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De nitions
Aliphatic: denoting a straight-chained substance with only hydrogen and carbon atoms; one of
the two broad classes of hydrocarbons, the other being aromatic hydrocarbons
Benzene: an organic chemical compound with the molecular formula C₆H₆. The benzene
molecule is composed of six carbon atoms joined in a planar ring with one hydrogen atom
attached to each. Because it contains only carbon and hydrogen atoms, benzene is classed as
a hydrocarbon.
Phenyl: the phenyl group, or phenyl ring, is a cyclic group of atoms with the formula C₆H₅.
Phenyl groups are closely related to benzene and can be viewed as a benzene ring, minus a
hydrogen.
Phenol: an aromatic organic compound with the molecular formula C6H5OH. It is a white
crystalline solid that is volatile. The molecule consists of a phenyl group (−C6H5) bonded to a
hydroxy group (−OH). Mildly acidic.
Indole: an aromatic heterocyclic organic compound with formula C8H7N. It has a bicyclic
structure, consisting of a six-membered benzene ring fused to a ve-membered pyrrole ring.
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Amino acids
Glycine G Gly -H