [wa] kai-masen.
( いいえ、たまごは かいません。)

sa-ka-na さかな Noun = fish

14
A : Does she eat fish? 》 Kanojo [wa] sakana [o] tabe-masu-ka?
かのじょは さかなを たべますか︖

B : No, she doesn’t eat fish. 》 Īe, kanojo [wa] sakana [wa] tabe-masen.
いいえ、かのじょは さかなは たべません。

A : Do you read books, Hana? 》 Hana-san [wa] hon [o] yomi-masu-ka?

はなさんは ほんを よみますか︖

B : No, I don’t read books. 》 Īe, hon [wa] yomi-masen.

いいえ、ほんは よみません。

15
 ❸ Past
⑴

Verb
◎ I bought coffee this morning.
Verb-mashita.

Question
Watashi [wa] kesa ‘coffee’ [o] kai-mashita

● Verb-mashita : = I did.

Negative
( Verb ました )

□ Past : ‘-masu’ changes to ‘-mashita’.

◎ to write → wrote
kaki-masu kaki-mashita

Past
( かきます ) ( かきました )

examples :

Suggestion
hashiri-masu → hashiri-mashita
はしりました

iki-masu → iki-mashita
いきました

Others
hanashi-masu → hanashi-mashita
はなしました

nomi-masu → nomi-mashita
のみました

tsukai-masu → tsukai-mashita
つかいました

● Tense :
□ ‘Verb-mashita’ expresses the Simple Past Tense and the Past Perfect Tense.
□ 》Simple Past :
◎ I woke up at 6 .
→ Watashi [wa] roku-ji [ni] oki-mashita.
( わたしは ろくじに おきました。)

□ 》Past Perfect :
◎ I have done my homework already.
→ Watashi [wa] mō shukudai [o] shi-mashita.
( わたしは もう しゅくだいを しました。)

Ke-sa けさ Time Word = this morning

to-sho-kan としょかん Noun = library
shu-ku-da-i しゅくだい Noun = homework
mō もう Adverb = already
te-re-bi テレビ Noun = TV

16
 I woke up at 8: 00 》Watashi [wa] hachi-ji [ni] oki-mashita.
わたしは はちじに おきました。

I washed my face. 》Watashi [wa] kao [o] arai-mashita.

わたしは かおを あらいました。

I brushed my teeth. 》Watashi [wa] ha [o] migaki-mashita.

わたしは はを みがきました。

I watched TV. 》 Watashi [wa] terebi [o] mi-mashita.

わたしは テレビを みました。

I put on T-shirts. 》 Watashi [wa] ‘T-shirts’ [o] ki-mashita.

わたしは T シャツを きました。

⑵
◎ Did you study?
Verb-mashita-ka?
benkyō shi-mashita-ka?

● Verb-mashita-ka? : = Did you do?

( Verb ましたか︖ )

□ Past Question : ‘-masu’ changes to ‘-mashita-ka?’.

◎ to write → did you write?
kaki-masu kaki-mashita-ka?
( かきます ) ( かきましたか︖ )

examples :

hashiri-masu → hashiri-mashita-ka?
はしりましたか︖

iki-masu → iki-mashita-ka?
いきましたか︖

hanashi-masu → hanashi-mashita-ka?
はなしましたか︖

nomi-masu → nomi-mashista-ka?
のみましたか︖

tsukai-masu → tsukai-mashita-ka?
つかいましたか︖

17
⑶
◎ I didn’t eat breakfast.
Verb-masendeshita
Asagohan [o] tabe-masendeshita.

● Verb-masendeshita : = I didn’t do.

( Verb ませんでした )

□ Past Negative : ‘-masu’ changes to ‘-masendeshita’.

◎ to write → didn’t write
kaki-masu kaki-masendeshita
( かきます ) ( かきませんでした )

examples :

hashiri-masu → hashiri-masendeshita
はしりませんでした

iki-masu → iki-masendeshita
いきませんでした

hanashi-masu → hanashi-masendeshita
はなしませんでした

nomi-masu → nomi-masendeshita
のみませんでした

tsukai-masu → tsukai-masendeshita
つかいませんでした

a-sa-go-han あさごはん Noun = breakfast

ke-sa けさ Time Word = this morning

A : Did you take a shower this morning? 》 Kesa ‘shower’ [o] abi-mashita-ka?
けさ シャワーを あびましたか︖

B : No, I didn’t take a shower. 》 Īe, ‘shower’ [wa] abi-masendeshita.

いいえ、シャワーは あびませんでした。

A : Did you drink milk this morning? 》 Kesa gyūnyū [o] nomi-mashita-ka?
けさ ぎゅうにゅうを のみましたか︖

B : No, I didn’t drink milk. 》 Īe, gyūnyū [wa] nomi-masendeshita.

いいえ、ぎゅうにゅうは のみませんでした。

18
Verb Conjugation :

Present ・Affirmative 》shi-masu します = do

・Question 》shi-masu-ka? しますか︖ = do you do?
・Negative 》shi-masen しません = don’t do

Past ・Affirmative 》shi-mashita しました = did

・Question 》shi-mashita-ka? しましたか︖ = did you do?
・Negative 》shi-masendeshita しませんでした = didn’t do

19
 Traveling in Kyoto
京都旅行

・Kyōto [de] kōyō [o] mi-masu.

きょうとで こうようを みます。
( = I’m going to watch red leaves in Kyoto. )

・Kimono [o] kari-masu.

きものを かります。
( = I’m going to borrow a kimono. )

・Kimono [o] ki-masu.

きものを きます。
( = I’m going to wear a kimono. )

・Maccha [o] nomi-masu.

まっちゃを のみます。
( = I’m going to drink ‘matcha green tea’. )

・Yudōfu [o] tabe-masu.

ゆどうふを たべます。
( = I’m going to eat ‘tofu hot pot’. )

20
 chapter 3

1 Can I get … ?

2 Would you like to do with me?

3 Let’s do.

4 Shall I do?

21
 ❶ Can I get ... ?

◎ Can I get some water?

Verb
Something [o] kudasai
O-mizu [o] kudasai.

Question
● Something [o] kudasai. : = Can I get Something?
( Something を ください。)

Negative
□ It is a phrase to order food or drink.

◎ Can I get this one?

→ Kore [o] kudasai.
( これを ください。)

Past
□ ‘Something [o] onegai shi-masu ( Something を おねがいします )’
》It is also used in the same meaning.

Suggestion
◎ Can I get some water?
→ Mizu [o] onegai shi-masu.
( みずを おねがいします。)

Others
● Something [o] Quantity kudasai. : = Can I get Quantity of Something?
( Something を Quantitiy ください。)

◎ Can I get 2 glasses of water?

→ Mizu [o] futatsu kudasai.
( みずを ふたつ ください。)

● Counting Word ( which is used for a various group of things up to 10 ) :

hi-to-tsu ひとつ =1
fu-ta-tsu ふたつ =2
mittsu みっつ =3
yottsu よっつ =4
i-tsu-tsu いつつ =5
muttsu むっつ =6
na-na-tsu ななつ =7
yattsu やっつ =8
ko-ko-no-tsu ここのつ =9
tō とお = 10

mi-zu みず Noun = water

o-cha おちゃ Noun = Japanese tea
kōcha こうちゃ Noun = English tea
bīru ビール Noun = beer

22
Can I get coffee? 》‘Coffee’ [o] kudasai.
コーヒーを ください。

Can I get 2 coffee? 》‘Coffee’ [o] futatsu kudasai.

コーヒーを ふたつ ください。

Can I get tea? 》Ocha [o] kudasai.

おちゃを ください。

Can I get 3 English tea? 》Kōcha [o] mittsu kudasai.

こうちゃを みっつ ください。

Can I get beer? 》Bīru [o] kudasai.

ビールを ください。

23
 ❷ Would you like to do with me?
⑴

Verb
◎ A : Would you like to eat lunch with me?
◎ Issho-ni hirugohan [o] tabe-masen-ka?

Question
◎ B : I want to.
◎ tabe-mashō.

Negative
● Issho-ni Verb-masen-ka? : = Would you like to do with me?
( いっしょに Verb ませんか︖ )

□ It is a phrase to ask someone to do something together.

Past
□ ‘issho-ni’ : = together

Suggestion
● Verb-mashō. : = I want to.
( Verb ましょう。)

□ It is used to accept a suggestion.

◎ A : Would you like to go with me?

Others
→ Issho-ni iki-masen-ka?
( いっしょに いきませんか︖ )

◎ B : I want to.
→ Iki-mashō.
( いきましょう。)

hi-ru-go-han ひるごはん Noun = lunch

A : Would you like to have a drink with me? 》 Issho-ni nomi-masen-ka?

いっしょに のみませんか︖

B : I want to. 》 Nomi-mashō.

のみましょう。

A : Would you like to do homework with me? 》 Issho-ni shukudai [o] shi-masen-ka?
いっしょに しゅくだいを しませんか︖

B : I want to. 》 Shi-mashō.

しましょう。

24
 ❸ Let’s do.

◎ Let’s sing.

Verb
Verb-mashō
Utai-mashō.

Question
● Verb-mashō. : = Let’s do.
( Verb ましょう。)

Negative
□ It is used to make a suggestion.

◎ Let’s eat.
→ Tabe-mashō.
( たべましょう。)

Past
Suggestion
o-do-ri-ma-su おどります Verb = to dance

Others
Let’s do. 》 Shi-mashō.
しましょう

Let’s take a rest. 》 Yasumi-mashō.

やすみましょう

Let’s speak Japanese. 》 Nihongo [o] hanashi-mashō.

にほんごを はなしましょう

Let’s dance. 》 Odori-mashō.

おどりましょう

Let’s listen. 》 Kiki-mashō.

ききましょう

25
 ❹ Shall I do?

◎ Shall I open the window?

Verb
Verb-mashō-ka?
Mado [o] ake-mashō-ka?

Question
● Verb-mashō-ka? : = Shall I do?
( Verb ましょうか︖ )

Negative
□ It is used to offer to do something.

◎ A : Shall I close the window?

→ Mado [o] shime-mashō-ka?
( まどを しめましょうか︖ )

Past
◎ B : Yes, please.
→ Onegai shi-masu.
( おねがいします。)

Suggestion
Others
ka-ban かばん Noun = bag
shokki しょっき Noun = dish

A : Shall I carry your bag? 》 Kaban [o] mochi-mashō-ka?

かばんを もちましょうか︖

B : Yes, please. 》 Onegai shi-masu.

わおねがいします。

A : Shall I wash dishes? 》 Shokki [o] arai-mashō-ka?

しょっきを あらいましょうか︖

B : Yes, please. 》 Onegai shi-masu.

おねがいします。

26
 Sightseeing
観光

Tokyo Guide
Marunouchi
< Highlight :Tokyo Station, Imperial Palace >
Marunouchi is a business district which is located between Tokyo station and Imperial Palace. It also offers
stylish atmosphere for shopping and dining.

Asakusa
< Highlight : Sensoji(temple), Nakamise shopping street,Tokyo Sky-tree >
Asakusa is a historical town. There is plenty to see. Nakamise shopping street is one of the oldest shopping
street in Japan, and it is worth visiting to find old Japan.

Shibuya
< Highlight : Shibuya109, Hikarie >
Shibuya is a district of youth fashion and culture. “Shibuya Crossing” became famous recently because it may
be the busiest intersection in the world.

Roppongi
< Highlight : Roppongi Hills, Midtown,Tokyo Tower >
Roppongi has been famous as nightlife town especially among foreigners. With opening Roppongi Hills and
Midtown it also became shopping and art area.

Shinjuku
< Highlight : Shinjuku gyoen (garden),Tokyo City Hall >
Shinjuku is a skyscraper city. It’s a large area with entertainment, gourmet, shopping, nightlife, and business.

27
I run.
Watashi [wa] ( ). hashiri-masu
わたしは ( )。 はしります

I eat eggs.
Watashi [wa] tamago ( )( ). o, tabe-masu
わたしは たまご ( )( )。 を、たべます

I drive a car.
Watashi [wa] kuruma [o] ( ). unten shi-masu
わたしは くるまを ( )。 うんてんします

I drink coffee everyday.

Watashi [wa] mainichi ‘coffee’ [o] ( ). nomi-masu
わたしは まいにち コーヒーを ( )。 のみます

I’ll drink coffee tomorrow morning.

Watashi [wa] ashita [no] asa ‘coffee’ [o] ( ). nomi-masu
わたしは あしたの あさ コーヒーを ( )。 のみます

I don’t drink coffee.

Watashi [wa] ‘coffee’ [o] ( ). nomi-masen
わたしは コーヒーを ( )。 のみません

I drank coffee yesterday.

Watashi [wa] kinō ‘coffee’ [o] ( ). nomi-mashita
わたしは コーヒーを ( )。 のみました

I didn’t drink coffee this morning.

Watashi [wa] kesa ‘coffee’ [o] ( ). nomi-masendeshita
わたしは けさ コーヒーを ( )。 のみませんでした

A : Do you drink coffee?

‘Coffee’ ( )( )? o, nomi-masu-ka
コーヒー ( )( )? を、のみますか

B : No, I don’t drink coffee.

Īe, ‘coffee’ ( )( ). wa, nomi-masen
いいえ、コーヒー ( )( )。 は、のみません

28
Can I get 2 beer?
Bīru ( )( )( ). o, futatsu, kudasai
ビール ( )( )( )。 を、ふたつ、ください

A : Would you like to run with me?

Issho-ni ( )? hashiri-masen-ka
いっしょに ( )? はしりませんか

B : I want to.
( )。 Hashiri-mashō
( )。 はしりましょう

A : Shall I turn on TV?

Terebi [o] ( )? tsuke-mashō-ka
テレビを ( )? つけましょうか

B : Yes, please.
Onegai shi-masu.
おねがいします。

29
Index :
(A)
Adjective -sōdesu Book 17
Adjective Conjugation Book 3
age-masu Book 5
aida Book 14
aida [ni] Book 14
amari Book 15
ano Book 3
are Book 3
ari-masu Book 6
asoko Book 3

(C)
Causative - Passive Form Book 20
Causative Form Book 20
chigai-masu Book 1
Comparative Book 15
Conditional Form Book 19
Counting Word Book 6

(D)
[dake] Book 7
dare-ka・dare-mo Book 6
[de] Book 7
demo Book 14
Dependent Clause Book 13
Dictionary Form Book 10
Dictionary Form -mae [ni] Book 14
Dictionary Form -nara Book 19
Dictionary Form -to ( Conditional ) Book 19
Dictionary Form -toki Book 14
Dictionary Form -tokoro-desu Book 10
Dictionary Form -tsumori-desu Book 17
Dictionary Form -yōni-īmasu Book 11
Dictionary Form yōni-nari-mashita Book 15
Dictionary Form yōni-shi-masu Book 15
dō-shita-ra-ī-desu-ka? Book 19
dō-sureba-ī-desu-ka? Book 19

(E)
[e] Book 7

(F)
Family Member Book 1

(G)
-ga Book 14
[ga] Book 7

30
Index :
(H)
hoshī-desu Book 17

(I)
i-Adjective Book 2
i-Adjecitve -kereba ( Conditional ) Book 19
i-Adjective -ku Book 15
i-Adjective -ku nari-masu Book 15
i-Adjective -ku shi-masu Book 15
i-Adjective -kute Book 8
i-Adjective -kute, ( so, … ) Book 9
i-masu Book 6
iki-masu Book 5
Imperative Form Book 18
Intrantitive Verb & Transitive Verb Book 9
itsumo Book 15

(J)
jōzu-desu Book 2

(K)
ka-dōka Book 13
[ka] Book 7
kaeri-masu Book 5
[kara] Book 7
[kara] ki-mashita Book 5
ki-masu Book 5
kikoe-masu Book 12
kite-i-masu Book 9
koko Book 3
koko [wa] … desu. / … [wa] koko desu. Book 3
kono Book 3
kore Book 3
-koto Book 13
-koto [ga] deki-masu Book 12
kure-masu Book 5

( M)
mada te-Form -i-masen Book 10
[made] Book 7
masu-Form Book 4
masu-Form -ni iki-masu Book 5
mie-masu Book 12
[mo] Book 7
morai-msu Book 5
mō Verb-mashita Book 10

31
Index :
(N)
na-Adjective Book 2
na-Adjective -datta-ra ( Conditional ) Book 19
na-Adjective -de Book 8
na-Adjective -de, ( so, … ) Book 9
na-Adjective -nara ( Conditional ) Book 19
na-Adjective -ni Book 15
na-Adjective -ni nari-masu Book 15
na-Adjective -ni shi-masu Book 15
nagara Book 14
nai-Form Book 8
nai-Form -de, Verb-masu ( without the situation ) Book 9
nai-Form -katta-ra ( Conditional ) Book 19
nai-Form -kereba ( Conditional ) Book 19
nai-Form -kereba-ike-masen Book 18
nai-Form -ku-nari-mashita Book 15
nai-Form -kudasai Book 8
nai-Form -kute, ( so, … ) Book 9
nai-Form -kutemo-ī-desu Book 18
nai-Form -to ( Conditional ) Book 19
nai-Form hōga-ī-desu Book 18
nai-Form yōni-shi-masu Book 15
nan-desu-ka? Book 1
nani-ka・nani-mo Book 6
[ni] Book 7
[ni] tsuite Book 11
-no Book 13
[no] Book 7
[node] Book 16
Nominalization Book 13
-noni Book 19
Noun -de, ( so, … ) Book 9
Noun -deshita-ka? Book 1
Noun -deshita Book 1
Noun -desu-ka? Book 1
Noun -desu Book 1
Noun -jaarimasen Book 1
Noun -jaarimasendeshita Book 1
Noun -nara ( Conditional ) Book 19
Noun [ga] deki-masu Book 12
Noun [ni] iki-masu Book 5
Noun [ni] nari-masu Book 15
Noun [ni] shi-masu Book 15
Noun [no] ato [de] Book 14
Noun [no] mae [ni] Book 14
Noun [no] toki Book 14

32
Index :
(O)
[o] Book 7

(P)
Passive Form Book 20
Plain Form Book 11
Plain Form -Noun ( = a person who ) Book 13
Plain Form -Noun ( = a thins which ) Book 13
Plain Form -deshō Book 17
Plain Form -kamoshiremasen Book 17
Plain Form -no [wa] Noun-desu Book 13
Plain Form -sōdesu Book 17
Plain Form -yōdesu Book 17
Plain Form [to] kiki-mashita Book 11
Plain Form [to] omoi-masu Book 11
Plain Form [to] omoi-masu Book 17
Plain Form [to] ī-mashita Book 11
Position Word Book 6
Potential Form Book 12
Potential Form yōni-nari-mashita Book 15
Prohibitive Form Book 18

(Q)
Question Word Book 3

(R)
Reported speech Book 11

(S)
[shika] Book 7
shikashi Book 14
shitte-i-masu Book 9
shumi [wa] Dictionary Form -koto-desu Book 13
soko Book 3
something [o] Quantity kudasai Book 4
something [o] kusadai Book 4
sono Book 3
sore Book 3
sorede Book 14
sorekara Book 14
soshite Book 14
suki-desu Book 2
sukoshi Book 15
Superlative Book 15
sō-desu Book 1

33
Index :
(T)
ta-Form Book 10
ta-Form -ato [de] Book 14
ta-Form -bakari-desu Book 10
ta-Form -koto [ga] ari-masen Book 10
ta-Form -koto [ga] ari-masu-ka? Book 10
ta-Form -ra ( Conditional ) Book 19
ta-Form -ri, ta-Form -ri, shi-masu Book 10
ta-Form -toki Book 14
ta-Form -tokoro-desu Book 10
ta-Form hōga-ī-desu Book 18
takusan Book 15
tame-ni Book 16
te-Form Book 8
te-Form -age-masu Book 8
te-Form -i-maendeshita ( Past Continuous Negative ) Book 8
te-Form -i-mashita ( Past Continuous ) Book 8
te-Form -i-masu ( Present Continuous ) Book 8
te-Form -iru-tokoro-desu Book 10
te-Form -kuddasai Book 8
te-Form -kure-masu Book 8
te-Form -mi-masu Book 9
te-Form -mo-ī-desu Book 18
te-Form -morai-masu Book 8
te-Form -oki-masu ( do in advance ) Book 9
te-Form -oki-masu ( do it for next use ) Book 9
te-Form -shimai-mashita Book 8
te-Form -shimai-masu Book 10
te-Form -wa-ike-masen Book 18
te-Form [kara] Book 14
te-Form, ( so, … ) Book 9
te-Form, Verb-masu ( A does …, and B does … ) Book 9
te-Form, Verb-masu ( I do …, and then I do … ) Book 9
te-Form, Verb-masu ( with the situation ) Book 9
te-From -ari-masu ( State resulting ) Book 9
te-From -ari-masu ( have already done ) Book 9
te-From -i-masu ( State resulting ) Book 9
-temo Book 19
Tense Book 10
Time Words Book 5
to-do-Verb Book 4
[to] Book 7
[to] iu Book 11
tokidoki Book 15
totemo Book 15

34
Index :
(V)
Verb Conjugation Book 4
Verb Group Book 8
Verb-masen-ka? Book 4
Verb-mashō Book 4
Verb-mashō-ka? Book 4
Verb-masu -hajime-masu Book 10
Verb-masu -kata Book 8
Verb-masu -nasai Book 18
Verb-masu -nikui-desu Book 15
Verb-masu -owari-masu Book 10
Verb-masu -sugi-masu Book 15
Verb-masu -sōdesu Book 17
Verb-masu -tai-desu Book 17
Verb-masu -tsuzuke-masu Book 10
Verb-masu -yasui-desu Book 15
Volitional Form Book 17
Volitional Form [to] omotte-i-masu Book 17

( W)
[wa] Book 7
wakari-masu Book 12
watashi [ga] Plain Form -Noun ( = a person who I ) Book 13
watashi [ga] Plain Form -Noun ( = a place where I ) Book 13
watashi [ga] Plain Form -Noun ( = a thing which I ) Book 13

(Y)
[ya] Book 7
yoku Book 15
[yori] Book 7
yōni Book 16

(Z)
zenzen Book 15

35
Self Study Japanese
4. Verb

36
Self Study Japanese

1. Noun
2. Adjective
3. Demonstrative Pronoun・Question Word
4. Verb
5. Verb & Particle
6. Existence
7. Particle
8. te-Form①・nai-Form①
9. te-Form②・nai-Form②
10. ta-Form・Dictionary Form
11. Plain Form・Reported Speech
12. Potential Form
13. Dependent Clause
14. Conjunction
15. Comparative・Adverb
16. Reason・Purpose
17. Volitional Form・Hope・Judgment
18. Imperative Form・Prohibitive Form
19. Conditional Form
20. Passive Form・Causative Form

37