UNIT-I

1. Define management
A) Management is the art of knowing what you want to do and then seeing that is done in the best and
cheapest way. Management is the art of getting things done through and with the people in formally
organized groups.

2. Brief about planning function.

A) Planning is the process of “thinking before doing”. It is determination of goals, as well as activities
required undertaken to achieve the goals. Planning consists of selecting the various organizational goals,
policies, programmes, procedure, and other means of achieving the goals.

3. Write the 14 principles proposed by Henry Fayol.

A) Various principles of management are as follows:
 Division of work
 Authority and Responsibility
 Discipline
 Unity of command
 Unity of direction
 Subordinates of individual interest to general interest
 Remuneration of personnel
 Centralization
 Scalar chain
 Order
 Equity
 Stability of tenure
 Initiative
 Esprite de Corps

4. Define management as a science and art.
A) Management as Science and art: Science means body of knowledge acquired by making through
experiments. Art means application of skills in finding desired results. There is controversy whether
management is science or art. However, management is both a science and an art.

5. What are the three levels of management?

A) The three levels of management in view of authority and responsibility relationship are
Top Level Management: It consists of Board of Directors and the Chief executive or the Managing
Director.
Middle Level Management: It consists of departmental managers, such as production manager, finance
manager, marketing manager, foremen, and others
Lower Level Management: It consists of Supervisors, Foremen, Accounts officers, and Sales officers and
so on.
6. Who is leader?
A) A leader is characterized by his vision,ability to inspire followers, communication skills, personality
characteristics such as appearance ,high energy levels,adaptability, aggressiveness, enthusiasm, self
confidence, initiative and a capacity to convert unfavourable situation to a favourable one.

7. What are the different styles of leadership?

A) There are three different styles of leadership styles.
 Autocratic or Authoritarian style
 Democratic or participating style
 Free-rein style
8. Define Line and Staff organization.
Ans)       Line and staff organization refers to a pattern in which staff specialists advice line
manages to perform that duties when the work of an executive increases , its performance
requires the services of specialists which he himself cannot provide because of his limited
capabilities on these fronts.

9. Define Committee organization structure.

Ans) A committee is a group of people who meet by plan to discuss or to make a decision for a
particular problem or subject.
10.Write any two Features of committee organization.
Ans) 1. A committee as a group of persons. It implies that there should be at least two persons.
There are no limitations on the maximum number of persons in a committee.
2. Members of the committee draw authority though delegation. The authority of members is
usually expressed in terms of one for each member for deciding the matters.
11. Write two merits of Committee organization structure.
Ans) 1. Integrated group knowledge and judgement.
2. Representation of different interest groups.
12. Write two demerits of Committee organization structure.
Ans) 1. High cost: Constitution of a committee may be costly both in terms of time and money.
Committee meetings may take time of various managers which can be spent otherwise for the
organization.
2. Splitting of Responsibility: People work more efficiently when they have clear authority
and responsibility. A major drawback in committee decision is that it splits the responsibility and
no member really feels responsible for group action.
13. Define Departmentation.
Ans) Departmentation is a means of dividing the large functional organisation into smaller,
flexible administrative units. It makes grouping of activities into units and sub-units created
through departmentation which are known as department, division, section, branch etc.
14. Define decentralization.
Ans)Decentralization is the process of redistributing or dispersing functions, powers, people or
things away from a central location or authority.
15. Define power.
Ans) Power can be defined as the ability of a person or a group to influence the beliefs and
actions of other people, and to influence or control actions or events. Power is the possession or
the ability or the right to control the actions and performances of others either by authority or by
other means.
16. Define Authority.
Ans) Authority is the right given to a person or a post to achieve particular objectives. It is the
right to get things done by others, to take decisions and give orders and get obedience from them.
It comes from the duties and responsibilities awarded to a position holder in any official
structure.
17. Difference between power and authority.
Ans) The main difference between power and authority is the degree of control and influence
they offer to the possessor. While authority is the sanctioned right given to a person to get things
done in an official capacity, power is the ownership of authority and control to influence the
opinions, movements and behaviors of others.
18. Define responsibility.
Ans) Responsibility is the duty of the person to complete the task assigned to him.
19. Define delegation of authority.
Ans) Delegation of Authority means division of authority and powers downwards to the subordinate.
20. Write principles for effective delegation of authority.
Ans ) 1. Determine what you will delegate.
2. Choose the right person to delegate the task to.
3. Clarify the desired results.
4. Clearly define the employee's responsibility and authority as it relates to the delegated task.
5. Establish a follow up meeting or touch points.
 UNIT-II
1) Define materials.
A) Materials refer to inputs into the production process, most of which are embodied in the finished
goods being manufactured. It may be raw materials, work-in-progress, finished goods, spare parts and
components, operating supplies such as lubricating oil, cleaning materials, and others required for
maintenance and repairs.
2) Meaning of inventory

A) Inventory refers to all the physical stocks, which have economic value. It covers the items i.e. own
stores, in addition to the materials in transit and materials in process.

3) Definition of Inventory control:

Inventory control is defined as “the scientific method of providing the right type of material at the right
time in the right quantities and at right place to sustain the given production schedules”. Inventory
control is essentially concerned with two aspects:

 Minimizing investments for the organization in the materials, and

 Maximizing the service levels to the customers and its own operating departments.

4. Define materials management.

Materials management is the process of planning, organizing and controlling the materials in a given
organization. Material management as the management of the flow of materials in to an organization to
the point, where, those materials are converted in to the firm’s end product.
5. What is the Need for inventory control?
The need for inventory control in the organizations is mainly due to the benefits derived such as:
 Reduction in investment on inventory.
 Proper and efficient use of raw materials.
 Ensures against scarcity of materials in the market.
 No interruption in production.
 Avoids over stocking.
 Eliminates the possibility of duplicate stocking.
 Economy in purchasing.
 Helps in minimizing loss due to deterioration, obsolescence and damage.
6. Draw a graph & write the formula of EOQ.

Graphical representation of EOQ: Total cost (TC)

Carrying cost (C)

Annual cost

Order cost (O)

EOQ Order quantity.

EOQ =  2AO / C.

Where,A=Annual demand

S=size of each order (units per orders)

O=ordering cost per unit
C=carrying cost per unit
7. Write the stages of Product Life Cycle.
A) There are stages of PLC:
 Introduction stage
 Growth stage
 Maturity stage
 Declining stage

8. Define marketing.
A) Marketing is the performance of business activity that direct the flow of goods and services from
production centre to consumption centre.
- American Marketing Association.
Marketing as societal process by which individuals and groups obtain what they need and want through
creating, offering and freely exchanging products and services of value with others.-Philip Kotler
9. Write about selling & marketing concepts.
A) The selling concept:
Selling refers to the act of transferring the ownership of the goods and services from the seller to buyer.
Selling is the term applied to the process of distributing goods from producer to consumer.Most of the
firms practice the selling concept when they have over capacity. Their aim is to sell what they make
rather than make what they market wants.
The marketing concept:
The marketing concept holds that key to achieve its organizational goals consists of the company being
more effective and efficient in determining the needs, wants, interests of the target markets and
delivering the desired satisfactions than the competitors. It is a customer centric approach which
focuses on customer needs and wants and not on the product.
10. What are the elements of marketing mix?
A) Elements of marketing mix are:
 Product
 Price
 Promotion
 Place
11. Define plant Location.
A) “Plant location is the function of determining where the plant should be located for maximum
operating economy and effectiveness”
- Prof. R.C. Davis

12. Write any four factors effecting plant location.

Nearness to raw material source (proximity to suppliers).
Nearness to potential market (proximity to markets).
Transportation facility (availability of all modes of transportation).
Availability of power, fuel, labour, and water.
13. Define plant layout.
A) Plant layout means planning for the location of all machines ,employee work stations
,customer service areas ,and flow patterns of materials and people around, into, and within
buildings,”

14. What are different types of plant layouts?

A) There are three basic types of plant layout: (i) Product or line layout, (ii) Functional or
process layout, and (iii) Stationary layout.

15. Define product layout.

A) Product or line layout is the arrangement of machines and equipment in a line (not always
straight) or a sequence in which they would be used in the process of manufacture of the product
or group of related products. In this layout, materials are worked out into finished stock through
a series of integrated operations (operated one after the other in a sequence) that is arranged in a
line

16. Define process layout.

 A) This system is based on the functions performed by a department. Under this system of
layout, machines or equipment of the same functional type are grouped together in a separate
department. In other words, separate departments are established for each specialized operation
of production and machines relating to that function are assembled there. The specialized
department works for all the times of production.
17. Define fixed layout
A) Under this type of layout, materials remain at a fixed place and the complete job is done at a
fixed station with materials.

Raw material
AIR CRAFT ASSEMBLY Finished product
Machines & Equipments (Aircraft)

Labour

18. Write about work study.

A)“Work Study is an organized continuous effort to improve productivity, quality and to reduce
costs within an organization”. For this purpose, a work study engineer must continue to lead the
way in “Resources utilization”.

19. What is method study?

A) Method study can be defined as “systematic recording and critical examination of existing
and proposed ways of doing work as a means of developing and applying easier and more
effective method and thereby reducing cost”.

20. Brief about work measurement

A) Time study or work measurement is the application of techniques designed to establish the
time for a qualified worker to carry out a task at a defined rate of working.

UNIT-III
1. Define HRM.

A) HRM is the art of procuring, developing, and maintaining competent work force to achieve the goals
of an organization is an organization is an effective and efficient manner.

2. Define HRP.
A) Human resources planning is a process that identifies current and future human resources needs for
an organization to achieve its goals. Human resources planning should serve as a link between human
resources management and the overall strategic plan of an organization.
3)What are the internal sources of recruitment?
A) (a) Internal Sources:
1. Transfers
2. Promotions
3. Present Employees

4. Define Training & Development

A) Training & Development is any attempt to improve current or future employee performance by
increasing an employee's ability to perform through learning, usually by changing the employee's
attitude or increasing his or her skills and knowledge.

5. Whatis PERFORMANCE APPRAISAL?

A) It is the process of evaluating the relative merit of the person on a given job. It is an essential task of
the personnel manager to distinguish the meritorious employees from the others. The data collected
from this task is used for strategic decisions such as releasing an increment in pay, promotion, transfer,
transfer on promotion to a critical assignment, or even discharge.

6) What is time and piece wage systems?

A) 1. Time Wage System or Time Rate System: under this system, laborers get wage on the basis of
time which is utilized in organization. This wages may be charged on per hour, per day, per month or per
year basis. There is no relation or quantity of output and wages in this method. In India's industry, this
method is most popular. Its other name is day wages system or time wok system.  
2. Piece Wage System or Work Rate System: under this method or system, laborers can get the wages
on the basis of their work done. No time element will be used for calculation of wages. Rate is also on
the basis of quantity or unit produced. Under this, method, laborer tries to best for producing the
products fastly for getting more wages.

7) What is Grievance?
A)Grievance may be any genuine or imaginary feeling of dissatisfaction or injustice which an employee
experiences about his job and it’s nature, about the management policies and procedures. It must be
expressed by the employee and brought to the notice of the management and the organization.
8. Define recruitment .
A) Recruitment : It is a process of searching for prospective employees and stimulating and
encouraging them to apply for jobs in an organisation.

9. What are the on-the -job methods?

A) . On-the-job training Methods:
Under these methods new or inexperienced employees learn through observing peers or managers
performing the job and trying to imitate their behaviour. Some of the commonly used methods are:
1. Coaching
2. Mentoring
3. Job Rotation
4. Job Instructional Technique (JIT)
5. Apprenticeship
6. Understudy

10. What are the off-the -job methods?

A). Important methods include:
1. Lectures and Conferences
2. Vestibule Training
3. Simulation Exercises
(a) Management Games.
(b) Case Study.
(c) Role Playing
(d) In-basket training
4. Sensitivity Training:

11.Write any three methods of performance appraisal.

Ans) 1. 360 Degree Appraisal
2.Ranking method
3.checklist method.
12. Explain the concept of job evaluation.

A) Job evaluation is the technique of assessing systematically the relative worth (in monetary terms) of
eachjob. It provides valuable insights into certain questions such as why the chief executive is paid the
highest, why the production supervisor in the shop floor is paid lesser, and so on.

13. Define salary.

A)Salary: salary is employee compensation calculated weekly, monthly, or annual basis. It is usually paid
to white-collar workers such as office personnel, executives and professional employees.

14. Define selection.

A) Selection: Selection is a process of choosing right person for the right job
15. Define wage.

A) Wage: It is the payment for the use of effort, which may be physical or manual. It includes both
financial and non-financial payments.
16. What are the on-the -job methods?
A) On-the- job training Methods:
Some of the commonly used methods are:
1. Coaching
2. Mentoring
3. Job Rotation
4. Job Instructional Technique (JIT)
5. Apprenticeship
6. Understudy

17. What are the external sources of recruitment?

A) External Sources:
1. Advertisement
2. Employment Exchanges
3. Schools, Colleges and Universities
4. Recommendation of Existing Employees
5. Labour Unions
6. Labour Contractors

18. What is induction?

A)The main idea of this function is to share the information about the facts of the company with the
new employee so that he feels proud of his association with the company. At the time of getting
inducted in to the organization, the personnel manager provides orientation to the new employees
about the profile of the organization, its business, its departments and their job.
19. Define placement.
A) After training the employee is placed in his/her position under the change of a manager. The new
recruit is allowed to exercise full authority and is held responsible for the results.
20. What are the steps involved in HRP?
A) Six steps in human resource planning are:
1. Analysing Organizational Objectives
2. Inventory of Present Human Resources
3. Forecasting Demand and Supply of Human Resource
4. Estimating Manpower Gaps
5. Formulating the Human Resource Action plan
6.Monitoring, control and feedback
UNIT-IV
1. Define strategy.
A) Strategy is the determination of the basic long-term goals and objectives of an enterprise and
the adoption of the Courses of action and the allocation of resources necessary for carrying out
these goals.
2 .What is mission?
A) The mission statement is an explicit written statement of what an organization wishes to
achieve in the employees at levels to put forth their best in their individuals and collective efforts
in the organization.
3. Write characteristics of vision?
 Focused
 Graphic
 Directional
 Flexible
 Feasible
 Desirable
 Easy to communicate
4. What are objectives?
A) Objectives are formulated from mission statements. Objectives are the targets that define
what the organization achieves for its employee, shareholders, consumers etc.Objectives are to
be defined as what an organization wants to achieve over a long period of time duration.

5. Write the steps involved in strategic management process.

 Identifying business vision, mission, and objectives

 Environmental analysis
 Strategy formulation
 Strategy implementation
 Strategy evaluation
6. What is Environmental scanning?
A) It is the process of monitoring the organizational environment to identify both present and
future threats and opportunities that may influence the firm’s ability to reach its goals.
7. Define SWOT analysis.
 Strengths are the internal capabilities of the organization when compared to the
competitors in the market.
 Weakness is the limitation, faults, defects in the organization that will keep it from
achieving its objectives.
 Opportunities are those favorable conditions in a firm’s environment which help the
firm strengths its position.
 Threat is the any unfavorable situation in the organization environment that may directly
damage the organization’s strategy
 8. What are the generic strategic alternatives available to a firm mainly?
A) Generic strategic alternatives available are: i) to expand, ii) to wind up or retrench,
iii) To stabilize, iv) to combine its operations pertaining to is products, markets, or functions.
9. Define merger.
A) A merger is a combination of two or more businesses in which one acquires the assets and
liabilities of the other in exchange for stock or cash or both. Companies are dissolved and assets
and liabilities are combined and new stock issued.
10. Define takeover or acquisition.
A) Takeover OR acquisition is defined as, “the attempt of the firm to acquire ownership or
control over another firm against the wishes of the latter’s management”.

11. Define project management.

Ans) Project management is the organizing and managing of resource in such a way that these
resources deliver all the work required to complete a project with in defined scope, time and cost
constraints.

12. Define networks.

Ans) It is a graphical representation of projects operations from starting to completion. it is

composed of activities. (Or) This is the combination of activities, dummy activities, and events
in a logical sequence, according to the rules for drawing networks.

13. Define network analysis.

Ans) Network analysis refers to number of techniques for the planning and control of complex
projects. “The basis of network planning is the representation of sequential relationship between
activities by means of a network of lines and circles”.

14. Define activity.

Ans) Activity: An activity is a task / job of work, which takes time and resources for
accomplishment.
15. Define Event.
Ans) Event: An event is a point in time during a project that signifies the starting or completion
of an activity. Activity starting and finishing points are events. Event consumes neither nor
resources. It is represented by circle in the network. ‘Event’

16. Define critical activity.

Ans) Critical Activity: A critical activity is an activity that if delayed, affects the completion
of entire project. An activity o critical path will be critical activity. An activity for total float is
zero is a critical activity.
17.Define normal cost.
Ans) Normal cost is the minimum time required to achieve the normal cost. Normal time is
associated with the normal resources of the organization to perform the activity.
18. Define cost slope.
Ans) The term cost slope is defined as the “increase in the cost of the activity per unit decrease in
the time.
Mathematically the time – cost relationship can be represented as:
Cost Slope = Crash Cost – Normal Cost

Normal Time – Crash Time

19. Define crash time.

Ans) Crash time is the minimum possible time in which an activity can be completed by
employing extra resources. Crash time is the time beyond which the activity cannot be shortened
by any amount of increase in resources.
20. Define crash cost.
Ans) Crash cost is the least cost of completing an activity by employing all possible means like
overtime, additional machinery, proper materials, etc. Or the total expenditure incurred on
additional resources for crashing the time is known as “crash cost”.

UNIT-V
1. Define MRP.
A)It is a production planning and inventory control system used to manage manufacturing processes.
Most MRP systems are software-based, while it is possible to conduct MRP by hand as well.
2. Explain the concept of Capability Maturity Model.
A) (CMM) is a service mark registered with the U.S. Patent and Trademark Office by Carnegie Mellon
University (CMU) and refers to a development model that was created after study of data collected from
organizations that contracted with the U.S. Department of Defense, who funded the research. This
becamethe foundation from which CMU created the Software Engineering Institute (SEI). Like any
model, it is anabstraction of an existing system.
3.Define BPR.
A) Business Process Reengineering is the analysis and design of workflows and processes within an
organization. A business process is a set of logically related tasks performed to achieve a defined
business outcome. Re-engineering is the basis for many recent developments in management.
4. What is benchmarking?
A) Benchmarking is the process of comparing one's business processes and performance metrics to
industry bests and/or best practices from other industries. Dimensions typically measured are quality,
time and cost.Improvements from learning mean doing things better, faster, and cheaper.
5. Define balanced score card.
A)Management practice that attempts to complement drivers of past performance(financial measures)
with the drivers of future performance, such as customer satisfaction, development of human
and intellectual capital, and learning. Standard balanced scorecards do not include
environmental considerations.
6. Define performance management.
A) It includes activities that ensure that goals are consistently being met in an effective and efficient
manner.Performance management can focus on the performance of an organization, a department,
employee, or even the processes to build a product or service, as well as many other areas.
7. Write any two objectives of performance management.
 To enable the employees towards achievement of superior standards of work performance
 To help the employees in identifying the knowledge and skills required for performing the job
efficiently as this would drive their focus towards performing the right task in the right way.
8. Write any two functional areas of ERP.
 Finance/Accounting :General ledger, payables, cash management, fixed assets, receivables,
budgeting,consolidation
 Human resources: Payroll, training, benefits, recruiting, diversity management
9.Write the steps involve in benchmarking procedure.
 Identify your problem areas
 Identify other industries that have similar processes
 Identify organizations that are leaders in these
 Survey companies for measures and practices.
 Visit the best practice companies to identify leading edge practices.
 Implement new and improved business practices
10. Write any three objectives of Material Requirement Planning.
A) Ensure materials are available for production and products are available for delivery to customers.
Maintain the lowest possible level of inventory.
Plan manufacturing activities, delivery schedules and purchasing activities.
11. What is JIT?

A) Just-in-time (JIT) is an inventory strategy companies employ to increase efficiency and

decrease waste by receiving goods only as they are needed in the production process, thereby
reducing inventory costs. This method requires producers to forecast demand accurately.

12. Define six sigma.

A) Six Sigma is a disciplined, data-driven approach and methodology for eliminating defects in any
process – from manufacturing to transactional and from product to service. To achieve Six Sigma, a
process must not produce more than 3.4 defects per million opportunities
.
13. What is BPO?
A) Business process outsourcing (BPO) is a subset of outsourcing that involves the contracting
of the operations and responsibilities of specific business functions (or processes) to a third-party
service provider.

14. Define supply chain management.

A) Supply chain management is defined as the design, planning, execution, control, and
monitoring of supply chain activities with the objectives of creating net value, building a
competitive infrastructure, synchronizing supply with demand and measuring performance
globally.

15. What is MIS?

A) Management information system, or MIS, broadly refers to a computer-based system that provides
managers with the tools to organize, evaluate and efficiently manage departments within an organization.

16. Define ERP.

A) Enterprise resource planning (ERP) is business process management software that allows
an organization to use a system of integrated applications to manage the business and
automate many back office functions related to technology, services and human resources.
17. Write any three Components of Supply Chain Management.

A) 1.Supplier Management
2. Inventory Management
3. Distribution Management
18.What are the levels of MIS?
A) 1. Strategic level
2.Tactical level
3. Operational level
19.Write any four objectives of SUPPLY CHAIN MANAGEMENT .
A)
  To maximize the overall value generated
 To achieve maximum supply chain profitability
 To reduce supply chain costs to the minimum possible level
 To improve product quality, performance, efficiency, customer relationships, profitability.
20. What are the sectors of industry environment?
A) Important sectors of industry environment are
1. Customers
2. Suppliers
3. Competition