Sari Astuti, M.

Pd
Elliptical sentence is sentence which some
words have been omitted, but it retains the
same meaning. So that we can avoid
unnecessary repeated sentence.
 There are 2 Elliptical
Sentences

AFFIRMATIVE NEGATIVE
AGREEMENT AGREEMENT
 1. Affirmative ( Using “so” ,“too”)
Agreement
For affirmative agreement we use "so" and "too". They have
same meaning, but have different position.“So” and “too” is to
avoid repetition in the positive sentences.

“SO”
“So” is put before auxiliary
Form :
So + auxiliary+ subject
“Too”
“Too” is put after auxiliary
Form :
Subject + auxiliary+ Too
 Examples of Affirmative
Agreement

“SO” “TOO”
Mr. Amran is an English
He will go to Bandung She teacher
will go to Bandung Mrs.Emil is an English teacher

🡪He will go to Bandung, 🡪Mr.Amran is an English

and so will she teacher, Mrs. Emil is too

Lisa plays piano well Dewi will go

Sam plays piano well Dhito will go

🡪Lisa plays piano well and 🡪Dewi will go and Dhito will
so does Sam too
 2. Negative ( Using
“either” ,“neither”)
Agreement
For Negative Agreement we use “Either” and “Neither” they
have different position. “Neither” is from “Not Either.”
“Either” and “Neither” is to avoid repetition in the negative
sentences.

“EITHER”

“Either” is put after auxiliary

Form : Subject + auxiliary+ either

“NEITHER”

“Neither” is put before auxiliary

Form : Neither +auxiliary+ subject
*Note
there are some adverbs of frequency
which are regarded have
negative meaning :
• never
• seldom
• rarely
• hard
• barely, etc
How to form either and neither using Negative
Adverb of frequency+Verbs
we use 3D (did, do, does)
 Examples of Negative
Agreement

“EITHER”

We have not finished homework

She has not finished homework

🡪 We have not finished homework, She has not Either

“NEITHER”
Tati didn’t go to Bandung
Budi didn’t go to Bandung

🡪 Tati didn’t go to Bandung, Neither did Budi

 Neither/nor and Either/or
“Either/or” and “Neither/nor” is paired
conjunction or also called
correlative conjunction.

1.) “Either / or” - used in a sentence in the

affirmative sentence when referring to a
choice between two possibilities, things or
people. From several sources 'either' can
be omitted.

Form : Either + Subject1 + Or + Subject2 + full verb

 Neither-nor and Either-or
2.) Neither - nor - used in a sentence in the
negative sentence
when you want to say that two or more things
are not true.
Neither/nor gives a negative meaning to verbs.

Form : Neither + Subject1 + nor + Subject2 +

full verb
 Neither-nor and Either-or
When using either-or and neither-nor, note the following
rules:
a.If both elements are singular, then the verb is singular too.
b.However, if one of the elements is plural, then use a plural
verb.

Form :
Either + S + or + singular subject + singular verb

Either + S + or + plural subject + plural verb Neither

+ S + nor + singular subject + singular verb Neither

+ S + nor + plural subject + plural verb

 Examples of
Neither/nor and
Either/or
Examples of Either/or :
My mother or my sister are here.
Either Dina or Budi is a doctor
Either Nisa or her mother is a scientist.

Examples of Neither/nor :
Neither my sister nor my parents are here.
Neither he nor I can sing
The man is neither handsome nor faithful.
 Simple Present Tense
Use auxiliary: Do/Does
∞Affirmative Agreement :
“Do/Does”
Form using “SO” : Subject + Do/Does + verbs + adv +
and + so + Do/Does + Subject
Form using “TOO” : Subject + Do/Does + verbs +
adv + and + Subject + Do/Does + TOO
Ex:
She reads book he
reads book
🡪 she reads book, and he does too
🡪 She reads book and so does he
 Simple Present Tense
Use auxiliary: Do/Does
∞Negative Agreement :
“do/does”
Form using “Neither” : Subject + Do/Does+ not + verbs +
adv + and + Neither + Do/Does + Subject
Form using “either” : Subject + Do/Does+ not + verbs + adv
+ and + subject + Do/Does+ not + either
Ex:
She doesn’t read book he
doesn’t read book
🡪She doesn’t read book, and he doesn’t either
🡪She doesn’t read book and neither does he
 Simple Past Tense
Use auxiliary: did
∞Affirmative Agreement :
“DID”
Form using “SO” : Subject + V2 + adv + and + so + Did +
Subject
Form using “TOO” : Subject + V2 + adv + and + Subject +
Did + TOO
Ex:
Toni went to Malaysia John
went to malaysia
🡪Toni went to malaysia, and john did too
🡪Toni went to malaysia, and so did john
 Simple Past Tense
Use auxiliary: did
∞Negative Agreement :
“DID”
Form using “Either” : Subject + did + not + adj + adv
+ and + Subject + did + not + either
Form using “Neither” : Subject + did + not + adj + adv
+ and + Neither + did + Subject
Ex:
I didn’t play football last week Heri didn’t
play football last week
🡪I didn’t play football last week, and Heri didn’t either
🡪I didn’t play football last week, and neither did Heri
 Present Continuous Tense
Use auxiliary: is/am/are
∞Affirmative Agreement :
“Is/Am/Are”
Form using “SO” :
subject+ is/am/are +verb ing + adv + and + so + is/am/are + Subject
Form using “TOO” :
Subject +is/am/are+ verb ing + adv + and + Subject + is/am/are + TOO
Ex:
Shinta is dancing Ayu is
dancing
🡪Shinta is dancing and ayu is too
🡪Shinta is dancing and so is ayu
 Present Continuous Tense
Use auxiliary: is/am/are
∞Negative Agreement :
“Is/Am/Are”
Form using “Neither” :
Subject + is/am/are+ not + verb ing+ adv + and + Neither + is/am/are+ Subject
Form using “either” :
Subject + is/am/are+ not + verb ing + adv+ and + subject + is/am/are+ not + either
Ex:
Shinta isn’t dancing Ayu isn’t
dancing
🡪Shinta isn’t dancing and ayu isn’t either
🡪Shinta isn’t dancing and neither is ayu
 Past Continuous Tense
Use auxiliary: was/were
∞Affirmative Agreement :
“was/were”
Form using “SO” :
subject+ was/were +verb ing + adv + and + so + was/were + Subject
Form using “TOO” :
Subject+was/were + verb ing + adv + and + Subject + was/were + TOO
Ex:
I was listening music You were
listening music
🡪I was listening music and you were too
🡪I was listening music and so were you
 Past Continuous Tense
Use auxiliary: was/were
∞Negative Agreement :
“was/were”
Form using “Neither” :
Subject + was/were + not + verb ing+ adv+ and + Neither + was/were + Subject

Form using “either” :

Subject + was/were + not + verb ing + adv+ and + subject was/were + not + either
Ex:
I wasn’t listening music You
weren’t listening music
🡪I wasn’t listening music and you weren’t either
🡪I wasn’t listening music and neither were you
 Present Perfect Tense
Use auxiliary: have/has
∞Affirmative Agreement :
“have/has”
Form using “SO” :
subject+ have/has + full verb past+ adv + +and + so + have/has+ Subject

Form using “TOO” :

subject+ have/has + full verb past+ adv + +and + Subject+ have/has+ Too
Ex:
You have eaten She
has eaten
🡪You have eaten and she has too
🡪You have eaten and so has she
 Present Perfect Tense
Use auxiliary: have/has
∞Negative Agreement :
“have/has”
Form using “Either” :
subject+ have/has+ not + full verb past+ adv + +and + Subject+ have/has+not +
either

Form using “Neither :

subject+ have/has+ not + full verb past+ adv + +and + Neither + have/has+ subject
Ex:
You haven’t eaten She hasn’t
eaten
🡪You haven’t eaten and she hasn’t either
🡪You haven’t eaten and neither has she
 Past Perfect Tense
Use auxiliary: had
∞Affirmative Agreement :
“had”
Form using “SO” :
subject+ had + full verb past participle+ adv + +and + so + had+ Subject

Form using “TOO” :

subject+ had + full verb past participle + adv + +and + Subject+ had+ Too
Ex:
He had studied I had
studied
🡪He had studied and I had too
🡪He had studied and So had I
 Past Perfect Tense
Use auxiliary: had
∞Negative Agreement :
“had”
Form using “Either” : subject+ had+ not + full verb past
participle + adv + +and + Subject+ had + either
Form using “Neither : subject+ have/has+ not + full verb
past participle + adv + +and + Neither + had+
subject
Ex:
You haven’t eaten She hasn’t
eaten
🡪You haven’t eaten and she hasn’t either
 Simple Future Tense
Use auxiliary: shall/will
∞Affirmative Agreement :
“Shall/will”
Shall 🡪 I, We
Will 🡪 She, he, you, they, it
Form using “SO” : Subject + shall/will + verbs + adv + and + so + shall/will
+ Subject
Form using “TOO” : Subject +shall/will+ verbs + adv + and + Subject +
shall/will + TOO
Ex :
She will come to meet Dika this afternoon He will come
to meet Dika this afternoon
🡪She shall come to meet Dika this afternoon and so will he
🡪She will come to meet Dika this afternoon and he will too
 Simple Future Tense
Use auxiliary: shall/will
∞Negative Agreement :
“Shall/will”
Form using “Neither” : Subject + shall/will+ not +verbs+adv + and +
Neither + shall/will + Subject
Form using “either” : Subject +shall/will + not + verbs + adv + and +
subject + shall/will + not + either
Ex:
My Mother won’t go to Singapore today My
Father won’t go to Singapore today
🡪My Mother won’t go to Singapore and neither will my Father
🡪My Mother won’t go to Singapore today and My father won’t either
 Past Future Tense
Use auxiliary: should/would
∞Affirmative Agreement :
Should 🡪 I, We
Would 🡪 She, he, you, they, it
Form using “SO” : Subject + should/would + verbs + adv + and + so +
should/would + Subject
Form using “TOO” : Subject + should/would+ verbs + adv + and +
Subject + should/would+ TOO
Ex :
Vina would go to the market yesterday
Tini would go to the market yesterday
🡪Vina would go to the market yesterday and Tini would too
🡪Vina would go to the market yesterday and So would Tini
 Past Future Tense
Use auxiliary: should/would
∞Negative Agreement :
Should 🡪 I, We
Would 🡪 She, he, you, they, it
Form using “Neither” : Subject + should/would + not +verbs+adv + and +
Neither + should/would + Subject
Form using “either” : Subject + should/would + not + verbs + adv + and
+ subject + should/would+ not + either
Ex:
James wouldn’t read the book last night
Sam wouldn’t read the book last night
🡪James wouldn’t read the book last night and Sam wouldn’t either
🡪James wouldn’t read the book last night and Neither would sam
A B C D

E F G H

I J
A : What would you like to eat ?
B : I would like to have Batagor. How about you?
A : I think Batagor is delicious, and....

a. I would too
b. I do too
c. I will too
d. I like too
Sisca : I like to watch the Indonesian idol program.

Ranti : . I think it is the most interesting among the

programmes.

Sisca : I agree with you.

A.So am I
B.I do too
C.I don’t either
D. Neither do I
Lala : What do you think about
the movie?
Lili: Owh, it’s dull
Lala : Yes, and I get bored to watch it
From the dialog, we know that the Lala doesn’t
enjoy the movie and Lili ......

a. Doesn’t either
b. Did Neither
c. Did too
d. Does too
Rhinoceros is protected; Jalak Bali is
protected. We can also say .

A.Rhinoceros is protected, and neither is Jalak

Bali
B.Rhinoceros is protected, and Jalak Bali is too
C.Rhinoceros is protected, and so was Jalak Bali
D.Rhinoceros is protected, and Jalak Bali isn’t
either
They hardly came late to school,
and you ..... Either.

A.Did
B.Didn’t
C.Don’t
D.Do
A : Have you ever been to Paris ?
B : No, I haven’t been to Paris. How
about you ?
A : ..........., Because I never go abroad.

a. Neither have I
b. I haven’t
c. I have either
d. I haven’t too
Chairul : Amir had an accident
two days ago. I have not
visited him yet.
Hamid :
A. Neither have I
B. Neither do I
C. I haven’t, too
D. So I don’t
We shall not finish the homework ontime.
She won’t finish the homework ontime
We shan’t finish the homework ontime and ...
a.Neither shan’t she
b.Neither won’t she
c.Neither shall she
d.Neither will she
They don’t watch a movie. Linda
doesn’t watch a movie
They don’t watch a movie, and...
a.Linda doesn’t either
b.Linda don’t either
c.Neither don’t Linda
d.Neither doesn’t Linda
You hardly knew me.
They hardly knew me
You hardly knew me and...
a.Neither didn’t they
b. Neither did they
c.Neiher do they
d. They did either