Author’s Significant Significant

Historical Contemporary
Significant Historical Historical Reference/s
Relevance Relevance
Background Context Content
Ambrosio • The Act of
Rianzares Declaration of 1898 Declaration of
Bautista was Philippine Philippine Independence
born on Independence • Demonstrates the Americans have
justifications behind The documents
December 7, was written to made a
the revolution against narrate how the
1830 in Biñan, use for the significant
Spain. Philippines
Laguna. A declaration of contribution to
• Reveals the avarice and achieved its
National distant freedom of the the attainment
greed of the clergy like independence
Historical relative of the Philippines of democratic
the friars and the after centuries
Institute. Rizal family, after the war ideas. These
archbishop. of being https://nhcp.gov.ph/
(1997). Ambrosio was against America uphold the
colonized. resource/filipinos-
Documents “Tio Bosyong” and Spain. The • Shows a brief historical Moreover, the
freedom
in-
of the 1898 to the young main reason for overview of the Spanish demonstration to
often-overlooked history/government/
Declaration Rizal. When the having the occupation since the present day.
details reveal
of propagandists declaration is Magellan’s arrival in These documents
much about the https://nhcp.gov.ph/
Philippine in Europe to symbolize Visayas until the also serve as a
historically asias-first-
Independenc needed funds, that Philippine Revolution. culmination of
accurate meaning remembering-the-
e, The he was among Philippines has • Narrates the Cavite our existence as
behind our inauguration-of-the-
Malolos those who the right to be Mutiny of January 1872 a nation and a
national flag. first-philippine-
Constitutio responded. He independent and that caused the infamous state, which
These tell us the republic/
n and the joined the La free form the execution of the could become the
original
First Propaganda that Spaniards and martyred native priests current
symbolisms of
Philippine was designed to is no longer Jose Burgos, Mariano generation’s
every part of our
Republic raise funds for tied Gomez, and Jacinto motivation to
flag, which
the politically Zamora. value the
nowadays are
organization with them. • The colors red and blue independence
given a different
abroad. He also Aguinaldo of the Philippine flag that we have
interpretation.
joined the thought that it were taken from the flag today.
shirt-lived is necessary to of the United States.
Liga Filipina declare our
and the cuerpo independence,
de because it The Malolos Constitution
compromisarios. would inspire and the First Philippine
He became the the people to Republic
first adviser fight more • The Malolos constitution
of President eagerly against is the first important
Emilio the Spaniards. Filipino document ever
Aguinaldo in produced by the people’s
1898, and • On June representatives. It
subsequently 12, 1898, created a Filipino state
wrote the Aguinaldo whose government was
Declaration of issued a “popular,
Philippine declaration of representative, and
Independence. independence responsible” with three
that was distinct branches—the
Felipe Gonzales modeled after executive, the
Calderon, known the American legislative, and the
as the “Father one. Apolinario judicial. To make the
of the Malolos Mabini, a function of Congress
Constitution”, lawyer and continuous, the document
is the author political provided for a Permanent
of the Malolos thinker, rose Commission which would
Constitution to prominence sit as a law-making body
enacted on as Aguinaldo's when Congress was not in
January 20, primary session.
1899.He aso adviser. For
established two Apolinario
law Mabini, true
universities— independence
Liceo de Manila for the
and the Escuela Philippines
de Derecho. would mean not
simply
liberation from
Spain (or from
 other colonial
power) but also
educating
people for
self-
government. On
September 15,
1898, a
revolutionary
congress was
convened at
Malolos for
drawing up a
constitution
for the new
republic. A
document was
approved by the
congress on
November 2,
1898. Modeled
on the
constitution of
France,
Belgium, and
Latin American
countries, it
was promulgated
at Malolos on
January 21,
1898.
Alfred Dr. Alfred “Al” The Philippines McCoy’s works focused on This provides an The future https://history.wisc
McCoy. W. McCoy is a is the major exposing the wrongdoings of important record generations will .edu/people/mccoy-
Political Professor of SE focus of Alfred the government using of the American be able to have alfred-w/
Caricatures Asian History McCoy’s cartoons during the Era in terms of a glimpse of the
of the at the research. In American era. The issues values, past of the
American University of his book that were highlighted are conflicts, and Philippine
Era Wisconsin at Philippine mostly about the important issues society through
Madison where Cartoons: inequalities that the in society. This these cartoons.
he also serves Political Filipinos experienced in also mirrors the This can also
as director of Caricature of the hands of the Americans. society’s serve as a
the Center for the American colonial reminder to
SE Era (1900- condition, most fight against
Asian Studies. 1944), Alfred especially the inequalities
He has spent McCoy, inequalities that that they might
thirty years together with were experienced encounter in the
writing about Alfredo Roces, by the Filipinos. society.
Southeast Asian compiled
History and political
politics. His cartoons
writings on published in
Southeast Asian newspaper
history focused dailies and
on Philippine periodicals in
Political the
History and aforementioned
Global Opium time period.
Trafficking.
• Jose Abad This document After Woods replaced the The narrative This narrative
Santos was born served as an highly popular Harrison on gives us a can give present https://www.official
Filipino on February 19, impeachment October 5, 1921, he vetoed glimpse of the generations gazette.gov.ph/about
Grievances 1886, and was request to 64 of 217 bills passed by significant lessons that /gov/judiciary/sc/cj
Against raised in Governor the Legislature compared to events that they can apply /jose-abad-santos/
Governor Pampanga at the Leonard Wood. only five under Harrison. happened during when similar
Leonard height of the Wood’s first During the so-called the American situations https://www.official
Wood Philippine year has been “Cabinet Crisis of 1923,” a colonization of occur. Since gazette.gov.ph/about
Revolution characterized group of high-ranking the Philippines, history has a /gov/judiciary/sc/cj
against Spain. as one of Filipino specifically chance of /jose-abad-
He served as harmony and government officials led by during Governor repeating santos/the-
Secretary of cooperation. Senate President Manuel L. Wood’s itself, this execution-of-jose-
Justice under But this was Quezon and House Speaker leadership. This narrative can abad-santos/
various hardly true. Manuel A. Roxas, together can also give serve as the
American His with the Filipino members insights on why future https://iskomunidad.
Governors- personality of the Philippines did generations’ upd.edu.ph/index.php
General, first caused strong cabinet, accused Governor- not truly commit guide on /Jorge_Bocobo
under Governor- antagonism General Leonard Wood of total whatever https://www.asj.upd.
General Leonard between him and undermining Filipino independence repetitions may edu.ph/mediabox/arch
Wood from 1922 Filipino autonomy by intervening and after the Spanish occur. ive/ASJ-04-02-
to 1923. At political controlling even in the colonization. 1966/onorato-wood-
first, it was leaders. The smallest detail, the Moreover, it first-year-governor-
thought that struggles affairs of our government, shows how general.pdf
Abad Santos had between Wood both national and local, in Filipino leaders’
been killed on and Filipino utter disregard of the nationalistic https://www.asj.upd.
May 7, 1942. leaders authority and spirits were edu.ph/mediabox/arch
This was the enhanced the responsibility of the enhanced by ive/ASJ-51-2-
date given by nationalistic (Filipino) working hand in 2015/ASJ%2051-
Pepito himself spirit of the Department heads and other hand to stand up 2%202015%20Ybiernas%
during his people. concerned officials. Quezon against a common 20article.pdf
testimony at saw this incident as an enemy.
the trial of opportunity to embarrass
Generals Governor Wood by resigning
Hayashi and from the Council of State.
Kawaguchi. But Following Quezon’s
on the basis of resignation, Mayor of
Keiji Fukui’s Manila, Speaker of the
testimony House, Manuel Roxas, and
supported by all the Filipino Department
notations in Secretaries also resigned.
his diary, the This led to the strain in
date of Abad the relationship between
Santos’s America and the
execution was Philippines.
definitely
ascertained to
be at two
o’clock on the
afternoon of
May 2, 1942.

• Dr. Jorge
Bocobo was born
on October 19,
1886 in Gerona,
Tarlac. In the
1910 bar
examination, he
obtained an
almost perfect
score in Civil
Law. He
dedicated two
of his books to
the cause of
Philippine
autonomy - For
Freedom and
Dignity, which
opposed the
Hare-Hawes-
Cutting Law and
General Wood
and the Law, a
book consisting
of articles he
had written for
 the newspapers
upholding the
stand of
President
Quezon in the
celebrated
controversy
between
Filipino
leaders and
General Wood. He
died on July
23, 1965.
⚫ Juan Luna was Juan Luna Juan Luna The artworks of Art from the
a late 19th- Luna and Amorsolo past can provide
century ⚫ The Death of Cleopatra, Rome represent the insights into
Filipino masterpieces 1881 people in the the living
painter, of Juan Luna Philippines conditions in
sculptor, and were created ⚫ The Death of Cleopatra during their the past. We can https://ph.asiatatle
political during the was a silver medalist or time. They learn about the r.com/society/the-
activist in Spanish second prize winner demonstrated that society that tragic-life-and-
Paintings
the Colonization during the 1881 National they are proud of produced a work legacy-of-filipino-
of Juan
Philippine of the Exposition of Fine Arts Filipinos in of art by painter-juan-luna
Luna and
Revolution. Philippines in Madrid. The painting terms of their examining its
Fernando
His close in the 19th was bought by the culture, symbolism, https://nhcp.gov.ph/
Amorsolo
friendship Century, and Spanish government for traditions, colors, and resource/filipinos-
with some were euros. customs, and materials. For in-history/culture-
Philippine created characters. They example, the and-arts/
national hero during the Blood Compact, Paris 1885 made the world Spoliarium of
Jose Rizal midyears of feel the spirit Juan Luna is
has sparked American Rule ⚫ The Blood Compact of of our country on full of
nationalism in the 1565 was carried out in canvas and shared symbolism
and pride in Philippines. the Philippines by it with the rest referring to
the country. Spaniards. It depicts of the world. colonizers and
 With Fernando the traditional They used their political
masterpieces Amorsolo "kasikasi," or drinking artistic talent oppression, thus
such as ceremony, which served to enlighten and Filipinos raised
Spolarium, ⚫ The as a symbol of awaken their awareness
The Death of masterpieces friendship, peace, and countrymen from against these
Cleopatra, of Amorsolo goodwill among those their ignorance, until the
and Blood were created carrying out the blindness, mental present time.
Compact, Luna during the agreement. Don Miguel darkness, and Because of their
is regarded American Lopez de Legazpi and oppression. They artwork, the
as one of the colonial rule Rajah Sikatuna took part also showed the events became
greatest and the in the blood compact. Filipinos are more vivid and
Filipino Japanese threatened by the more meaningful
artists in occupation of Spoliarium colonizers. and, as a
Philippine the result, the
history. Philippines ⚫ The term "Spoliarium" recognition of
during World refers to the Roman Filipinos
War II. Colosseum's basement. increased and we
⚫ Fernando The painting depicts a had our own
Amorsolo was scene from Roman history identity and
a portraitist centered on the bloody pride.
and painter carnage of gladiatorial
of rural matches.
Philippine The Parisian Life
landscapes.
His Rice ⚫ Juan Luna created this
Planting masterpiece while in
(1922), which Paris, France, in 1892.
appeared on The three men in the
posters and background are three
tourist well-known Filipinos:
brochures, Juan Luna, Jose Rizal,
became one of and Ariston Bautista
the Lin. Her mirror image is
Commonwealth
era's most said to resemble the
popular Philippine archipelago.
images. He
was a close España Y Filipinas
friend of
Caloocan's ⚫ Juan Luna painted España
creator, Y Filipinas in 1886. The
sculptor work is also known as
Guillermo España Guiando a
Tolentino. He Filipinas (Spain Leading
was married the Philippines). Juan
twice and had Luna's goal with this
14 children, painting is to
five of whom demonstrate the strong
went on to bond between Spain and
become the Philippines. It also
painters. revealed the true hope
and desire of every
Filipino to be treated
equally.

Fernando Amorsolo

Planting Rice with Mayon

Volcano

⚫ The Mayon Volcano is a

well-known symbol in the
Philippines. The
volcano's eruptions can
be very destructive, but
Amorsolo's painting
depicts its relationship
with the surrounding
 landscape as positive
and fruitful. The
painting Planting Rice
with Mayon Volcano was
completed in 1949.

The Fruit Pickers under the

Mango Tree

⚫ In 1937, Fernando
Amorsolo created The
Fruit Pickers Under the
Mango Tree. The artist
wanted to show the true
value of Filipinos, who
are hardworking but
happy with what they're
doing. He also wanted to
make the world aware of
the true Filipina
beauty. Overall, the
goal of this painting
was to depict the
distinctive glow of
Filipinos.

The Making of the

Philippine Flag

⚫ The painting shows three

women, namely Marcella
Marino de Agoncillo,
Lorenza and Delfina
Herbosa de Natividad.
 They were tasked by Gen.
Emilio Aguinaldo to sew
the first flag for the
new republic. The
setting is inside of a
house that is more like
a "Bahay Kubo". The main
colors used in the
painting were brown,
red, blue, and yellow.

Defense of a Filipina
Woman’s Honour

⚫ This is one of
Amorsolo's paintings
from World War II. In
this scene, a Filipino
man defends a woman,
possibly his wife or
daughter, from being
raped by an unseen
Japanese soldier.

Icelle Gloria According to The documentary The future

D. Borja is one some • Depicts how the film presents the generations will
of Zamboanga historians, Spaniards defended the history of the have an
city with the Fort Pilar https://www.zamboang
City’s premiere slave raiding different tribes interesting way
as Spain’s last a.com/arts_and_cultu
Raiders of Artist—a happened in the in certain parts of learning
stronghold and bastion re/IcelleARTicle_isl
Sulu Sea painter and Philippines of Mindanao as their history
of defense and economic adestacruz.htm
sculptor. She long before the near as it can to through this
does extensive Western Powers expansion in the South what really film. It will
research in the arrived but it of the Philippines. happened. It also save them
arts and was never serves as a time from
culture of widespread • It depicts the Southeast record of how researching
Zamboanga. activity. Asian flourishing free these tribes different
History also trading in the area and fought for their sources since
questioned, the adverse effects and land, beliefs, this source is
should these repercussions when and religion. proved to be
raiders from Europeans such as the credible.
the south be English, Dutch and
called Spanish who wanted to
“Pirates”? It control the economy as
was then well to colonize and
concluded that Christianize.
the Moro act
was an act of
retaliation
against the
foreign
occupier and
was sanctioned
by the
sultanates in
the name of a
higher course:
Islam.
DOCUMENTATION: