PARTICIPLE PHRASES

PART 1. THEORY PP of result FC: The corporation shut down the plant, with the
1. Participle: is an adjective formed from a verb and is used to modify a noun. (reduced adv clause) result that many workers were left unemployed.
Ex: PP: The corporation shut down the plant, leaving
many workers unemployed.
PP of time FC: While I was walking down the street, I ran
(reduced adv clause) into an old friend.
Partiple forms: -ing participles (present pp) and -ed participles (past pp) PP: While walking down the street, I ran into an
old friend.
PP: Walking down the street, I ran into an old
friend.
FC: After I had passed my driving test, I was able
to buy my first car.
2. Participle phrase: consits of a participle + other words, formed by PP: Having passed my driving test, I was able to
reducing adj clauses and adv clauses. buy my first car.
3. How to change an adj/adv clause into a participle phrase
PART 2. PRACTICE
“BE”: S + “BE”
Practice 1. Choose the best participle forms (A-G) to fit into the sentences.
NO “BE”: S, V=> V-ing One of the forms is not needed.

Note: No reduction if the subjects of the adj/adv clause and the main clause
are different.
4. Types of participle phrase
Defining PP FC: The man who lives upstairs is very noisy.
(reduced adj clause) PP: The man living upstairs is very noisy.
FC: The portrait which was painted by my mother
was lovely.
PP: The portrait painted by my mother was lovely.
PP of reason FC: She will be unable to answer your queries Practice 2. Rewrite the following sentences, replacing the underlined
(reduced adv clause) because she is not qualified. phrase with a suitable participle phrase.
PP: Not being qualified, she will be unable to
answer your queries.
PP of condition FC: If you treat it gently, the fabric should last for
(reduced adv clause) years.
PP: Treated gently, the fabric should last for years.

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Practice 4. Choose the correct sentence in each pair.

Practice 5. Underline the subject of the adverb clause and the subject of
the main clause in each sentence. Change the adverb clauses to modifying
adverbial phrases if possible.

Practice 3. Use the information in the table to write sentences, inserting an

infinitive or a participle phrase. Some sentences can be written in more
than one way.

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Practice 8. Read the blog entry by author Stacy Hagen. Underline each
modifying adverbial phrase and change it to an adverbial clause.
Practice 6. Change the adverb clauses to modifying adverbial phrases.

Practice 7. Choose all the possible answers for each sentence.

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Practice 10. Make one sentence from two. Use one of them as an
adjective phrase.

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