You Be the Editor T i

CHAPTER
,*-
P Read the loll;wing letter' lt contains eight
them. Then ret{rite the conected lstter'
mistakes' Find the mistakes and conect

il v 11

il Comparing
il and Contrasting
il Similarities and Differences

F Very often in your writing you vrill need to show horv things are simiiar or
different. When you compare [q'o things, you show how they are similar.

fH
!7hen you contrast two things, you show how they are different.

A. Study these two pictures. Look for similarities and differences.

c
@@ L

fl
il

On Your Own I

Wrlte a paragraph glving your opinlon

.
on one of the foltowlng toplcs'

malrying someone ofa different religion

H qt

.
.
earing a vegetarian diet
what society should do about crime
H
. allowing women to serve in the military
f, lffil
a" )

H il€{ ww oort , uft

THAI CXAIL]E
\bu

H
( A1ORE OROWH ?

a ,,/]

t
T
CHAPTER 1O
T COI!4PANING AND CONTRAST NG 93
 Negative sentences with &e oerb be
Slmllarltios Dlf{eronces
The blue dress isn't expensive. The green dress isn,t expensive.
a. The blue dress isn't expensive, qagt the green dress isn,t,9$91
b. The blue dress isn't expensive, 4qg[ neither lt the green dress.
Nesative 6entences with oiqr eerbs
Owls don't sleep at night. Mice don't sleep at night.
a. Owls don't sleep at night, anclmice dont either,
b. Owls don't sleep at night, ga{ neither do mice.
Comparing
Practice uslng these st.uctures. Follow the example.
Example
RECOGNIZING SIMILARITIES
A. Read the model paragraph. Ann runs four miles a dav. Beth ruos four miles a day,
. Ann runs four nilcs a day ana 6cth docs tao.

Ann and Beth are identical twins, so it's easy to understand the b. Aflh runs four mllqt a .lay eA! 90 docs gcth
embarrassiog mistake I made yesterday. I was planning to ask Ann for a date,
but it rumed out l asked Beth. The two sisters look exactly alike. Both girls Mark plays rhe piano. Dave plays thc piano
ale tall and thin with short curly brown hair. They also have the same unusual a.
blue-green eye color. ln addition, Ann wears gold-rimmed glasses and so does
Beth. Finally, both Ann and Beth have freckles. I wouldn't be surprised if they b.
even have the exact same number of'freckles, Now I have ro explain my
mistake to both of them. 2. The bank opens at 9 A.M. The grocery srore opens at 9 A.M

B. What characteristics about Ann and Beth does the paragraph compare? b.

3. Jamaica is sunny and l.:eauriful. Hawaii is sunny and beautiful.

a

b.

4. Peter doesn't smoke. AIex doesn,t smoke.

THE I.-ANGUAGE OF COMPARISON
a
English uses special seoteoce patterns to make comparisons
b
A, Study the tollowlng patterns of comparison using and.
A{firmative sentences with l,c oqb be 5. Skiing is an exciting sporr. Surfing is an exciting sport.
Ann is a student. Beth is a student. a
a. Aon is a student ansl Beth is tpq. b
b. Ann is a studenr allloo is Berh.
6. The Brcwns don't havc a car. Thc Johnsons don'r llu{," r.o,,
Affirmative sentences with other verbs
a-
Japan exports cars. Germany exports cars,
lr.
a. Japan cxporrs cars and Germany does 199.
b. Japrn exports cars 41! 5q does Cerrnlny.

CHAPTER 11

COMPARING ANO CONTRASTING 95

 ?. Tunis is an old city. Cairo is an old ciry
a

b
I 1. Mary is five feet tall John is five feet
a. (noun: fuighr)
tall

b. (adjective: all)
8 Suzan.re lives in a small apartment Amanda lives in a small apartment
2. This car costs $8,500. That car coss
$g,-500.
a.
a. (noun: pnte)
b.
b. (adjective: experuive)
9 Charlie isn't friendly. Liz isn't friendly.
3. My house has eight rooms. Your house
has eight rooms.
a.
a. (noun: size)
b.

til
b. (adjective: Eig)
10. Children need love. Adults need love
4 Jeffrey was born in 19g2. paul was born in l9g2
a
a. (noun:4ge)
b
b. (adjective: old)

t
Et, Now study these patterns of comparison 5. This story is seven ty pages long. That
story is seventy pagcs long
the some + noun + gJ a. (noun: length)

t
Carla speaks the same lanpuage as Jos6. b. (adjective: long)
(noun)
6 The teacher speaks loudly. The student
This book is the same plica as that one speaks loudly
a. (noun: t,oice)
My house is the same cqlor as yours.

f b. (adverb: loldf )
os + adjective/adverb
Sam is as tall as his father.
+cs

t SIGNAL WOROS OF COMPAFIISON

rfl
(adjective) English uses many other special wotds
and phrases to show compa.ison

Pam is as lerieu! as Anne. A.

Women's clothes are as gxDetrsile as men's clothes.
Study the folowing list:
I\i,
Dick drives as carefullv as Mary.
(adverb) both similar

Charlotte dresscs as ggll cs Stephanie.

H have...incommon
like
similar to

I
the same
Practic€ using thoso pattorns. Follow the examplo
slmilarly likewise
Example

Danoy weighs 185 lbs Arthur weighs 185 lbs

a. (noun: uerght) I
r
Danny is thc samc wei ahl, ae Arthur.
h. (rdjecrive, lrcot l) Oanny io a5 haaw ag Ar"hur.

'
CHAPTER 11
T COMPARING AAIO CONTRASTING
 B Read thg following mod,/,1 paragraph and underllno all lhe oxpressions o,
4 The Reporf€, is very conservative and so is The
comparlson. ; Moniror. (both)

The Reputet u:dThe Monitor are very similar weekly magazines. Firsr of all, il 5. Both magazines are translated into ten languages. (as.
. . as)

they have many sections in common. For example, both magazines have

secrions oo politics, finance, science, and culture. ln addition, both of these

H B. Writ€ a sentence ot comparlson for each of the lollowing
palrs of wods Use a

H
variety of structures and vocabulary.
popular magazines cost $4.99, and both are rcad by millions of people around
Example
the vrorld, They also have the same cove! stoty almost every week, and they The Empire State Building / the Statue of Liberty
usually review the same books and movies in their culture sections. Another
H Ihe Ernoire Slatc O uildin4 io in New York Cirv an4
oo i5 th e 1talue of Libert\

similarity between the two magazines is their point ofview. The Reporter

consewative and so is Tfu Monicor. Finally, both magazines are translated into

ten languages.
is very

tH 7
l. England / United Srates

Abraham Lincoln / John E Kennedy

I 3. lemons / bananas

r
(:. Make a list o, the slmilarities between the two magazlnes.

4. tennis / ping poog

r 5. chernistry / biology

I^./RITING COMPARATIVE SENTENCES

A These sentences are basgd on the paragraph above, Combine thg sentences using
the words ln parentheses. You may need to reter back lo the paragraph.
Example
rII c Write ,our sentences comparing Jane Wexler and Ruth
Friedman. Base your
comparisons on the intormation provided on their driver,s
licenses.

The Monitor and The Reporter are both weekly magazines. (and so)
lh. u,'1lt,t i6 a w..klv madaaln. anA 6a ic fh. R.nart..
t D RIVER
;S

Eye color:
LI CENS E
Hair color:
B].ack
DR IV E R s LICI'N SE

I ffi
Eye colo ri
t. Both Tfu Monitor and The Reporter are weekly magazines. (and so) Date ol Birth a Halr color:
Helght: 6 t7Ol5L Blact
5'3" H ei gh ti
Oate ol Birthl
5 3
6/30/61

I
2. The Montor and Tlw Reporter report on political, financial, and cultural events Jane Wexler R U ih riedma
of the world. (and . . . too)

3. Both magazincs cosr $4.99. (the sarne . . . as)

I
! 3

I CHAPTER 11 :
COMPARING AND CONTRASTING 99
 E). Study the followlng sds, Wdte four sentences ol comparlson based on your
observatigns and the lnlormation provlded. F
t
2

",.,,fr?*frTpo=, roi.,llo!.,;J,sff l:;tl"lll,":,r,1,:,":i,If :?

my dogs are smart and can do lors of tri.tr.
command. Another similariw is rhar both -fo. "*".pt",
f;;i;;';ii ;.,."
L 0ur, e 5 dogs are pickv eaters Thev onlv

lr
lik. th;;"rr';;;;:,il;.|ooi."'"
Ladies' a

il
fitfllenecl<
L6dlet, b
turtlenc<k c

**'' *nn" o'u* Sizcs 4-14

i"o,
Ed, Drry, whirc,
8r.co
WFffiNG A PAR/AGR/APH OF COMPARTSON
s34.99 $34.99 ; Prewrlttng
A Study thls blographlcal informaflon about two
lmportant Amerlcans, Bsnjamln
Franklln and Thomas Jetferson.
1
.
BENJAMIN FRANKLIN
?
t706-1790
3 r founded Universiry of pennsvlvania
4
. helped write Declaration of Independence
. important person in American
\^/RITING TOPIC SENTENCES FOR COMPARISON PARAGRAPHS t Rlvolution
. well.known philosopher and thinker
. ambassador ro France
'When you write
the topic sentence for a comparison paragraph, yor-r muJr state the two
rhings that you are comparing.
r THOMAS JEFFERSON
17,$-1826
o
A.
I
Look at the followlng sample toplc sentences. author of Declararion of lndeDendence
. third Presidenc of Unired Staiei
Time and Netlsureek are very similar weekly magazines, o

r
foreign Minister to France
Time and Neusrreel have several things in common. o founded Universiry of Virginia
Time and Neqrsurcei< are alike in many ways. o philosopher, architecr, invientor
Time and Neursureek sha(e maoy similariries. . played important role in American Revolution
Time is similar to Neqrsrueei< in several ways.

B. Write three different topic sentences ror each of the rollowing paragraphs.

L
I Et Make a llst of the similarities between the two men

n,^ia ,,'o* or.r'. y.*-t ,ypi."t a.yi,*ti;i';f,t;.il:ftil*il' :

abor-rt92 degrees Fahrenheit " (33 degrees Celsius) rvith humidity of 99 percent.
lt also rains a lot d,.rring the summer in Short Hills and White Plains. The
evenings and nighls are warm in both places. :
a

b
c
r
I
O CHAPTER 11
r COMPARING ANO CONTRASTN:
 wrtung I
Wrlting
C. Complets the paragraph comparing these lwo lamous Am€rlcans. Use your llst of
c Now wrlte a paragraph ol comparlscn. Be sure to identify
slmllarltles as a gulde. the two things you ars
comparlng in the topic sentence. Then use the list of similarities
from ; as your
Bcnjamin Franklin and Thomas Jefferson have many things in common. guide.

- READY
TO WRITE

Revlslng
Revlslng
r,. F€ad over your paragraph and look for ways lo improvo iL Use the revising
D. Flead over your paragraph and look for ways to imprgve
it. Use ths revising
checklist on page 44 to help you. Elevise your paragraph and
checklist on page 44 lo help you. Revlss your paragraph and then rewrlte it then rewrite lt.

INOIVIDUAL ACTI\/ITY Contrastin s

Prewriung When you describe the differences between two people, places, or
things, you are
contrasting them.
A. Choose one ol the followlng toplcs to aompare
. two similar movies you have seen
. two similar restaumnrs you have been to RECOGNIZING DIFFEFIENCES
o two similar teachers you have had
. A. Read the fofiowing modet paragraph
two similar sports you enroy
. two similar people you know
When Michael was in Sedona last week, he ate ar two very different
B Belore you begin to write the first draft of your paragraph, make a list of similarltles restauranrs. He had lunch at Cantina Iraliana and di"""r ar th.
Ciiv.id" b"fe.
between the two lhings you are comparing. (Look back at the lists of words to First of all, the food at Cantina was delicious, but ,"fo.";*,"tv,'ii"-fia
describe people, things, and places in Chapter 9.) t Cityside was terrible. The atmosphere at Cantina tt"ti"n" *"r'au"t -1",,".
,,
than the one at Cityside. Canrina was clean and quicr, however, the
Cirvside
Caf€ was dirty and noisp The server at the Canrina ti"ti"",
polite than rhe server ar Ciryside. In fact the server r, Cirvsid" "r"r--uJrnor.
*",-qJire
l,inally, rhe meal ac Cityside Caf6 was much more expensive rhan the -a".
meal at
Cantina.. Michael will always remember his deli;ious frn.i,-ri C".tir"
Iratiana, bul he can\ wair to forger his terrible drnner ar Ciryside Caf6.

B Make a list of the ditlerences between th€ two restaurants.

Cantlna ltallana Cttystde Caf6

l.

CHAPTER 11
COMPARING AND COMTRAST1NG .I03
 THE I..ANGUAGE OF CONTRAST
Adiectives that are used rc describe rhe differences between two
people or things are
HJ 3. The third chapter is very difficult. The fourth chapter isnt as difficult.

calied compatative adlectives.

H 4. Ann driver. Paul isn't

t
is a very careful a very careful driver
A. Read the model Paragrsph.

Sue aod Linda are sisters' but they are different in many ways - For

;iil'il;r.'
;;;;";ii*.
darker eyes and longer hair than
different. Sue is more
one
thins. theit physical appearances are very different Sue is raller-and thinner
'ii"a, hrt Sue- Their
serious and more ambitious than
t SIGNAL WORDS OF CONTRAST
English uses many signal words to show contrast.

T
are also
LtJ.-ah" is a berter srudent because she studies hatder than her sister' on
J" othe. hand, Linda is more creative and more social than Sue' although Althorrgh my mother is talkative, my father is quiet.
My mother

T
how€ver is talkati're. Hor.r,ever, my father is quiet.

To form comparative adjectives, follow these rules:

on the other hand My mother is talkative. On tie otier hand, my father is
quiet.
Add --+r to one-syllahle adiectives
hard--->t,arder H brrt
y€t
My mother
My mother
is
is
talkative, but my father is quiet.
talkative, 1er my larher is quiet.

Add ier to adjectives that end io

busy---+- busie r
f
T ditferent ,rom My mother's personaliry
personality.
is dillerent from my father!

H
unlike Unlike my motheq my father is quiet.
Add more in front of longer adjectives
beau tifu[ ---+- more beautiful

Nore these common exceptions:

adroctlves Comparatlvg Adrectlves

H Underline the 6lgnal words that show contrast ln the paragraph below.

Tfu

H
Reporter and Style Magalinc are very different weekly magazioes. Fitst of
god better all, they have different sections. The Repotter has sections on polirics, finance;
better science, and culture. On the other hand, Style has sections on fashion, home

t
well
bad worSe decorating, cooking, and gardening. In addition, The Reportef cosrs $3.50 per issuc,
fat farther, further bur Srlle cosrs $5.00 per issue. Finally, The Reponer is translated into ten languages,
but Srylt is only in English.
B. Reread the model paragraph and underlin€ the comparative adjectives'

H
tI
C. Praclice using comparative patterns. Follow lhe example'
WRITING CONTRAST SENTENCES
Examplc:
Write a sentence ol contrast for each ot ths following pairs o, words.
Gary weighs t?8 lbs. Cerald weighs 165 lbs'
Example feathcr / rock
Gary ie heavier than Gcfila
A fealher ie liahLet lhan a ock
l. fhe Nile is 4,145 miles (6,669 kilomerers) long The Amazon is 3,915 miles
(6,299 kilcmeters) long.
H 1. Alaska / Florida

2. Mr. Everesr is 29,025 fect (8,84? mctcrs) high. Mt. Fuji is 12,389 feet
( t, / /0 urcters) lllllr'
,I 2. airplane / rrain

CIiAPTER 11
iiI (]ONIPARINT: ANIN
'^
 3. classical murrc / rock 'n' roll
t
4. Volkswagen / Rolls Royce rI A Trtp to Hawa

t
ProwrlUng
trh to Hawaii' You lound these advertls€m€nts ln
L Vo, una . t,i"nd are plannlng a
the newspaper. Read the advertiiements'
5. ice cream / rice

WR]TING TOPIC SENT,ENCES FOR CONTRAST PAFAGRAPHS

T EUNE
HAWAIIAN TI.ING
when you wtite the topic sentence for a contrast paragraph you must state thc trto
things dut you atc confalting.
lrl e,r'e,

I
ftJtt

F Length: DAYr,7 XIGHT'

A. Look at tho lollowlng list of samplo loplc se encas.

:

I
. wel(ome Fany
Tfu Reporter and Srllc ire very different rveckly magzines. i deluxe hotcl a<<ommodations
.
Tlrc Rcptar aod Srlh are differcat in rnany ways. . vklt to two ltlands
Tlu Reporter and Styh have many differcnces. (Oahu and fulaul)

B.
Tlc Reporrzr and Stlh differ in several *ays.

Write three dilfercnt toplc sentences lor eaclr of the tollowing paragraphs.
Il . br€akfatt and dinnet
. ttansponatlon to and
. lrom rirPo.t
l. [irst of ail, the tempera(ure io
--. is usually horter than it is in Eastfalls. In Westland it .is often in the
Wesrland
I . guided tourt around
ea<h Irland

ETEI
nineties, but in Easdatli, the tempetature rarely goes above eighty. Secondly,
the humidity k much highcr in Westland than tt is in Eastfalls. [t rains a lot in
Vestland; however, it is usually dry in Eastfalls. Overall, the weather io
I lryi.geunnl'i1ywrmfun

HAWAII
Eastfalls is more pleasant.

I ..

r
a.

b.

c.
Tr teng6:
,?"*,$2899
t5 oiy:,
ln.ll,dcr '
14 nlght5 ffv
'y- . wel(ome party :,
2
air"ffi."iffi:; :uiJHI: o o,* I . deluxc holel .
.vi3ir to two itl;ndl (Odhu and Maui)
. breakflst and dinnet
and shaggy. Another difference is their personality. Fluff'y is very fricndly
and loves peoplc. On thc other hand, Shane is shy and afraid ofpeople.
I .. lrar-lrpoitatlin to and
. ailPort

r
{rqm :
Finally, my two dogs differ in their intelligence. Unlike Shane, Fluffy ls
smart and cao do lots of tricks.
a.

b,

I B Mak€ a list o, ditferences between the two trips'

r
c.

1r