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(ANCOVA)
Psicología Experimental
Qué necesitamos:
Covariable CV
• Al menos de intervalo
Ejercicio 1
3. In a computer literacy class, the instructor wished to determine if students’
learning was different due to different teaching methods. Three methods
(encouragement, practice and drill, and self-directed learning) were used in three
classes. To better account for the teaching method effect, the instructor decided to
measure students’ IQ as a covariate. He administered an IQ test at the beginning of
the study and a computer literacy test after the study was concluded.
Self-Directed
Encouragement Practice and Drill
Learning
Test IQ Test IQ Test IQ
16 114 17 107 13 112
15 113 15 96 11 104
14 105 18 128 14 111
15 110 17 115 11 105
17 126 19 127 12 103
13 94 18 105 14 113
Hipótesis Estadísticas
Variable Dependiente
H0: H1: H0: H1:
µ𝐸𝑛 = µ𝑃𝐷 = µ𝑆𝐷 µ𝐸𝑛 ≠ µ𝑃𝐷 ≠ µ𝑆𝐷 σ2𝐸𝑛 = σ2𝑃𝐷 = σ𝑆𝐷
2
σ2𝐸𝑛 ≠ σ2𝑃𝐷 ≠ σ𝑆𝐷
2
Covariable
H0: H1: H0: H1:
µ𝐶𝑉𝐸𝑛 = µ𝐶𝑉𝑃𝐷 = µ𝐶𝑉𝑆𝐷 µ𝐶𝑉𝐸𝑛 ≠ µ𝐶𝑉𝑃𝐷 ≠ µ𝐶𝑉𝑆𝐷 σ2𝐶𝑉𝐸𝑛 = σ2𝐶𝑉𝑃𝐷 = σ2𝐶𝑉𝑆𝐷 σ2𝐶𝑉𝐸𝑛 ≠ σ2𝐶𝑉𝑃𝐷 ≠ σ2𝐶𝑉𝑆𝑑
Preparación de los Datos
Encouragement Practice and Drill Self-Directed Learning
Nx 18
Nxy 18
𝐴𝑥𝑦 = σ 𝑌𝑖 ∗ 𝑋𝑖
Ny 18 Ax 1988
Ay 269 Bx 21114 Axy 29951 σ σ 𝑌𝑖 ∗ σ 𝑋𝑖
By 4119 Cx 219638,7 Bxy 29782 𝐵𝑥𝑦 =
Cy 4090,17 Corrección x 219563,6 𝑛
Corrección Y 4020,06 Corrección xy 29709,56 𝐴𝑦 ∗ 𝐴𝑥
Media Cov 110,44 𝐶𝑜𝑟𝑟𝑒𝑐𝑐𝑖ó𝑛𝑥𝑦 =
𝑁𝑥𝑦
Media VD 14,94
Tabla Fuente - Covariable
Fuente SC gl CM F FC η2
Entre 75,1 2 37,56 0,382 3,682 NS
Intra 1475,3 15 98,36
Total 1550,4 17
Nx 18
Prueba de Varianza Ax 1988
Bx 21114
Fmáx 8,15 Cx 219638,7
FmáxC 33 Corrección x 219563,6
Fuente SC gl CM F FC η2
Entre 70,1 2 35,06 18,24 3,682 0,709
Intra 28,8 15 1,92
Total 98,9 17
Ny 18
Ay 269
Prueba de Varianza By 4119
Cy 4090,17
Fmáx 5,65 Corrección Y 4020,06
FmáxC 37
Media VD 14,94
Tabla Fuente - Interacción
Fuente SC gl CM F FC η2
Entre 72,44 2 36,22 3,21 3,682 NS
Intra 169 15 11,27
Total 241,44 17
Fuente SC gl CM F FC η2
Entre 51,87 2 25,94 38,32 3,739 0,846
Intra 9,47 14 0,68
Total 61,35 16
𝑆𝐶𝑡𝑜𝑡𝑎𝑙𝑥𝑦 2
𝑆𝐶𝑡𝑜𝑡𝑎𝑙 = 𝑆𝐶𝑡𝑜𝑡𝑎𝑙𝑦 −
𝑆𝐶𝑡𝑜𝑡𝑎𝑙𝑥
𝑆𝐶𝑖𝑛𝑡𝑟𝑎𝑥𝑦 2
𝑆𝐶𝑖𝑛𝑡𝑟𝑎 = 𝑆𝐶𝑖𝑛𝑡𝑟𝑎𝑦 −
𝑆𝐶𝑖𝑛𝑡𝑟𝑎𝑥
𝑆𝐶𝑒𝑛𝑡𝑟𝑒 = 𝑆𝐶𝑡𝑜𝑡𝑎𝑙 − 𝑆𝐶𝑖𝑛𝑡𝑟𝑎
Comparación – Efecto Covariable
Tabla Fuente para VD
Fuente SC gl CM F FC η2
Entre 70,1 2 35,06 18,24 3,682 0,709
Intra 28,8 15 1,92
Total 98,9 17
𝑆𝐶𝑇𝑜𝑡𝑎𝑙𝑥𝑦 𝑆𝐶𝑇𝑜𝑡𝑎𝑙𝑥𝑦
𝑟𝑇𝑜𝑡𝑎𝑙 = 𝑏𝑇𝑜𝑡𝑎𝑙 =
𝑆𝐶𝑇𝑜𝑡𝑎𝑙𝑥
𝑆𝐶𝑇𝑜𝑡𝑎𝑙𝑦 ∗ 𝑆𝐶𝑇𝑜𝑡𝑎𝑙𝑥
Ajuste de Medias
GMcv
110,44
Contraste a Posteriori Ajustado
Cálculo del HSD Tabla de Diferencia de Medias
(17,04) (12,78)
q 3,70
PD SD
HSD 1,24
(15,01) En 2,03* 2,23*
(17,04) PD - 4,26*
Gráfico de Duncan