Quarter 3 – Week 2: Module 2

Types of Text Structures

Development Team of the Module

Writer: Redemption C. Guinto
Editor: Alvin R. Lim
Reviewer: Maria Elizabeth M. Morales

Management Team Zenia G. Mostoles EdD, CESO V, SDS

Leonardo C. Canlas EdD CESE, ASDS
Rowena T. Quiambao CESE, ASDS
Celia R. Lacanlale PhD, CID Chief
Arceli S. Lopez PhD, SGOD Chief
June D. Cunanan EPS- English
Ruby M. Jimenez PhD, EPS-LRMDS

Published by: Department of Education, Schools Division of Pampanga

Office Address: High School Boulevard, Brgy. Lourdes, City of San Fernando, Pampanga
Telephone No: (045) 435-2728
E-mail Address: pampanga@deped.gov.ph

i
Introductory Message
For the Facilitator:

Welcome to the English for Academic and Professional Purposes Alternative Delivery Mode
(ADM) Module on Types of Text Structures. This module was collaboratively designed,
developed and reviewed by educators from public institutions to assist you, the teacher or
facilitator in helping the learners meet the standards set by the K to 12 Curriculum while
overcoming their personal, social, and economic constraints in schooling.

This learning resource hopes to engage the learners into guided and independent learning
activities at their own pace and time. Furthermore, this also aims to help learners acquire the
needed 21st century skills while taking into consideration their needs and circumstances.

For the Learner:

English for Academic and Professional Purposes Alternative Delivery Mode (ADM) Module on
Types of Text Structures. This module aims to offer an overview of different topics within the
field of academic writing and across various disciplines. There will be academic readings to
provide materials for academic writings and several text structures and conventions in writing.

This module was designed to provide you with fun and meaningful opportunities for guided
and independent learning at your own pace and time. You will be enabled to process the
contents of the learning resource while being an active learner.

What I Need to Know

For the Learner

You have been asked to read a narrative, an essay or just about anything with
information on it. Most of the time you are required to read academically for class
discussions, quizzes and other assessments, and therefore, it becomes imperative
that you learn about different text structures to ensure that you will be able to read
effectively.

When you familiarize yourself with different text structures, your reading skills
are significantly enhanced. Whatever material is given to you to process, you will have
a greater chance of understanding it.

At the end of this module, you are expected to:

1. Enumerate various texts structures;
2. Extract information from different text structures; and
3. Employ a type of language/discipline in crafting an academic text.

1
 What I Know

All your other outputs for this module will form your portfolio of learning so make
sure to answer them as carefully and honestly as possible.
On a separate sheet of paper, complete the needed information about the
Forms of Text Structures.

Text Structure Short Meaning Sample

Narration (Story)
Definition
Description
Classification
Comparison and Contrast
Cause and Effect
Chronological
Problem and Solution

Lesson
Types of Text Structures
2
The ability to distinguish different text structures from various disciplines will
prepare you for the professional world.

What’s In

Let us review. Complete the Venn Diagram by identifying some similarities and
differences of Academic and Non-academic texts. Write your answers on a separate
sheet.

2
 ACADEMIC NON-ACADEMIC

What’s New

Write the key letters corresponding to the purpose of each sentence. Use a
separate sheet for your answers.

E- Entertain I-Inform P-Persuade

1. The teacher explaining the contents of the Students’ Handbook to the class.
2. A poem about how a man loves a woman.
3.An infographic about how to wash hands properly.
4.A video telling high school students to study first.
5.A letter asking for forgiveness.

What is It

Types of Writing

1. Narrative – This is the basic structure that writers use in presenting ideas. This
may inform through illustration and anecdotes, entertain readers through
stories, predict what will happen next or explain how something works or
happens. This can be any of the following:

a. Objective - Presents an objective timeline or details for accuracy.

b. Subjective - Presents an insightful point of view, depending on the
writer’s feelings.

3
 2. Argumentative - This goes beyond giving information, writers use this to let
readers understand their side of an argument, with analysis
and support to their claims, this should have valid reasoning
and enough evidence.

3. Informational – This basically just to develop ideas using techniques to present

details and well-chosen sequences.

Types of Text Structures

1. Definition – used in explaining unfamiliar terms either to explain or to convince.

a. Standard Definition – Universally-accepted and rarely changes.
For example: definition of essay.
b. Regulatory Definition – Assigned meanings based on an organization,
regulating body and changes on situations.
For example: classification of typhoon signal as per PAG-ASA
c. Personal Definition – This depends on the interpretations of the writer
and as experienced by the writer.
For Example: what is a true friend?
d. Invented Definition – Given meanings to word coined and as used by
society.
For example: the definition of “first blood” in Mobile Legends.
2. Description - used by writers to describe something. These may be an object,
a person, place, experience, emotion, situation, event, etc.
3. Classification – used by writers to organize ideas into categories.
For example: kinds of On-line games.
4. Comparison and Contrast – used to show how two ideas are alike and
different. Writers present information by chunks and by following a sequence.
For example: IOS and android are both system used in mobile cellular phones.
IOS is a more closed system which does not allow customer or user
customization while android system is more open as it allows users or
customers to download a wider variety of applications.
5. Cause and Effect – used to explain why things happen, and the results of a
certain phenomenon. Writers enumerate factors and possible outcomes
resulting to phenomena or events.
6. Chronological – used to show order of things, how something happens and
the logical arrangement of things. This structure lends itself in other text
structures in a sense that in narrating writers need to present a timeline of
events; in persuading people, writers enumerate evidence in a sequence.
7. Problem and Solution – used in showing patterns of organization where a
dilemma is explained either through a solution or a dilemma is explained and a
solution/s is/are given.

4
 What’s More

Independent Activity 1

Read the following situations and write the text structure employed for each
scenario. Use a separate sheet of paper.

Narrative Definition Description Classification

Compare/Contrast Chronological Cause and Effect Problem/Solution

1. Mrs. Reyes will present the Kinds of Paragraph to her class.

2. Adrian was asked to give a speech about how the newly-wed couple
met.
3. Sharlene was asked by her boss to make a report about why their
employees are always late and the common reasons why.
4. Adrian is selling a new android phone to customers.
5. A saleslady is helping a client choose between Pantene and Palmolive
shampoo.

Independent Assessment 1

Choose ONE from the following scenarios and write an Essay OUTLINE by using a
graphic organizer. Use a separate sheet of paper.

1. A popular dish your hometown is known for.

2. What is Mobile Legends?
3. A synopsis of your favorite Koreanovela/Telenovela.
4. Who is a better player? Kobe Bryant or Lebron James?
5. Why do rainbows appear?

Independent Activity 2

Read the passage and answer the questions that follow. Use a separate sheet
of paper.

When you buy a mobile phone, you have to take care of it. One way to do so is
applying a screen protector; to lessen impacts of falling objects on the screen and
other damages. In applying the screen protector, clean the surface of your phone’s

5
screen with a soft cloth to remove any dirt or lint. Once the surface of your screen is
clean, remove the paper backing on the screen protector. Align the screen protector
to the screen of your phone. Evenly apply the sticky side of the screen protector to
your phone’s screen, with the least amount of pressure. Smooth out any air bubble
trapped on between the protector and the phone screen by using a soft cloth. Enjoy
the added protection and enjoy your gadget.

Questions:

1. Why do we need to apply screen protector to our cellular phones?

2. What might happen if we do not apply a screen protector?
3. Enumerate the key steps in applying the screen protector.
4. Explain what kind of text structure was used by the writer.
5. Enumerate sentences to support your answer to #4.

Independent Assessment 2

Identify the text structures of the following paragraphs. Use a separate sheet.
1. Wild chimpanzees are rapidly disappearing. Some people are trying to solve this
problem. Otherwise, chimpanzees may one day exist only in zoos. People are trying
to save the rain forests and woodlands where the chimps live from being cut down. It
will take many people working together to solve this problem.

2. Chimpanzees and humans are alike in many ways. A baby chimp laughs when its
mother tickles it. After chimpanzee’s fight, they kiss and make up. When one
chimpanzee comforts another, it gives it a hug or pat on the back. There are, of course,
many ways that chimpanzees and humans are different. Chimpanzees are smaller
and stronger than humans. An adult male chimpanzee stands three or four feet tall
and weighs about 100 pounds. But a chimpanzee can lift more weight than a man who
is six feet tall.

3. Chimps live in groups and like each other a lot, but sometimes they fight. Because
they don’t want to stay angry at each other after a fight, they make up by holding a
hand out to the other and kissing. They show they are sorry with pats and hugs. Then
the anger goes away.

4. A chimpanzee’s body is made for climbing and swinging in the trees. First, it uses
its long arms to reach a branch. Next, with its flexible hands and feet, it grabs and
hooks on to the branch. Finally, it swings from that branch to another branch of tree.

5. It is fun to read about chimpanzees. All wild chimpanzees live in Africa. They live
mostly in thick rain forests and in woodlands. There are two types, or species, of

6
chimpanzees—the common chimpanzee and the bonobo, also known as the pygmy
chimpanzee.
www.troup.org

Independent Activity 3
Write words associated with the topic at the center. Use Definition, Description
and Classification. You may add more sections. Use a separate sheet of paper for
your answers.

Love
story

Thriller Drama
On-Line
Education

Suspense Action

Independent Assessment 3

Use the words in Independent Activity 3 to write a short paragraph. Encode

your answer on a short bond paper, use double-spaced Times New Roman or Arial
and 12 font size. Create your own title. Your work will be graded with the following
rubric. If you do not have a computer/printer write your paragraph legibly on a yellow
paper.

Grammar - 5
Word Usage - 5
Mechanics - 5
Content - 5

7
 What I Have Learned

Reflect on what you have learned after taking up this lesson by completing the
chart below in 2-3 sentences. Write your answer in your notebook.

I thought…
What were your
thoughts or ideas
about statement
of the problem?

What new or
additional ideas I learned that…
did you learn after
taking up this
lesson?

How did you

I applied…
apply the things
you have learned
about formulating
a statement of
the problem?

What I Can Do

Choose a topic you would like to write about. Write words associated with the
topic at the center. Then write the essay following the text structure of your choice.
Encode your essay on a short bond paper, use double-spaced Times New Roman or
Arial and 12 font size. Create your own title. Your work will be graded with the following
rubric. If you do not have a computer/printer write your paragraph legibly on a yellow
paper.

8
 Grammar - 5
Word Usage - 5
Love
Mechanics - 5 story
Content - 10

Thriller Drama

Suspense Action

Assessment

Read the questions and choose the letter of the correct answer. Use a separate sheet
for your answers.

1. You are reading an article discussing the events that led up to the Bataan
March and the results of that event. Which text structure is this?
a. Cause and Effect
b. Compare and Contrast
c. Description
d. Problem and Solution

2. Which term means stating the differences between two things or ideas?

a. Cause and Effect

b. Compare and Contrast
c. Description
d. Problem and Solution

9
 3. Which type of text structure introduces a negative situation and then the
methods for fixing it?

a. Cause and Effect

b. Compare and Contrast
c. Description
d. Problem and Solution

4. This structure presents arguments which are logical, well-reasoned and which
are supported by evidences.
a. Argumentative
b. Chronological
c. Description
d. Narration

5. An essay about weather patterns follow this structure.

a. Cause and Effect
b. Chronological
c. Comparison and Contrast
d. Description

Additional Activities

Create a graphic organizer for the following essay. Use a separate sheet for
your answer.
Lightning and thunder are related events. Lightning is a sudden, violent flash of
electricity that occurs between a cloud and the ground. It can also occur between two
clouds in the sky. A lightning bolt can be several miles long and can be straight or
forked. It is very hot, with an average temperature of 34,000 degrees Celsius. This
causes the air around the electric bolt to expand, producing lots of sound energy. It is
this sound energy that we hear as thunder. Lightning and thunder are caused by the
same event. Yet lightning is light energy, or electromagnetic energy, whereas thunder
is sound energy. Thus, we see lightning and hear thunder.

10
 Answer Key

Individual
Assessment
What’s New Independent
Activity #1 #2
NAT Answers
1. Problem
1. I 1. Definition/D Solution
2. E escription 2. Compare
3. I 2. Chronologic and
al Contrast
4. P
3. Cause and 3. Cause
5.
5. Description
P Effect and Effect 4. Argumentative
4. Description 4. Chronolog Solution
5. Compare ical 3. Problem and
and 5. Descriptio Contrast
Contrast n 2. Compare and
1. Cause and Effect
Assessment

References
Barrot, Jessie and Sipacio, Phillippe John. Communication Today: English for Academic and Professional
Purposes. Quezon City: C&E Publishing, Inc. 2016
Mendoza, Remilyn G. English for Academic and Professional Purposes. Makati: Diwa Learning Systems, In, 2016.
Websites:

Wahlstrom, Deborah.Text Structures for Different Types of Writing. Accessed May 31, 2020

https://datadeb.files.wordpress.com/2012/02/001_text_structures-deb-wahsltrom.pdf
Classroom Strategies: Text Structure. Accessed June 1, 2020
http://www.adlit.org/strategies/23336/

EReadingWorksheets.Text Structures.Accessed June 1, 2020 https://www.ereadingworksheets.com/text-

structure/

https://www.freepik.com/free-vector/building-blocks-concept-
illustration_6199206.htm#page=1&query=blocks&position=0

11