Professional Documents
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Importance of
Components
Introduction short-circuit current Working Principle
and Operation
limitation
Example of application
i
• FCL immediately separates two 250 kA
systems in case of a short-circuit i = i 1 + i2
fault without FCL
G
• Limitation before reaching the T1 T2
first peak
u
125 kA
• Short-circuit fault isolation I1 = 50 kA I2 = 50 kA
50kA x χ x 2 i = i 1 + i2
with FCL
• Remaining fault level not critical i1
Bus A 50 kA/125 kA Bus B 50 kA/125 kA
i2
I = I1 + I2
t
Fast tripping for a safe Current curve at the short-circuit location
equipment operation
September 24,
Slide 6
2019
Working Principle
Project specific techniques
Tripping based on instantaneous + di/dt measurment Tripping based on instantaneous current measurment only
1 Short-circuit current
i without FCL i
1 2 Short-circuit current 1
FCL tripped
3 Over current
FCL not tripped
4 Peak value of service
current
3 2
(didt )2 2 (didt )3
ilimit ilimit
3
4 4
t t
Components and Operation
Function and operation
Normal operation
− Current flow through main
current path
− Monitoring of current regarding
the setting values through
control unit
Fault detected
− Setting value(s) reached and
pyrotechnical charge triggered
− Opening of main current path
− Melting of fuse
− Interruption of short-circuit
Control Unit Control Unit
current
Normal operation Fault detected
An airbag for your system!
Components and Operation
Function and operation
Insert replacement
Tripped inserts:
− No special training to change
tripped inserts
Control Unit
iB
T2: Time for opening the bursting bridge and for
commutating the current to the fuse element iA
approx. 85 µs
September 24,
Slide 10
2019
Applications & Advantages
Standard source paralleling applications without selectivity
FCL in series with bus-coupler FCL in series with transformer FCL in series with generator
T1 T2 T1 T2
T1 T2
I1 = 30 kA I2 = 20 kA I3 = 20 kA
I1 = 40 kA I2 = 30 kA I2 = 30 kA
I1 = 40 kA
Bus B
50 kA/125 kA 50 kA/125 kA
Bus A Bus B Bus A Bus B
Bus A 50 kA/125 kA 50 kA/125 kA
If = I1+ I2 If = I1+ I2
If = I1+ I2
Fault level at Bus A (without FCL): I𝑘" = 70 kA Fault level at Bus A (without FCL): I𝑘" = 70 kA Fault level at Bus A (without FCL): I𝑘" = 70 kA
Fault level at Bus A (with FCL): I𝑘" = 40 kA Fault level at Bus A (with FCL): I𝑘" = 50 kA
Fault level at Bus A (with FCL): I𝑘" = 40 kA
Applications & Advantages
FCL used for replacing or bypassing a reactor
G
T1 T2 T1 T2
I1 = 30 kA I2 = 20 kA I3 = 10 kA I1 = 30 kA I2 = 20 kA
IIRR==15
10kA
kA
IRIR==10
10 kA
kA
I = I1 + I2 + I3 I = I1 + I2 + I3
IT_FCL = 10 kA IT_FCL = 10 kA
Actualfault
Actual faultlevel
levelat
atBus
BusAAafter
(withadding
reactor):
generator (with reactor): Actual fault level at Bus A (with reactor):
"I " = 40 kA / i = 100 kA (i = 2.7 * I "") Ik" = 40 kA / ip=100kA (ip= 2.7 * Ik" )
I=
k k 45 kA / ip= p 112,5 kA ( pp= 2.7 * k )
k
ActualActual
fault level
faultatlevel
BusatABus(with A (with
FCL): FCL): Actual fault level at Bus A (with FCL):
Ik= 30IkkA
" "
/ ipkA
= 30 / ikA
= 75 (ip=kA2.7
p= 75 (ip*=Ik2.5
"
) * Ik" ) Ik" = 30 kA / ip= 75 kA (ip= 2.7 * Ik" )
Applications & Advantages
FCL in application where selective tripping is useful
FCL with directional selectivity FCL with summation selectivity
Fault CTI L
s CTGEN IS-limiter
Location
T1 Tripping T1 T2 T3
No tripping
IT1 IT2 IT3
I1 = 15 kA
10 kV/16 kA 10 kV/25 kA
Bus A 18 kA 18 kA Bus B ISL1 ISL2
G IISL1 IISL2
I2 = 3 kA
CTI L
s
CTGEN
Actual fault level at Bus A (without FCL): Actual fault level at Bus A (with FCL):
Ik" = 18 kA / ip= 45 kA (ip= 2.7 * Ik" ) Ik" = 18 kA / ip= 45 kA (ip= 2.7 * Ik" )
Fault current limiter applications
Application overview
IS-limiter ™ FC-Protector ®
– Complex applications
• Directional selectivity
• Summation selectivity
September 24,
Slide 14
2019
Fault current limiter
Fault current limiter family
Low and medium voltage components Integration into ABB’s Safegear and Low footprint stand-alone solution
UniGear ZS1 line-ups
Integration in OEM panels One-panel cable in/out connection to GIS
Type tested solution or OEM panels
Flexible solution for retrofit
Connection through busbar and cable Stand-alone Is-limiterTM panel
Installation in outdoor applications
Integration into ZS8.4
September 24,
Slide 15
2019
Fault current limiter
Portfolio
FC-Protector IS-limiter
Application Indoor & Outdoor Indoor
September 24,
2019
Slide 16 ¹ FCLs can be paralleled for higher rated currents
Fault current limiter
Typical Applications
September 24,
Slide 17
2019
Market & References
References Marine Food and beverage
Others 2% 2%
4%
Chemical
Oil and gas
7%
Oil and gas
Electric distribution 32%
Pulp and paper
7%
Metals
Metals
Cement 8%
September 24,
Slide 18
2019
Fault current limiter
Why do we need FCLs?
September 24,
Slide 19
2019
Our resources for you
Additional information
Product information
Presentation, flyer, technical catalogue, manual
For inquiries via e-mail, please contact Fault Current Limiter Support DE
DE-FCL@abb.com
September 24,
Slide 20
2019