MODULE 4: Part 1

MUNICIPAL FISHING BOAT/BANCA

Background

The Bureau of Fisheries and Aquatic Resource (BFAR) has for the past years
contented with multifarious problems besetting the small-scale fisherman, with the end
in view of improving their stead through extension of much needed technology and
research, training and other related support services.

Fishing boat mechanization in the field of municipal fisheries includes not only
technical advice in the design, construction, maintenance and repair on suitable type of
fishing gear to be used, it also contains considerable information on the design,
construction and installation of engine and its accessories.

General Information

A Municipal Fishing boat/banca is a reinforced dug-out not more than three (3)
gross tons usually made of marine plywood and relatively narrow with or without
outrigger and engine. It is a specialized craft which is intended to perform certain well-
defined tasks of catching fish or gathering aquatic resources. Its size, lay-out, carrying
capacity, maneuverability, accommodation, machinery and equipment are all related to
its functions in carrying out its planned operation.
In the boat design and construction, keep in mind that a boat should be
seaworthy, it must be able to withstand big waves and strong winds thus, and the boat
must be strongly built, Plan ahead to avoid errors in the purchase of materials.

The following common errors should be avoided:

 Use of poor lumber
 Unfair curves
 Poor fits
 Rough edges
**It is always advisable to own the tools than borrowing them, keep them all in good shape.

DESIGN/ STRUCTURAL PLAN

Design /structural plan of a municipal fishing boat/banca (40ft x 2.75ft. 3ft)

Construction of a municipal fishing boat/banca

Shaping-out the dug-out of a banca

1. Cut the log measure 20 inches’ diameter x 36ft long for the banca to be constructed.
 2. Mark the deck line (Top portion) and bottom line of the dug-out using a batten. Chop off
the excess portion above the deck line and the position below the bottom line using axe
or two-man saw

3. Mark the breath line (port and starboard) and shape of the hollow canal of the dug-out

4. Chop the outer portion of the breath line and dig the hollow canal by using axe and
“Pandaras” considering the sliding and bottom thickness of the dig-out.

5. Fairing the curvature of the line breath line

Divide the deck length of the boat into 4 equal parts and name them as stations 0,1,2,3
and 4

At station 2 which is at the midship is the desired breath of the boat

At station 1 and 3 the breath is equal to 80% of station 2
At station 0 and 4 the breath is equal to ½ the 1.2 thickness of the stem.
Use a long thin stick (batten) to pair the smooth curvature of the breath line

Joining the stem and the dug-out

Two (2) types of joining the stem and the dug-out are illustrated below

 Prepare one (1) piece of 4x6x10 guijo wood for the stem. Fore and aft.
 Draw the shape of the stem by using batten.
 Shape the lumber according to the desired shape of the stem.
 Fit the stem into the contact point of the dug-out by applying marine epoxy or weld
wood.
 Repeat procedures for the other stem

Fastening the frame or rib to the dug-out

 Prepare and cut 38 pieces 1.5x 3 x 24 guijo wood for the dug-out frame
provided with lap joint.
 Fit the frames to the topside of the dug-out and fasten with G.L carriage bolts at
24inchs frame spacing
 Fastening the stringer to frames
 The stringer is extended horizon up to both ends of the boat (bow to astern
stem). The stringer is fastened half lap to every frame, reinforced with a nail and
gined at every intersection
 Prepare and cut four 9 (1) pieces 1 ½ x 2 x 22 tanguile wood for side stringer
with half lap joint cut at every intersection of the frame
 Fit the side stringer with half lap joint to the frame using nail or wood screw and
glue
 Repeat the same procedure for the other side frameFastening clamp and rail to
frames
  Install the clamp horizontally in line to top end of the frames and fastened by
nailing or bolting to every frame.
 Install the rail at the top of the clamp and frames using carriage bolt in between
the frames
Planking the banca

 Use ¼ inch thick marine plywood for planking.

 Attach planking using copper nail or wood screw to the dug-out frames, stringer
and stem at a distances form 3 to 4 inches apart.
 Coincide every planking joint to the frames, and glue the joining surface with
marine epoxy or weldwood to make it watertight to prevent leaking.

Installation of the engine and astern assembly

0 Install the engine at about eight (8) feet away from the stern of the dug-out.
1 Incline the shaft a little bit downward to the waterline to avail of the maximum push of the
propeller.

Bending of the outrigger beam(Batangan)

2 Fix one end of the bamboo pole (Bayog type) to an improvised grip.
3 Place a weight on the other end of the bamboo to induce bending
4 Heat the portion of time bamboo to be bent to the desired curvature.

Painting

Paint with flat primer followed by at least two coating of gloss with a light touch of sand paper
in-between coatings. Below the waterline portion of the boat, apply three (3) coating of
anti-fouling paints.

Important point in painting:

0 Avoid painting on rainy days
1 Don’t paint wet timber, should only have at most 12% moisture content
2 New wood structure should receive wood primer
3 Scrape off thoroughly old paint before painting
4 All fastening and holes should be properly sealed by a seaming compound

Care and maintenance

It is of common knowledge that the lifespan boat/banca shall be longer if there is

proper care and maintenance.

The following tips should be observed:

 0 Keep the boat in heavy mooring. Every time the boat is left tie it up as though you expect
a bad weather.
1 Scrap the bottom for barnacles twice a month and wash with fresh water and the dry.
Coat it with anti-fouling paint and timber protection and grease it.
2 Keep it pumped out, washed clean, and all gears stored in their proper places
3 When not in use, haul it out and store in a dry, well ventilated place.
4 When the boat dries up and shows some openings causing leakage, get the boat into the
water as soon as possible soak into water for two (2) days before putting strain on hull.

Appendix
A. Glossary of items
5 Abaft – towards he stern of a boat
6 Astern or stern – the rear portion of the boat
7 Banca – a dug- out canoe with or without outrigger
8 Batten – a long slender stick or splint used to draw curve lines
9 Boom – a beam projecting from the mast used for up lifting load
10 Breath – the extreme width of the boat
11Canoe - a small dag-out boat
12 Fishing boat – those boat engaged in fishing
13 Frame – structure giving transverse shape and rigidity to the boat
14 Gross Tonnage – the total volume of space in 100 cubic feet
15 Hull - the main body or frame of the boat
16 Lap Joint – a joint made by lapping one piece or part over another and fastening them
together
17 Length – the horizontal distance between both ends of the boat
18 Keel – a longitudinal timber extending along the bottom; the backbone of the boat
19 Mooring Line – a line for tying the boat to the wharf or buoy
20 Planking - planks of wood covering the boat
21 Port – the left side of the boat
22 Rabbet Line – a groove or notch in a plank or timber to receive the edge of the plank
23 Rotting – the decomposition of wood caused by fungi usually at the edge of the plank
24 Rubber a device used for steering, to control the boat’s course
25 Starboard – the right side of a boat
0 Stringer – a strengthening timber running horizontally from fore to aft
1 Tenon – a projecting part cut at the end of a piece of wood for insertion into a
corresponding hole (mortise) in another piece to make a joint
2 Tiller – the handle by which the rubber is controlled
3 Waterline – the level reached by the water surface of water on the side of the boat.

List of Hand Tools

26 Adjustable level – a device used in leveling surface in a balance position
27 Adjustable Wrench – a wrench having one fixed jaw and one adjustable jaw
28 Batten – a thin strip of wood used in oaring a boat line in the mold loft
29 Bit Brace - used for boring holes or cutting edges to insert saw tooth
 30 C-Clamp – a device used for holding or compressing things to be joined
31 Chisel – a toll consisting of a short metal with a sharpened edge at the end used for
boring, chipping, curving, and cutting wood materials.
32 Claw Hammer – used in extracting nails
33 Crosscut Saw- used for cutting wood
0 Hacksaw frames – for cutting metal or other hard materials
1 Hand Drill – small portable drilling machine, designed to be held and operated by hand
2 Philip’s Screw Driver – a tool for turning screws so as to hold them into their place
3 Planer – a medium-sized tool used purposely for planning and smoothing wood surface
4 Pliers – a pincher, for holding small objects or bending and cutting wire
5 Plumb Bob – a metal bob used for leveling surfaces
6 Spoke Shave – small transverse plane for planning concave surfaces
7 Tape Measure - used for measuring

MODULE 4 – Part 2
FISHING BOAT

A fishing boat is an open vessel or water craft propelled by oars, sails and an engine. It is used either in
catching or transporting fish. It is the most important equipment in fish capture especially in deep sea fishing. It is
specialized water transportations, vessel and craft which is intended to perform certain well-defined task of catching
fish or gathering aquatic resources.

CLASSES OF FISHING BOAT

1. Banka
2. Boat
3. Fishing vessel
4. Ship

BOATS MIGHT BE CLASSIFIED WITH RESPECT TO:

1. BUILDING MATERIALS
a. Wood
b. Plywood
c. Steel
d. Galvanized steel
e. Aluminium
f. Plastics
g. Fabrics molded
2. SIZE
a. Length
b. Tonnage
3. FORM OF THE HULL OR STYLE OF STRUCTURE
a. Round bottom
b. V bottom
c. Flat bottom keel
Center board
Raft body planning
4. PROPULSION METHODS
a. Oars
b. Sail
c. Motor
- Outboard
- Inboard
- Auxiliary
5. TYPES OF CONSTRUCTION
a. Lapstrake
b. Clinker built
c. Carvel
d. Diagonal planking
e. Molded
f. Strip planking
6. TYPES OF FISHERIES ENGAGED IN.
a. Trawler fishing boat
b. Purse or bead seiner
c. Gill net
d. Long liner
e. Pole or line
f. Bag net
FISHING BOAT ACCORDING TO FORM OF THE HULL OR STYLE OF STRUCTURE

1. Round Bottom Model – this model may be difficult to construct by amateur’s boat
builders. It has hydrodynamic surfaces making each part of the boat balanced.

 VARIATION IN THE SHAPE IN THE MID-SECTION

U - SECTION V - SECTION Y - SECTION

2. V – Bottom Model – it is the most common model used. Because of its shape, it can run faster than any other
boat model the high speed motor boats have this type of bottom.

MODIFIED SHARPIE SKIPJACK OR CHESAPEAKE

3. Flat – Bottom Model – it is the easiest model of boat to build. It only requires the fewest tools. It also classified
either as the SCOW, which is almost the same as a rectangular box. The PUNT which is improved and
developed scow having the bottom well rocked fore, aft, and flaring sides and raking transoms at the bow and
stern. And THE SKIFF which is marked by a sharp bow and has less rocker at the bottom. It also a traditionally
used in constructing small boats measuring up to 50 feet.

FISHING BOATS CAN ALSO CLASSIFIED ACCORDING TO HOW THEY ARE PROPELLED OR RUN
1. Motor Boat – it is propelled by an engine usually run by a gasoline. It is the fastest type of boat.
2. Sail Boat – it is propelled by sail. The speed is depending on the wind waves.
3. Oars Boat – it is propelled by oars mechanically moved by a boatman. It is a light type of boat.

ACCORDING TO TYPES OF CONSTRUCTION

CLINKER OR LAPSTRAKE BUILT – built with planks over lapping

and riveted together

CARVEL BUILT – built with planks meeting flush at the seams

 instead of overlapping

TYPES OF FISHING BOAT ACCORDING TO FISHING GEAR USED

1. Trawler Fishing Boat – it is used for deep water fishing and is usually bigger than the other types of boat. It
is propelled by a large engine. It has a trawl which is dragged in the bottom of the sea to catch fish.
2. Purse or Beach Seiner Fishing Boat –it is engine propelled. It is used in detecting and dragging fish
towards the seine and in positioning the seine in its proper place.
3. Gill Net and Trap Fishing Boat – it is associated with fishing device can be motor operated or not. It has a
single outrigger to facilitate throwing and pulling out gill nets.
4. Longline Fishing Boat – it has a large and wide deck, strong horse-powered engine and can sail fast. It is
also used in deep water fishing. It can catch a considerable amount of big fish like tuna and tambakol.
5. Pole and Line Vessel and Handline – it is associated with this method of fishing can be powered by a motor
or oars depending upon the body of water where it is to be used. It is excellent for catching carnivorous
fishes.
6. Bag net fishing boat – Used with the aid of artificial light and it is propelled by a strong engine. It is also
used in deep waters and can stay in the sea for a week.

PRINCIPLES OF FLOATATION
The fishing boat is one of the most valuable investments in fisheries and a good knowledge of its structure
and efficiency is also important for fisheries management. It is affected by the buoyant force of the water.
Archimedes observed that when a body is immersed in a liquid the body displaces some of the liquid to make room
for it and the body is pushed up by the liquid and seems to weigh-less than it does in the air. The Archimedes
principle stated that the body immersed in liquid seems to lose weight. This apparent loss of weight is exactly equal
to the weight of the fluid displaced by the body. The principle applies not only to bodies which float. Since the whole
weight of a floating body is supported by the fluid on which it rests, it is evident that such a body is pushed upward
by a force equal to its own weight and that the buoyant force which a liquid exerts on a body is equal to the liquid it
displaced. The law of floatation may be stated that a floating body displaces a weight of liquid to its own weight.
The number of times a substance is as heavy as an equal volume of water is called its specific gravity. All
substance having a specific gravity that is less than 1.00 will float on the water; all those having a specific gravity
that is greater than 1.00 will sink. A substance with a specific gravity of exactly 1.00 will float completely
submerged. The degree of submergence of a body in water will depend, therefore, upon its specific gravity.
CHARACTERISTICS OF FISHING BOAT

Fishing boat has peculiar functions different from ordinary boats. The catching of fish and transporting them
from sea to fishing port demands an efficient fishing unit, which can transport men to the fishing grounds where they
will use the gear to catch fish partially process or preserve them immediately and carry them to the port in their best
conditions. The boat to be totally effective must be well facilitated with fishing gear and other necessary materials to
harvest fish effectively. The boat must be suitable for a long distance navigation. It must be arranged to permit the
space to handle the fishing gear and catch, with equipment necessary to operate the gear and with means of
safekeeping the gear. It is required to have sufficient speed so as to look for and follow the fish school and is
required to save ample manoeuvrability during the searching and fishing operations.

a. Speed – it may be high or low speed depending on the kind of fishing operation involved.
b. Maneuverability – its movement must be easily controlled for efficient fishing operation.
c. High Resistance and Stability – it must have the capacity to withstand varied condition of weather and
sea.
d. Stoutness of Hull Structure and Construction – its hull structure and construction have to be strong
enough for the safety of the gears and crew on board and to be able to carry the catch to the home port
in the best condition.
e. Propulsion – its push must be forceful enough to meet the desired speed and horsepower, and to prolong
the usage or service of the hull structure.
f. Fish Hold or Storage – its ice keeping room or box should be fully insulated.
g. Fishing Equipments and Accessories or Components – its equipment and facilities have to be readily
available and capable to hasten the fishing operation and for distant navigation.
h. Navigation Distance – the size of the boat, its strength of materials and construction and loading capacity
for the specific number of fishing days.
PRINCIPAL DIMENSION OF FISHING BOAT
1. Length Over All – the horizontal distance from the bow end to stern end.
2. Extreme Breadth – the horizontal distance of the width in the broadest part of the boat.
3. Depth – the vertical distance from the base line to the free-board deck at the amidships section.
 Net Tonnage – is the amount of weight of a boat displaced after deduction.
NET TONNAGE FORMULA
Net tonnage (NT) = net volume of space x 0.353
GROSS TONNAGE
Gross tonnage (GT) = volume of enclosed space under upper deck
+ volume of enclosed space above upper deck
x 0.353 (metric system)
Japanese Formula
GT = L x B x D x 0.56
2.83
South Vietnamese and Thai formula
2
P+B
GT = 2 xLxC
Where C is Equals to - 0.060 (wooden boat) in South
0.064 (steel boat) Vietnam

0.058 (wooden boat) in Thailand

0.070 (steel boat

MODULE 4 – Part 3

I. Fishing Boat Defined

A fishing boat is an open vessel or water craft propelled by oars, sails and an engine. It is used in catching,
transporting or managing fish and other aquatic resources. It is the most important equipment in fish capture
especially in deep sea fishing.

Classes of Fishing Boat

1. Building Materials

a. Wood

b. Plywood

c. Steel

d. Galvanized Steel

e. Aluminum
 f. Plastics

g. Fabrics

2. Size

a. Length

b. Tonnage

b.1 Gross Tonnage- the total enclosed space of the vessel minus the space for ballast tanks and
galleys. Example: Passenger’s vessel
b.2 Displacement Tonnage- the weight of the ship with its normal full load. This is equal to the
weight of the water it displaces
Example: Naval Vessel
b.3 Deadweight Tonnage- the number of tons a vessel may carry in terms of supplies like water, fuel,
cargo, passengers and crews. Example: Freighters or Tankers

3. Form of the Hull or style of structure

a. Flat-Bottom model- this is the easiest to build. It requires fewer tools and the least hours of work
to complete in any given length. This model is traditionally used in constructing small boats like the
rowboats and light boat measuring up to 50 feet. They are usually unstable in rough water.

b. V- Bottom Model- This type is the most common model used by fisherfolks. It is characterized by
having a V-shaped bottom. Because of its shape, it can run faster than any other boat model. It is
stable and sea worthy.

c. Round- bottom Model- this model may be difficult to construct by most amateur boat builders.
However, this model is preferred than other models because it has hydrodynamic surfaces making
each part of the boat balanced. It tends to roll in rough waters.

4. Propulsion Methods

a. Motor boat- this type of boat is propelled by an engine usually run by gasoline. A motor boat is
fastest among the types of boats.

b. Oar boat- this type of boat is propelled by oars mechanically moved by a boatman. This type of
boat is light. The canoe and rowboat are good examples.

c. Sail boat- this is propelled by a sail which catches the wind. It depends on wind waves that cause
the sail to function.

5. Types of Construction
 Planking is the collective name for the planks that are joined to each other and to the frames to form the
hull and decks of a wooden boat. Several forms of planking were used for small boats in the traditional days of
wooden boatbuilding, the following being the most common:

a. Carvel planking, in which the ends and sides of the planks were butted to each other to form a
smooth outer surface. The seams were filled with caulking cotton and stopped with filling
compound.
b. Lapstrake or clinker planking, made famous by the Viking long ships, in which each plank slightly
overlapped the one below it. This provided great strength with light framing, and no caulking was
needed after the wood had absorbed water and swollen.
c. Double diagonal planking, consisting of two or more layers of planking laid at angles to one another.
The inner planking might be laid from keel to gunwale, for example, and the outer planking from
bow to stern. Unbleached calico, well oiled or varnished, was often inserted between the skins; the
result was a strong light hull.
d. Strip planking, in which thin pliable strips of wood, almost square in section, were laid on top of
each other and edge-nailed and glued in place. It made a strong hull without open seams and
needed only light frames.
e. Marine plywood sheets, which were cut to the shape of the hull and decks and fastened to the
frames. This was strong, light, and easy for amateur builders. The glue in the layers of plywood also
prevented deep penetration by wood-boring mollusks.
f. Modern wooden planking is likely to be slightly smaller in section because additional strength is
gained by sheathing it in fiberglass or other structural materials soaked in epoxy resin to make a
strong, light wood-epoxy composite. With epoxy to prevent wood from rotting and to unite many
strips of wood in a one-piece, or monocoque, structure, wooden boat building is very much with us,
although significantly transformed.

6. Types of fisheries involved

a. Trawler fishing Boat- this boat is used for deep water fishing and is usually bigger than other types of
boat. Fish trawls are moved upward by using a power block. Usually this type of fishing boat is supported by
another small boat for dragging fish and moving up trawls.

b. Purse or beach seine fishing Boat- this type of fishing boat is engine propelled. The boat is used in
detecting and dragging fish towards the seine and in positioning the seine in its proper place.

c. Gill net and trap fishing boat- this boat can be a motor or not. Usually it has a single outrigger to
facilitate throwing and pulling out gill nets and ease in collecting the fish caught.

d. Long Liner Fishing Boat- this type of fishing boat has a large and wide deck, strong horse-powered
engine, and can sail fast. The physical ability of the crew and engine power is important in this fishing boat
because the troll line can catch a considerable amount of big fish like tuna and tambakol.

e. Pole and line Vessel and Handliner- a handline and a pole and line are used in this type of fishing
boat. The boat can be powered by a motor or oars depending upon the body of water where it is to be used.

f. bag Net Fishing Boat- this type of fishing boat uses a fish net with a bunt. It is big and is propelled by
a strong engine.
II. Principles of Floatation

ARCHIMEDES' PRINCIPLE:
WHEN AN OBJECT IS IMMERSED IN A FLUID, THE UPTHRUST ON THE OBJECT IS
EQUAL TO THE WEIGHT OF THE FLUID DISPOLACED.

The buoyancy acting on the object due to water must exactly counteract the weight of the object, i.e. the two
have equal magnitude. So, a partially immersed object floats in a liquid when the buoyancy acting on it equals
the weight of the object. A large ship at sea floats precisely because the weight of the seawater it displaces,

An equivalent and useful criterion for flotation of any object is that it will float in a liquid, if the density of the
object is less than that of the liquid.

THE LAW OF FLOTATION:

A floating object displaces its own weight of the fluid in which it floats.

The object must make room for its own volume by pushing aside, or displacing, an equivalent (or equal) volume
of liquid. The object must make room for its own volume by pushing aside, or displacing, an equivalent (or
equal) volume of liquid. The object is exerting a downward force on the water and the water is therefore
exerting an upward force on the object. Of course the floating object's weight comes into play also. The solid
body floats when it has displaced just enough water to equal its own original weight.

This principle is called buoyancy. Buoyancy is the loss in weight an object seems to undergo when placed in a
liquid, as compared to its weight in air. Archimedes' principle states that an object fully or partly immersed in a
liquid is buoyed upward by a force equal to the weight of the liquid displaced by that object. From this principle,
he concluded that a floating object displaces an amount of liquid equal to its own weight.

*ships floating on water:

Any change in the density of the surrounding water affects the level at which ships float.
Fresh water is less dense than salt water. So a ship floats lower in fresh water than it does in salt water. Warm
water is les dense than cold water, so a ship floats lower in the water if the temperature rises.
A boat loaded to its maximum in cold, salty water could float dangerously low if sailing in low warm water. To
prevent this, all ships now have 'maximum load' or Plimsoll lines marked on their side

iii. Parts of a Fishing Boat

Super Structure- a cubicle found almost at the center of a fishing boat where engine is located.
Hull- the main body of the boat
Bow- front part of the boat
Stern- the rear portion of the boat
Starboard- the right side of the boat
Port side- the left side of the boat
Mast- the longitudinal pole made of timber, steel or bamboo rising from the keel to the deck. In a sailboat it
is the part that holds the sail
Gunwale or Rail- the part where the outrigger beam is attached. It is made of wood and is placed above the
last plank of the boat to achieve good finish
 Propeller- the part responsible for running a motorboat. It is connected to the engine by shaft
Rudder- the part of a motorboat located near the propeller. It is attached to the pivot or tiller and is
responsible for directing the boat to any desired direction
Waterline- the part of the boat which represents the level reached by the water surface on the side of the
boat
Deck- the floor-like platform of a big fishing boat where fish caught are hauled and collected from the net
Outrigger- the part of the boat usually made of bamboo and placed diagonally on boat with a parallel
portion connecting each other to keep the boat balance. This can be also can be used in putting down nets
Frame- the part of the boat where planking is nailed. It is also the structure that gives the boat a transverse
shape and rigidity
Stay- a rope or steel which connects the upper part of the mast and the outrigger beam. This holds the mast
in place.
Keel- the inner bottom part of the boat
Planking- the wood used as siding of the boat
Tiller- handle by which the rudder is controlled
Stem- the elongation of the bow and stern

iv. Characteristics of a Fishing Boat

for municipal fishing boats

must be safe and seaworthy with high stability

must have strong resistance to against strong winds and waves

for commercial fishing boats:

must be well facilitated with fishing gear and other necessary materials to harvest fish effectively

gear must be suitable to the species of fish one is after

suited for long distance navigation

must be supplied to travel to and from the fishing ground and to operate while fishing

must be arranged to permit the necessary stowage and transport of caught fish and gears

required to have sufficient speed so as to look and follow the schools of fish

required to have ample maneuverability during the searching and fishing operations

the engine is required to be powerful enough and preferably small in size to fit into the limited space

general characteristics

1) Speed- it may be either high or low speed, depending on the kind of fishing operation involved.
 2) Maneuverability- its movement must be easily controlled for efficient fishing operation

3) High Resistance and Stability- it must have the capacity to withstand varied conditions of weather and
seas

4) Stoutness of Hull Structure and Construction- its hull structure and construction have to be strong
enough for the safety of the gears and crew on board and to be able to carry the catch to home port in
best condition

5) Propulsion- its push must be forceful enough to meet the desired speed and horsepower, and to prolong
the usage or service of the hull structure

6) Fish Hold/Storage- its ice keeping room or box should be fully insulated

7) Fishing equipment and Accessories or Components- its components and facilities have to be readily
available and capable to hasten the fishing operation and for distant navigation

8) Navigation Distance- primarily, the size of the boat, its strength of materials and construction and loading
capability for the specific number of fishing days should all be relative to the distance its navigating

A watercraft is a vehicle, vessel or craft designed to move across (or through) water, including saltwater and
freshwater, for pleasure, recreation, physical exercise, commerce, transport and military missions. It is derived
from the term "craft" which was used as term to describe all types of water going vessels.

Most watercraft would be described as either a ship or a boat. However, there are a number of craft which many
people would consider neither a ship nor a boat, such
as: canoes, kayaks, rafts, barges, catamarans, hydrofoils, windsurfers, surfboards (when used as a paddle
board), jet skis, underwater robots, seaplanes, and torpedoes.

Although ships are typically larger than boats, the distinction between those two categories is not one of size per
se.

 Ships typically are large ocean-going vessels. Boats are smaller and travel most often on inland or
coastal waters.
 A rule of thumb says "a boat can fit on a ship, but a ship can't fit on a boat", and a ship usually has
sufficient size to carry its own boats, such as lifeboats, dinghies, or runabouts.
 Local law and regulation may define the exact size (or the number of masts) that distinguishes a ship from
a boat.
 Traditionally submarines were called "boats", perhaps reflecting their cramped conditions: small size
reduces the need for power, and thus the need to surface or snorkel for a supply of the air that running diesel
 engines requires; in contrast, nuclear-powered submarines'reactors supply abundant power without
consuming air, and such craft are large, much roomier, and classed as ships.
 A ship is any floating craft that transports cargo for the purpose of earning revenue; in that context, a
passenger ship's "cargo" is its passengers. However, neither fishing boats nor ferries are considered ships,
though both carry cargo (their catch of the day or passengers) and ferries carry lifeboats.
A boat is a watercraft of modest size designed to float or plane, to provide passage across water. Usually this
water will be inland (lakes) or in protected coastal areas. However, boats such as the whaleboat were designed to
be operated from a ship in an offshore environment. Innaval terms, a boat is something small enough to be
carried aboard another vessel (a ship). Strictly speaking and uniquely a submarine is a boat as defined by
the Royal Navy. Some boats too large for the naval definition include the Great Lakes
freighter, riverboat, narrowboat and ferryboat.

A ship (  Audio (US) (help·info)) is a large vessel that floats on water. Ships are generally distinguished
from boats based on size and cargo or passenger capacity. In traditional terms, ships were considered to be
vessels which had at least one continuous water-tight deck extending from bow to stern. However, some modern
designs for ships, and boats, have made that particular definition less accurate. Ships may be found
on lakes, seas, and rivers and they allow for a variety of activities, such as the transport of
people or goods, fishing, entertainment, public safety, and warfare.