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 Arithmetic Progression

Sequence
A is
arrangement of numbers in definite
→

sequence an a

rule For
order and
according
is the
to some
which
.

escampk
I , 2,3 4,5 ,
. . .

sequence ,
is
infinite sequence
of natural numbers .

Arithmetic Progression
It
of
numbers in which we
get each term
→
is a
sequence
by addingthe a
particular number to the previous term
term
except first .

2 4 6 8 10 12 . .

,
.

, , , ,

bowmen
+2 +2 t2 t2 +2 difference : 2

•
Each number in the is known as term
sequence .

between each term

The
fisted number i the
difference
• -
e .

known be
is as common
difference .
It can + ve.

represented
'
-

ve on zero .
It is as d '
.

Common Difference
→
The between terms in AP ( which is
difference 2 consecutive .

constant ) is the common

difference (d) of an AP .
.
.
In the
the
progression :
2,6 ,
so
, 14,18 ,
22 . . .
common
difference is 4 .

As it is the between
difference any
two consecutive terms ,
for
any
AP .

, if the common
difference is :
 Positive the AP is
increasing
-
.

'
Zero ,
the AP . is constant .

'

Negative ,
the A P -

.
is
decreasing
How to
find common
difference lol ) ?

Simple just find difference between term with its

previous
,
any
term .

Enample
* 4 7
, ,
10
, 13,16

d =
y -
4 OR to -

7 =
3 OR 13 -
to
=
3 and so on .

Basically
'
d ' will be constant
throughout ,
tabhi to wo AP bani .

General form of A P -

a. ( at d) ( at 2 d) lat 3d) , , ,
. . .

Where first term

'

and
'
is d
'
is '
the a common
difference .

Finite ly Infinite A. P .

A finite AP is in which the number

finite
AP
of terms is
<
an .
. For
lscarnfsle : AP :
2 ,
5,8 . . . 32,35 38 ,

An the number
infiniteFor A P is AP in which
of terms is
- -
. an .

infinite .

example 2,5 ,
8
,
h . . .

A will have the last term whereas

finite
AP won't
.
AP
.
.

,
an
infinite
 Important General Terms ( on which most of the questions
are based )

General Term of A P -
.

The nth term A P

of an -
.

→
The nth term
of an AP . is
given by an or Tn -
at ( n Dd
-

where the d
first term
difference
'

is is
'
a a common
,

and the
of
'

n
'
is number terms .

bnamfsk , if someone asks what is the 4th term

of an AP i.u.1.io is
,
. . .

So
the
we
"
can

term
easily say it is no .
But what if we are asked to find
this
formula
us . so we use
,
.

Tn = at ( n Id -

Here at 1
,
n -
48
,
D= ( u - t ) =3

Tug =
It ( 48 1)3 -

= I t 141
=
142

Sum
of Terms of A. P .

Lets say we are asked to

find the sum of 4 terms
of
an A -
P .
I 4,7 13 . . .

, ,

We can
easily find 1+4+7+10=22

But what 48 terms

if we are said to
find
humane
the sum
of
sisabko add
Again ,
itna time kaka hai pass
karrie bethe .

this
Therefore formula
Formula for the Sum to n terms of an A P -
.

Sn =

hz
[ 2 at ( n - e) d)

Where the term d is

and
a is
the number first terms
,
common
difference
n is
of .

So the sum
would be
of first as terms
of AP . I
,
4,7 ,
so
,
is . . .

Here ,
a =L ,
d =3
,
n - 48

Go
using formula
:

Sn =

hz
[ 2 at ( n - e) d)

Sag [ 2x ( 48 1) 3)
421
= i + -

=
24 [ 2 t 14 D
=
24 X 143

= 3432
 Sum
of first
'
n
'
natural numbers

of first natural numbers

'

The
given by
'
→
sum n is :

S n
= n ( n ti )
2

This is because a =L
,
d =L ( in case
of series of natural no )
.

The Sum of A P is also

given by
-
.

→
Sn = ( at b)
nz
Where a the
l is the
is
first
last
term
term
is the number terms
n
of
Arithmetic Mean

called the
If arithmetic
,b in a P then b and b is
→
a are
aztec
-
c
-
.

mean
of a
by c .

Ensample ,
in our
favourite A P -
. i
, um , lo
,
is . . .

We need Arithmetic Mean and

to
find of u lo
,
so we will

find their
average .

4+10-2
This
But
equalwhen
to 7 .

the AP
between
we see
,
7 is
Do Arithmetic Mean
.

exactly the no .

two
that
is a hero .

of any
alternate numbers in an AP is the term
.

,
in the
middle
of them
the
,
that will
two
also be
alternate
equal
numbers
to the

average of .
 Previous Year Questions

1. Find the common difference of the AP 1/𝑝,(1−𝑝)/𝑝,(1−2𝑝)/𝑝,….

[1M, 2013]
A1. d = a2 - a1
= (1-p-1)/p
= -p/p
= -1

2. What is the common difference of an A.P. in which a21 – a7 =

84?
[1M, 2017]
A6. a21 – a7 = 84 ………(given)
∴ (a + 20d) – (a + 6d) = 84 …[an = a + (n – 1)d
20d – 6d = 84
14d = 84
d = 84/14
d=6

3. Find the 9th term from the end (towards the first term) of the
A.P. 5,9,13, …, 185.
[1M, 2016]
A3. Here First term, a = 5
Common difference, d = 9 – 5 = 4
Last term, 1 = 185
 nth term from the end = l – (n – 1)d
9th term from the end = 185 – (9 – 1)4
= 185 – 8 × 4 = 185 – 32 = 153

4. Fill the two blanks in the sequence 2, ____ , 26, ____ so that
the sequence forms an A.P
[1M, 2019]
A4. 14, 38

5. If the first three terms of an A.P are b, c and 2b, then find the
ratio of b and c.
[1M, 2019]
A5. b,c and 2b are in AP
⇒ c = 3b/2
∴b:c=2:3

6. Which term of the A.P. 27, 24, 21,…..is zero?

[1M, 2020]
A6. an = a+(n-1)d
0 = 27+(n-1)(-3)
30 = 3n
n =10
10th
7. In an Arithmetic Progression, if d= - 4, n=7, an=4, then find a.
[1M, 2020]
A7. an = a+(n-1)d
4 = a+6x(-4)
a = -28

8. If nth term of an A.P. is (2n+1), what is the sum of its first three
terms?
[1M, 2018]
A8. a1 =3, a3 = 7
s3 = (3/2)(3 + 7) = 15

9. Find the eleventh term from the last term of the AP: 27, 23, 19,
..., –65.
[1M, 2017]
A19. A11 = -25
10. Find the 9th term from the end (towards the first term) of the
A.P. 5,9,13, …, 185.
[1M, 2017]
A10. Here First term, a = 5
Common difference, d = 9 – 5 = 4
Last term, 1 = 185
nth term from the end = l – (n – 1)d
9th term from the end = 185 – (9 – 1)4
= 185 – 8 × 4 = 185 – 32 = 153

11. The value of x for which 2x,(x + 10) and ( 3x + 2 ) are the
three consecutive terms of an AP, is
[2020]
(a) 6
(b) -6
(c)18
(d) -18

A11. (a) 6

12. The first term of an AP is p and the common difference is q,

then its 10th term is
[2020]
(a) q + 9p
 (b) p - 9q
(c) p + 9q
(d) 2p + 9q

A2. (c) p + 9q

13. In an AP, if d = -4, n = 7, an = 4, then a is equal to

[NCERT Exemplar]

(A) 6
(B) 7
(C) 20
(D) 28

A13. (D) 28

14. In an AP, if a = 3.5, d = 0,n = 101, then an will be

[NCERT Exemplar]

(A) 0
(B) 3.5
(C) 103.5
(D) 104.5

A14. (B) 3.5

15. The list of numbers – 10, – 6, – 2, 2,… is
[NCERT Exemplar]
(A) an AP with d = -16
(B) an AP with d = 4
(C) an AP with d = – 4
(D) not an AP

A15. (B) an AP with d = 4

16. The first four terms of an AP, whose first term is -2 and the
common difference is -2, are
[NCERT Exemplar]
(A) -2, 0, 2, 4
(B) -2, 4, -8, 16
(C) -2, -4, -6, -8
(D) -2, -4, -8, -16

A16. (C) -2, -4, -6, -8

17. If the 2nd term ofanAPis13and the 5th term is 25, what is its
7th term?
[NCERT Exemplar]
 (A) 30
(B) 33
(C) 37
(D) 38

A17. (B) 33

18. Which term of the AP: 21, 42, 63, 84,… is 210?
[NCERT Exemplar]

(A) 9th
(B) 10th
(C) 11th
(D) 12th

A18. (B) 10th

19. If the common difference of an AP is 5, then what is a18 – a13?

[NCERT Exemplar]
(A) 5
(B) 20
(C) 25
(D) 30

A19. (C) 25
 20. Show that (a-b)2, (a2 - b2) and (a+b)2 are in AP
[2M, 2020]
2 2 2 2
A3. Given (a-b) , (a - b ) and (a+b) are in AP
So, (a+b)2 - (a-b)2 = 2ab
(a+b)2 - (a2 - b2) = 2ab
As we can see that the common difference is same, hence
. the following term is in AP.

21. The angles of a triangle are in A.P., the least being half the
greatest. Find the angles.
[2M, 2011]
A8. Let the angles be a – d, a, a + d; a > 0, d > 0
∵ Sum of angles = 180°
∴ a – d + a + a + d = 180°
⇒ 3a = 180° ∴ a = 60° …(i)
By the given condition
a – d = (𝑎+𝑑)/2
⇒ 2 = 2a – 2d = a + d
⇒ 2a – a = d + 2d ⇒ a = 3d
⇒ d = 𝑎/3=60°/3 = 20° … [From (i)
∴ Angles are: 60° – 20°, 60°, 60° + 20°
i.e., 40°, 60°, 80°
22. Find the 20th term from the last term of the AP 3,8,13,….,253
[2M, 2018]
th
A22. 20 term from the end
= l − (n − 1)d
= 253-19 ×5
= 158

23. If 7 times the 7th term of an A.P is equal to 11 times its 11th
term, then find its 18th term.
[2M, 2018]
A23. 7a7 = 11a11
7(a + 6d) = 11(a + 10d)
a+ 17d = 0
∴ a18 = 0

24. The sum of first n terms of an AP is given by Sn = 2n2 + 3n.

Find the sixteenth term of the AP.
[2M, 2017]

A20. Sn = 2n2 + 3n
S1 = 5 = a1
S2 = a1 + a2 = 14
a2 = 9
d = a 2 – a 1= 4
a16 = a1 + 15d = 5 + 15(4) = 65
25. The 4th term of an A.P. is zero. Prove that the 25th term of the
A.P. is three times its 11thterm.
[2M, 2017]
st
A25. Let 1 term = a, Common difference = d
a4 = 0 a + 3d = 0 ⇒ a = -3d … (i)
To prove: a25 = 3 × a11
a + 24d = 3(a + 10d) …[From (i) ]
⇒ -3d + 24d = 3(-3d + 10d)
⇒ 21d = 21d
From above, a25 = 3(a11) (Hence proved)

26. Which term of the A.P. 3, 14, 25, 36, … will be 99 more than
its 25th term? (2011OD)
[3M, 2011]
A26. Let the required term be nth term, i.e., an
Here, d = 14 – 3 = 11, a = 3
According to the Question, an = 99 + a25
∴ a + (n – 1) d = 99 + a + 24d
⇒ (n – 1) (11) = 99 + 24 (11)
(n – 1) (11) = 11 (9 + 24)
n – 1 = 33
n = 33 + 1 = 34
∴ 34th term is 99 more than its 25th term.
27. The sum of the 5th and the 9th terms of an AP is 30. If its
25th term is three times its 8th term, find the AP.
[3M, 2014]
A27. a5 + a9 = 30 … [Given
a + 4d + a + 8d = 30 …[∵ an = a + (n – 1)d
2a + 12d = 30 ⇒ a + 6d = 15 …[Dividing by 2
a = 15 – 6d …(i)
Now, a52 = 3(a8)
a + 24d = 3(a + 7d)
15 – 6d + 240 = 3(15 – 6d + 7d) …[From (i)
15 + 18d = 3(15 + d)
15 + 18d = 45 + 3d
18d – 3d = 45 – 15
15d = 30 ∴ d = 30/15 = 2
From (i), a = 15 – 6(2) = 15 – 12 = 3
AP is a a+d a+2d a+3d …………
3 5 7 9 …………

28. The 14th term of an AP is twice its gth term. If its 6th term is -8,
then find the sum of its first 20 terms.
[3M, 2015]
A28. Let a = First term, d = Common difference
a14 = 2.a8 … [Given
⇒ a + 13d = 2 (a + 7d) ..[∵ a, = a + (n – 1)d
⇒ a + 13d = 2a + 14d
⇒ 1a – 2a = 14d – 13d
 ⇒ -1a = d ⇒ a = -d … (i)
a6 = -8 …[Given
⇒ -8 = a + 5d
⇒ -d + 5d = -8 …[From (i)
⇒ 4d = -8 ⇒ d = -2
Value of d put in equation (i), we get
a = -d ⇒ a=-(-2)
Now, a = 2, d = -2
Now, Sum of first 20 terms,
S20 = (20/2)[2 × 2 + (20 – 1)(-2)] …[Sn = (n/2) (2a + (n – 1)d)
S20 = 10[4 + 19(-2)]
S20 = 10[4 – 38] = -340

29. If Sn, denotes the sum of first n terms of an A.P., prove that
S12 = 3(S8 – S4).
[3M, 2015]
A29. Sn = (n/2) (2a + (n − 1)d)
∴ S12 = (12/2) (2a + (12 – 1)d)
S12 = 6 [2a + 11d] = 124 + 66d …(i)
∴ S8 = (8n/2) (2a + (8 – 1)d)
S8 = 4[2a + 7d] = 8a + 28d … (ii)
∴ S4 = (4/2) (2a + (4 – 1)d)
S4 = 2[2a + 3d) = 4a + 6d …(iii)
Now, S12 = 3(S8 – S4)
12a + 660 = 3(8a + 28d – 4a – 6d) … [From (i), (ii) & (iii)
12a + 660 = 3(4a + 22d)
12a + 660 = 12a + 66d …Hence proved
30. The digits of a positive number of three digits are in A.P. and
their sum is 15. The number obtained by reversing the digits is
594 less than the original number. Find the number.
[3M, 2016]
A30. Let hundred’s place digit = (a – d)
Let ten’s place digit = a
Let unit’s place digit = a + d
According to the Question,
a – d + a + a + d = 15
⇒ 3a = 15 ⇒ a = 5
Original number
= 100(a – d) + 10(a) + 1(a + d)
= 100a – 100d + 10a + a + d
= 111a – 99d
Reversed number
= 1(a – d) + 10a + 100(a + d)
= a – d + 10a + 100a + 100d
= 111a + 99d
Now, Original no. – Reversed no. = 594
111a – 99d – (111a + 99d) = 594
-198d = 594 ⇒ d = 594/−198 = -3
∴ The Original no. = 111a – 99d
= 111(5) – 99(-3)
= 555 + 297 = 852

31. If the sum of first m terms of an AP is the same as the sum of

its first n terms, show that the sum of its first (m+n) terms is
zero.
[3M, 2019]
A31.
 32. The sum of four consecutive numbers in AP is 32 and the ratio
of product of the first and last terms to the product two middle
terms is 7:15. Find the numbers.
[4M, 2020]
A32. Given: Sum of four consecutive numbers in AP is 32

Let the four consecutive numbers in AP be (a-3d).(a-d).(a+d)

. and (a+3d)

a-3d+a-d+a+d+a+3d=32
4a = 32
a = 32/4
a=8. --> eq" (1)

Now, (a-3d)(a+3d)/(a-d)(a+d)=7/15

15(a2-9d2)=7(a2-d2)
15a2-135d2 = 7a2-7d2
15a2-7a2 = 135d2-7d2
8a2 = 128d2

Putting the value of a=8 in above we get

8(8)2=128d2
 128d2 = 512
d2 = 512/128
d2 = 4
d=2

So, the four consecutive numbers are

8-(3x2)
8-6=2
8-2=6
8+2=10
8+(3x2)
8+6 = 14

Four consecutive numbers are 2, 6, 10, 14

33. A motorboat covers a distance of 16km upstream and 24km

downstream in 6 hours. In the same time it covers a distance
of 12 km upstream and 36km downstream. Find the speed of
the boat in still water and that of the stream.
[5M, 2020]
A33.
34. An AP consists of 50 terms of which 3rd term is 12 and the
last term is 106. Find the 29th term.
[4M, 2018]
A34. n=50, a3 =12 and a50 = 106
a+2d = 12
 a+49d = 106
on solving, d=2 and a= 8
a29= a+28d
= 8+28×2 = 64

35. An AP consists of 37 terms. The sum of the three middle most

terms is 225 and the sum of the last three terms is 429. Find
the AP.
[4M, 2017]
A21. Let the three middle most terms of the AP be a – d, a, a + d.
We have, (a – d) + a + (a + d) = 225
3a = 225 a = 75
Now, the AP is
a – 18d,…,a – 2d, a – d, a, a + d, a + 2d,…, a + 18d
Sum of last three terms:
(a + 18d) + (a + 17d) + (a + 16d) = 429
3a + 51d = 429 a + 17d = 143
75 + 17d = 143
d=4
Now, first term = a – 18d = 75 – 18(4) = 3
The AP is 3, 7, 11, …, 147.

36. If pth, qth and rth terms of an A.P. are a, b, c respectively, then
show that (a – b)r + (b – c)p+ (c – a)q = 0.
[4M, 2011]
 A36. Let A be the first term and D be the common difference of .
. the given A.P.
pth term = A + (p – 1)D = a …(i)
qth term = A + (q – 1)D = b …(ii)
rth term = A + (r – 1)D = c … (iii)
L.H.S. = (a – b)r + (b – c)p + (c – a)q
= [A + (p–1)D – (A + (q–1)D)]r + [A + (q–1)D –(A +(r – 1)D)]p
. + [A + (r – 1)D – (A + (p – 1)D)]q
= [(p – 1 – q + 1)D]r + [(q – 1 – r + 1)D]p + [(r – 1 – p + 1)D]q
= D[(p – q)r + (q – r)p + (r – p)q]
= D[pr – qr + qp – rp + rq – pq]
= D[0] = 0 = R.H.S.

Directions: In the following questions, a statement of assertion

(A) is followed by a statement of reason (R) . Mark the correct
choice as:
a. Both assertion (A) and reason (R) are correct and
reason is the correct explanation of assertion.
b. Both assertion (A) and reason (R) are correct but
reason is not the correct explanation of assertion.
c. Assertion (A) is correct, reason (R) is incorrect
d. Assertion (A) is incorrect, reason (R) is correct
37. .

A37. Assertion (A) is incorrect, reason (R) is correct